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<text>NAME: Duane Edgar Graveline (M.D.)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 2, 1931, Newport, Vermont. EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science degree from the University of Vermont (1952), doctor of medicine degree from the University of Vermont Medical School (1955), master of science in public health from Johns Hopkins University (1958).MARITAL STATUS: Married.CHILDREN: Five. EXPERIENCE: Served in the U.S. Air Force, and was chosen with the fourth group of astronauts in 1965. Dr. Graveline resigned from NASA in August 1965 for personal reasons and took a position with the State of Vermont Department of Health. He later resigned that position and set up his own practice, the Health Maintenance Center, in Colchester. Vermont.</text>
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<text>NAME: James Donald Halsell, Jr. (Major, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 29, 1956, in Monroe, Louisiana. His parents, Don and Jean Halsell, reside in West Monroe, Louisiana.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from West Monroe High School, West Monroe, Louisiana, in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering from the USAF Academy in 1978, a master of science degree in Management from Troy University in 1983, and a master of science degree in Space Operations from the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1985.MARITAL STATUS: SingleRECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys snow skiing, water skiing, light aircraft flying, running, exercising, racquetball, and scuba diving.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).SPECIAL HONORS: Graduated first in test pilot school class and awarded the Liethen/Tittle Trophy for the BestOverall Record for Flying and Academic Performance (1986). He was one of five finalists considered for the Commandant's Trophy in 1985 (his AFIT master's thesis was on Space Rescue). Recipient of the USAF Flying Safety Award (1980), and the USAF Pilot Training Academic Award (1979).EXPERIENCE: Halsell graduated from the USAF Academy in l978, and from Undergraduate Pilot Training atColumbus AFB, Mississippi, in 1979. Assigned to Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, Nevada, from 1980-1981, he served as an F-4D aircraft commander, qualified in conventional and nuclear weapons deliveries. From 1981-1984, he was stationed at Moody AFB, Valdosta, Georgia, where he served as squadron flight lead, instructor pilot, strike package commander, and Chief of the Squadron Standardization/ Evaluation Branch. He was qualified in all F-4E air-to-air and air-to-ground ordnances and tactics, including nuclear and electro-optical weapons. From 1984-1985, he was a graduate student at the Air Force Institute of Technology and stationed at Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio. His thesis, sponsored by JSC Crew Systems Division, prototyped a space rescue transfer vehicle using off-the-shelf equipment. Halsell computer-simulated the flying qualities and performance of the vehicle, and proposed EVA techniques for its use. In 1986 he attended the USAF Test Pilot School, Edwards AFB, California. Assigned as an F-4 test pilot, he served as project manager and prime pilot for stability and control tests which determined the degradation to flying qualities caused by fuel movement in an externally mounted tank. As an F-16 test pilot, his primary project was the new Block 40 F-16 C/D which integrated digital flight controls, infrared television, terrain following radar, and a global positioning satellite receiver. He was an SR-71 test pilot when selected for the astronaut program. In this capacity, his projects included improved engine inlet control logic, an enhanced center-of-gravity control system, and a new synthetic aperture radar.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Halsell became an Astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Astronaut Office Mission Support Branch.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Terrence W. Wilcutt (Major, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 31, 1949, in Russellville, Kentucky. His parents, George and Inez Wilcutt, reside in Russellville.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Southern High School, Louisville, Kentucky in 1967; received a bachelor of arts degree in Math from Western Kentucky University in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Robin Jo Moyers of Louisville, Kentucky. CHILDREN: Andrew Brian, March 28, 1984; Aaron Michael, September 14, 1988.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Flying, running, weight lifting, woodworking.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP).SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of Navy Commendation Medal, and Sea Service Deployment Ribbon. Distinguished Graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School.EXPERIENCE: After graduation from college in 1974, Wilcutt taught high school math for two years prior to entering the Marine Corps. He was commissioned in 1976 and earned his wings in 1978. Following initial F-4 Phantom training in VMFAT-101, he reported to VMFA-235, Kaneohe, Hawaii. While assigned to VMFA-235, Wilcutt attended the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Topgun) and made two overseas deployments to Japan, Korea, and the Philippines. In 1983, he was selected for F/A-18 conversion training and served as an F/A-18 Fighter Weapons and Air Combat Maneuvering Instructor in VFA-125, Lemoore, California. In 1986, Wilcutt was selected to attend the United States Naval Test Pilot School, where he earned the title "Distinguished Graduate." Following graduation from USNTPS he was assigned as a test pilot project officer for Strike Aircraft Test Directorate (SATD) at the Naval Aircraft Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland. While assigned to SATD, Wilcutt flew the F/A-18 Hornet, the A-7 Corsair 11, the F-4 Phantom, and various other aircraft to test a wide variety of projects and classified programs. He has over 2,000 flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Wilcutt became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and currently works Space Shuttle Main Engine, and External Tank issues for the Operations Development Branch of the Astronaut Office.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Richard A. Searfoss (Major, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 5, 1956, in Mount Clemens, Michigan, but considers Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to be his hometown. His father, Lt. Col. Stanley G. Searfoss (ret.), resides in Lakeland, Florida. His mother, Mrs. Mary K. Searfoss, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Portsmouth Senior High School, Portsmouth, New Hampshire in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the USAF Academy in 1978, and a master of science degree in Aeronautics from the California Imtitute of Technology on a National Science Foundation Fellowship in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Julie McGuire of Glendale, California. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Stanton McGuire, reside in Glendale.CHILDREN: Megan, February 18, 1983; Elizabeth, October 19, 1985.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys running, soccer, radio-controlled model aircraft, scouting, backpacking, and classical music.ORGANIZATIONS: National Eagle Scout Association, Air Force Association, and Academy of Model Aeronautics.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Harmon, Fairchild, Price and Tober Awards (top overall, academic, engineering and aeronautical engineering graduate), USAF Academy Class of 1978. Distinguished graduate, USAF Fighter Weapons School. Named the Tactical Air Command F-111 Instructor Pilot of the Year, 1985. Recipient of the Air Force Commendation Medal.EXPERIENCE: Searfoss graduated in 1980 from Undergraduate Pilot Training at Williams AFB, Arizona. From 1981-1984, he flew the F-111F operationally at RAF Lakenheath, England, followed by a tour at Mountain Home AFB, Idaho, where he was an F-111A instructor pilot and weapons officer until 1987. In 1988 he attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland, as a USAF Exchange Officer. He was a flight instructor at the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California, when selected for the astronaut program.He has logged over 2,300 hours flying time in 53 different types of aircraft.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Searfoss became as astronaut in July 1991, and is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. He is currently assigned technical duties in the Astronaut Office Mission Support Branch, and is part of a team responsible for crew ingress/strap-in prior to launch and crew egress after landing.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Roger B. Chaffee (Lieutenant Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born on February 15, 1935, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Donald L. Chaffee, reside.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9-1/2 inches; weight: 152 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Central High School, Grand Rapids, Michigan; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University in 1957.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Martha L. Horn of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Her parents are Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Horn of that city.CHILDREN: Sheryl L., November 17, 1958; Stephen B. July 3, 1961.OTHER ACTIVITIES: His hobbies include guns.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Tau Beta Pi, national engineering society; Sigma Gamma Tau; and Phi Kappa Sigma.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Air Medal.EXPERIENCE: Chaffee, a Lieutenant Commander, entered the Navy in 1957. He served as safety officer and quality control officer for Heavy Photographic Squadron 62 at the Naval Air Station in Jacksonville, Florida.In January 1963, he entered the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, to work on a master of science degree in reliability engineering.He has logged more than 2,300 hours flying time, including more than 2,000 hours in jet aircraft.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Lieutenant Commander Chaffee was one of the third group of astronauts selected by NASA in October 1963.He has since participated in a number of special activities and was recently assigned as one of the pilots for the first 3-man Apollo flight (Apollo 1).Roger Chaffee and fellow astronauts Gus Grissom and Ed White died on January 27, 1967, at Cape Kennedy, Florida, when a flash fire consumed their spacecraft during a full-scale simulation in preparation for the scheduled launch of their Saturn/ Apollo mission.</text>
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<text>NAME: Donald R. McMonagle (Lt. Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 14, 1952, in Flint, Michigan. His parents, Joseph and Jewel McMonagle, reside in DeLeon Springs, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; Hazel eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Hamady High School, Flint, Michigan, in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1974, and a master of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from California State University-Fresno in 1985.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Janyce Morton of Phoenix, Arizona. CHILDREN: Heather Nicole, October 7, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys all racket sports, light aircraft flying, and snow skiing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Association of Graduates, U.S. Air Force Academy, and Association of Space Explorers.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Air Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, three Air Force Commendation Medals, and the Liethen-Tittle Award (Top Graduate from USAF Test Pilot School).EXPERIENCE: McMonagle graduated from pilot training at Columbus AFB, Mississippi, in 1975. After F-4 training at Homestead AFB, Florida, he went on a one-year tour of duty as an F-4 pilot at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea. He returned from overseas to Holloman AFB, New Mexico, in 1977. While there, he transitioned from the F-4 to the F-15 aircraft. In 1979, McMonagle was assigned to Luke AFB, Arizona, as an F-15 instructor pilot. In 1981, he entered the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California, and was the outstanding pilot graduate in his class. From 1982 to 1985, McMonagle was the Operations Officer and a Project Test Pilot for a technology demonstration aircraft, the Advanced Fighter Technology Integration (AFTI) F-16. This was a joint USAF/NASA/USN flight test project conducted from the NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility at Edwards AFB. McMonagle attended the Air Command and Staff College at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, from 1985 to 1986. He was assigned as the Operations Officer of the 651 3th Test Squadron at Edwards AFB when selected for the astronaut program.He has over 4,000 hours of flying experience in a variety of aircraft,primarily the T-38, F-4, F-15, and F-16.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, McMonagle's technical assignments have included the SpaceShuttle main engines, external tank, and main propulsion system. He also worked with the Mission Control Team for missions STS-32, STS-33, and STS-36 as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM), a position traditionally held by an Astronaut. The CAPCOM is the focal point for all verbal communication with the crew in the orbiting vehicle. He presently serves as the Astronaut Office Representative for development of crew procedures, the Shuttle Mission Simulator, and training procedures in the Shuttle Training Aircraft.McMonagle flew as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on Mission STS-39. This eight-day unclassified Department of Defense mission launched from Kennedy Space Center on April 28, 1991 and landed there on May 6, 1991. During this highly successful mission, the seven member crew worked around-the-clock in a two-shift operation. They deployed, operated and retrieved a remotely controlled spacecraft and conducted several science experiments to include research of both natural and induced phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere. McMonagle was the pilot during his shift of operations and was responsible for flying the Space Shuttle through several maneuvers and operating Discovery's systems in support of science experiments. With the completion of this mission, McMonagle has logged over 199 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Lt. Col. McMonagle will serve as pilot on the crew of STS-54. This six-day mission will feature the deployment of TDRS-F and is scheduled for launch late in 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Jack Robert Lousma (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 29, 1936, in Grand Rapids, Michigan.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 195 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Tappan Junior High School and Ann Arbor High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1959 and the degree of Aeronautical Engineer from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1965; presented an honorary doctorate of Astronautical Science from the University of Michigan in 1973 and an honorary doctor of Science from Hope College in 1982.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Gratia Kay Smeltzer of Ann Arbor, Michigan. CHILDREN: Timothy J., December 23, 1963; Matthew O., July 14, 1966; Mary T., September 22, 1968; Joseph L., September 14, 1980.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He is a golfing enthusiast and enjoys hunting and fishing.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society; member of the Society of the Sigma Xi, the University of Michigan "M" Club, and the Officer's Christian Fellowship.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Johnson Space Center Certificate of Commendation (1970) and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1973); presented the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and the Navy Astronaut Wings (1974), the City of Chicago Gold Medal (1974), the Robert J. Collier Trophy for 1973 (1974), the Marine Corps Aviation Associations Exceptional Achievement Award (1974), the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1973 (1974), the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy for 1975 (1975), the AIAA Octave Chanute Award for 1975 (1975), the AAS Flight Achievement Award for 1974 (1975) ; inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame (1982). NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1982), Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal (1982), and the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award (1983).EXPERIENCE: Lousma was assigned as a reconnaissance pilot with VMCJ-2, 2nd Marine Air Wing, at Cherry Point, North Carolina, before coming to Houston and the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.He has been a Marine Corps officer since 1959 and received his wings in 1960 after completing training at the U.S. Naval Air Training Command. He was then assigned to VMA224, 2nd Marine Air Wing, as an attack pilot and later served with VMA-224, 1st Marine Air Wing, at Iwakuni, Japan.He has logged 6,400 hours of flight time, including 4,500 hours in jet aircraft and 240 hours in helicopters.NASA EXPERIENCE: Colonel Lousma is one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 9, 10, and 13 missions.Lousma was pilot for Skylab 3 (SL-3), July 28 to September 25, 1973. With him on this 59-1/2-day flight were Alan L. Bean (spacecraft commander) and Owen K. Garriott (science-pilot). SL-3 accomplished 150% of mission goals while completing 858 revolutions of the earth and traveling some 24,400,000 miles in earth orbit. The crew installed six replacement rate gyros used for attitude control of the spacecraft and a twin-pole sunshade used for thermal control, and they repaired nine major experiment or operational equipment items. They devoted 305 hours to extensive solar observations from above the earth's atmosphere, which included viewing two major solar flares and numerous smaller flares and coronal transients. Also acquired and returned to earth were 16,000 photographs and 18 miles of magnetic tape documenting earth resources observations. The crew completed 333 medical experiment performances and obtained valuable data on the effects of extended weightlessness on man. Skylab 3 ended with a Pacific splashdown and recovery by the USS NEW ORLEANS.Lousma served as backup docking module pilot of the United States flight crew for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission which was completed successfully in July 1975.On his second mission, Lousma was commander of the third orbital test flight of the space shuttle Columbia (STS-3), launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on March 22, 1982, into a 150-mile circular orbit above the earth. His pilot for this eight-day mission was C. Gordon Fullerton. Major flight test objectives included exposing the Columbia to extremes in thermal stress and the first use of the 50-foot remote manipulator system (RMS) to grapple and maneuver a payload in space. The crew also operated several scientific experiments in the orbiter's cabin and on the OSS-l pallet in the payload bay. The Columbia responded favorably to the thermal tests and was found to be better than expected as a scientific platform. The crew accomplished almost 100% of the objectives assigned to STS-3, and after a one-day delay due to bad weather, landed on the lakebed at White Sands, New Mexico, on March 30, 1982, having traveled 3.4 million miles during 129.9 orbits of the earth.Lousma has logged 1,619 hours 13 minutes and 53 seconds in his two space flights. He also spent 11 hours and 2 minutes in two separate spacewalks outside the Skylab space station on his first flight.FEBRUARY 1983</text>
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<text>NAME: Brewster H. Shaw, Jr. (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 16, 1945, in Cass City, Michigan. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Brewster H. Shaw, Sr., reside in Cass City.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 140 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Cass City High School, Cass City, Michigan, in 1963; received bachelor and master of science degrees in Engineering Mechanics from the University of Wisconsin (Madison) in 1968 and 1969, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Kathleen Ann Mueller of Madison, Wisconsin. CHILDREN: Brewster Hopkinson III, August 6, 1970; Jessica Hollis, February 3, 1975; Brandon Robert, August 15, 1976.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, running, skiing, and hunting.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal, Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross with six Oak Leaf Clusters, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal with 20 Oak Leaf Clusters, Air Force Commendation Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, Combat Readiness Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal, Air Force Longevity Service Award, Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon, Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross. Named a Distinguished Graduate from Officer Training School and the USAF Test Pilot School. Recipient of under-graduate pilot training Commanders Trophy, Outstanding Flying Trophy, Outstanding Academic Trophy, Best T-38 Pilot Award, and Top Formation Pilot Award, F-100 Barry Goldwater Top Gun Award and Top Academic Student, and F-4 Outstanding Academic Student Award and Top Gun Award. Recipient of Group Achievement Award 1981 Launch and Landing Operations Team, NASA Space Flight Medals (1983,1985,1989), American Astronautical Society 1983 Flight Achievement Award STS-9 (Spacelab 1), Veterans of Foreign Wars 1984 National Space Award STS-9, NASA Group Achievement Award 61-B EASE/ACCESS (1986), NASA JSC Aviation Safety Award (1987), NASA Special Achievement Award (1988), NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal (1988).EXPERIENCE: Shaw entered the Air Force in 1969 after completing Officer Training School and attended undergraduate pilot training at Craig Air Force Base, Alabama. He received his wings in 1970 and was then assigned to the F-100 Replacement Training Unit at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona. In March 1971, he was assigned as an F-100 combat fighter pilot to the 352d Tactical Fighter Squadron at Phan Rang Air Base, Republic of Vietnam. He returned to the United States in August 1971 for assignment to the F-4 Replacement Training Unit at George Air Force Base, California. He was subsequently sent to the 25th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Ubon RTAFB, Thailand, where he flew combat missions as an F-4 fighter pilot. In April 1973, he reported to the 20th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, George Air Force Base, California, for F-4 instructor duties. Shaw attended the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, from July 1975 to 1976.Following completion of this training, he remained at Edwards as an operational test pilot with the 6512th Test Squadron (Test Operations). He served as an instructor at the USAF Test Pilot School from August 1977 to July 1978.He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying time in over 30 types of aircraft, including 644 hours of combat in F-100 and F-4 aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Shaw was selected as an astronaut in January 1978. His technical assignments have included support crew and entry CAPCOM for STS-3 and STS-4, staff member of the Roger's Presidential Commission investigating the STS 51-L Challenger accident, head of the Orbiter return to flight team responsible for implementing safety modifications to the Orbiter fleet, and Astronaut Office Liaison with the Department of Defense (DOD) for classified payloads. He has flown on three Shuttle missions, STS-9, STS-61B and STS-28.On his first mission, Shaw was pilot on STS-9/Spacelab-l which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 28,1983. The crew on board the Orbiter Columbia included spacecraft commander, John Young; mission specialists, Owen Garriott and Robert Parker; and payload specialists, Byron Lichtenberg and Ulf Merbold. This six-member crew was the largest yet to fly aboard a single spacecraft, the first international Shuttle crew, and the first to carry payload specialists. During this maiden flight of the European Space Agency (ESA)-developed laboratory, the crew conducted more than seventy multidisciplinary scientific and technical investigations in the fields of life sciences, atmospheric physics and earth observations, astronomy and solar physics, space plasma physics, and materials processing. After ten days of Spacelab hardware verification and around-the-clock scientific operations, Columbia and its laboratory cargo (the heaviest payload to be returned to earth in the Shuttle Orbiter's cargo bay) landed on the dry lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 8, 1983.He was spacecraft commander on STS -61B which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 26,1985. On board the Orbiter Atlantis, his crew included the pilot, Bryan O'Connor, mission specialists, Mary Cleave, Jerry Ross and Woody Spring, as well as payload specialists, Rodolfo Neri Vela (Mexico), and Charles Walker (McDonnellDouglas). During the mission the crew deployed the MORELOS-B, AUSSAT II, and SATCOM K-2 communications satellites; conducted two six-hour spacewalks to demonstrate Space Station construction techniques with the EASE/ACCESS experiments; operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis (CFES) experiment for McDonnell Douglas and a Getaway Special (GAS) container for Telesat, Canada; conducted several Mexican Payload Specialist Experiments for the Mexican Government; and tested the Orbiter Experiments Digital Autopilot (OEX DAP). This was the heaviest payload weight carried to orbit by the Space Shuttle to date. After completing 108 orbits of the Earth in 165 hours, Shaw landed Atlantis on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 3, 1985.As spacecraft commander on STS-28, Shaw and his crew launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 8, 1989. The crew on board Shuttle Orbiter Columbia included the pilot, Dick Richards, and three mission specialists, Jim Adamson, Dave Leestma, and Mark Brown. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the earth, this five-day mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 13, 1989.With the completion of his third flight, Col. Shaw has logged a total of 534 hours in space.SEPTEMBER 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: David C. Leestma (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 6,1949, in Muskegon, Michigan. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Harold F. Leestma, reside in San Clemente, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Tustin High School, Tustin, California, in 1967; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1971 and a master of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1972.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Patti K. Opp of Dallas, Texas. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Opp, reside in Irvine, California.CHILDREN: Benjamin David, May 3, 1980; Katie JoAnn, October 14, 1981; Emily Marie, June 9, 1983; Peter Opp, September 18, 1986; Mary Elizabeth, April 24, 1988; Caleb William, December 28, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys golfing, tennis, flying, and fishing.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Life Member, Association of Naval Aviation.SPECIAL HONORS: The Distinguished Flying Cross, Defense Superior Service Medal, Navy Commendation Medal,Navy Achievement Medal, Meritorious Unit Commendation (VX-4), National Defense Service Medal, Battle "E" Award (VF-32), the Rear Admiral Thurston James Award (1973), the NASA Space Flight Medal (1984, 1989), and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1988).EXPERIENCE: Leestma graduated first in his class from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1971. As a first lieutenant afloat, he was assigned to USS HEPBURN (DE-1055) in Long Beach, California, before reporting in January 1972 to the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. He completed flight training and received his wings in October 1973. He was assigned to VF-124 in San Diego, California, for initial flight training in the F-14A Tomcat and then transferred to VF-32 in June 1974 and was stationed at Virginia Beach, Virginia. Leestma made three overseas deployments to the Mediterranean/North Atlantic areas while flying aboard the USS JOHN F. KENNEDY. In 1977, he was reassigned to Air Test and Evaluation Squadron Four (VX-4) at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California. As an operational test director with the F-14A, he conducted the first operational testing of new tactical software for the F-14 and completed the follow-on test and evaluation of new F-14A avionics, including the programmable signal processor. He also served as fleet model manager for the F-14A tactical manual.He has logged over 3,000 hours of flight time, including nearly 1,500 hours in the F-14A.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected to become an astronaut in 1980, Leestma served as a mission specialist on the crew ofSTS- 41G, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984. It was the sixth flight of the Orbiter Challenger and the thirteenth flight of the Space Shuttle system. The seven person crew also included two payload specialists, one from Canada, and one a Navy oceanographer. During this mission the crew deployed the ERBS satellite using the remote manipulator system (RMS); operated the OSTA-3 payload (including the SIR-B radar, FILE, and MAPS experiments) and the Large Format Camera (LFC); conducted a satellite refueling demonstration using hydrazine fuel with the Orbital Refueling System (ORS); and conducted numerous in-cabin experiments as well as activating eight Getaway Special canisters. Dave Leestma and Kathryn Sullivan successfully conducted a 3-1/2 hour Extravehicular Activity (EVA) to demonstrate the feasibility of actual satellite refueling. STS-41G completed 132 orbits of the earth in 197.5 hours before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 13, 1984.Following his flight Leestma served as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-51C thru STS-51I. He was then assigned as the Chief, Mission Development Branch, responsible for assessing the operational integration requirements of payloads that will fly aboard the Shuttle.As a mission specialist on the crew of STS-28, Leestma and his crew mates launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 8, 1989, aboard the Orbiter Columbia. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the earth, this five-day mission concluded with a lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 13, 1989.With the completion of his second space flight, Leestma has logged a total of 318.5 hours in space.CURRENTASSIGNMENT: Capt. Leestma presently serves as Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations Directorate, and will also serve as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-45. Scheduled for launch in the Spring of 1992, this mission will be dedicated to studying atmospheric phenomena from a laboratory aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Alfred Merrill Worden (Colonel, USAF, Retired)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: The son of Merrill and Helen Worden, he was born in Jackson, Michigan, on February 7, 1932. His mother resides in West Palm Beach, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10-1/2 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Dibble, Griswold, Bloomfield, and East Jackson grade schools and completed his secondary education at Jackson High School; received a bachelor of military science degree from the United States Military Academy in 1955 and master of science degrees in Astronautical/Aeronautical Engineering and Instrumentation Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1963.MARITAL STATUS: Single.CHILDREN: Merrill E., January 16, l958; Allison P., April 6, l960.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys bowling, water skiing, swimming, and handball.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings.EXPERIENCE: Worden, an Air Force Lt. Colonel, graduated from the U. S. Military Academy in June 1955 and, after being commissioned in the Air Force, received flight training at Moore Air Base, Texas; Laredo Air Force Base, Texas; and Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida.Prior to his arrival for duty at the Johnson Space Center (formerly the Manned Spacecraft Center), he served as an instructor at the Aerospace Research Pilots School, from which he graduated in September 1965. He is also a graduate of the Empire Test Pilots School in Farnborough, England, having completed training there in February 1965.He attended Randolph Air Force Base Instrument Pilots Instructor School in 1963 and served as a pilot and armament officer from March 1957 to May 1961 with the 95th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland.He has logged more than 3,840 hours flying time, including 2,500 hours in jets.Worden was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 9 flight and as backup command module pilot for the Apollo 12 flight.Worden served as command module pilot for Apollo 15, July 26 - August 7, 1971. His companions on the flight were David R. Scott, spacecraft commander, and James B. Irwin, lunar module commander. Apollo 15 was the fourth manned lunar landing mission and the first to visit and explore the moon's Hadley Rille and Apennene Mountains which are located on the southeast edge of the Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains). Apollo 15 achievements include the largest payloads placed in earth and lunar orbits; first scientific instrument module bay flown and operated on an Apollo spacecraft; longest lunar surface stay time (the lunar module Falcon remained on ground for 66 hours and 54 minutes); longest lunar surface EVA (Scott and Irwin logged 18 hours and 35 minutes each during three excursions onto the lunar surface); longest distance traversed on lunar surface; first use of lunar roving vehicle; first use of a lunar surface navigation device (mounted on Rover-l); first subsatellite launched in lunar orbit; and first EVA from a command module during transearth coast.Scott and Irwin collected approximately 171 pounds of lunar surface materials on their three expeditions onto the lunar surface; and Worden logged 38 minutes in extravehicular activity outside the command module Endeavour. In completing his three excursions to Endeavour's scientific instrument module bay, Worden retrieved film cassettes from the panoramic and mapping cameras and reported his personal observations of the general condition of equipment housed there.Apollo 15 concluded with a Pacific splashdown and subsequent recovery by the USS OKINAWA. In completing his first space flight, Worden logged 295 hours and 11 minutes in space.He was designated backup command module pilot for the Apollo 17 mission.During 1972-1973, Worden was Senior Aerospace Scientist at the NASA Ames Research Center, and from 1973 to 1975, he was chief of Systems Studies Division at Ames.Worden is currently president, Alfred M. Worden, Inc., an energy management services company, subsidiary of Bowmar Instrument Corporation, Palm Beach, Florida; director, Energy Management Programs, Northwood Institute, Midland, Michigan, and vice president, High Flight Foundation, Colorado Springs, Colorado.</text>
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<text>NAME: Walter M. Schirra (Captain, USN, Ret.)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 12, 1923, in Hackensack, New Jersey.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 185 pounds.EDUCATION: Schirra graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1945 and Naval Flight Training, Pensacola, Florida in 1947. Honorary Doctorate in Astronautical Engineering, Lafayette College; Honorary Doctorate in Astronautics, Newark College of Engineering; Honorary Doctorate in Science, University of Southern California. (NASA Astronaut Training, beginning April 1959 - ending July 1969).MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Josephine Fraser of Seattle, Washington.CHILDREN: Walter M., III, June 23, 1950; Suzanne, September 29, 1957.RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES: His hobbies include skiing, hunting, sailing, and fishing.OTHER ACTIVITIES: Director, Rocky Mountain Airways; U.S. Department of Interior Advisory Board on National Parks, Historical Sites and Monuments; Honorary Belgian Consul, Colorado; Director, Electromedics, Colorado and Director Watt Count, Nashville, Tennessee.ORGANIZATIONS: 33 Mason; Fellow, Society of Engineering Test Pilots; Fellow, American Astronautical Society.SPECIAL HONORS: U.S. Distinguished Service Medal; three DFCs; two Air Medals; two NASA DSMs; two NASA Exceptional Service Medals; Navy Astronaut Wings; Collier Trophy; Kitty Hawk Award; Great American Award; Golden Key Award; Haley Astronautic Award; Aerospace Hall of Fame.EXPERIENCE:1948-1959: Pilot, Officer, United States Navy, Carrier Based Fighter Pilot, Operations Officer and Test Pilot. Flew with the U.S. Air Force as an exchange (Jet Fighter) Pilot during the Korean conflict.1959-1969: One of the original seven astronauts and only astroaut to have flown on all three spacecraft - Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. As Command Pilot, he flew the initial flight of the Apollo series (Apollo 7) and was deeply involved in the quality assurance and quality control aspects of the "total vehicle system."1969-1970: Following retirement from the U.S. Navy and NASA, Schirra accepted the Presidency of Regency Investors, Inc., a major financial complex and world-wide leasing company based in Denver, Colorado. Regency specialized in leasing oil completion equipment, jet transport aircraft and major facilities.1970-1972: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the ECOO Corp., an environmental control company. As head of ECCO Corp., Schirra was instrumental in forming a new concept in environmental management. ECOO was designed to provide quick reaction to the environmental problems of government, industry and private business and the application of systems management techniques to their solution.January 1973: Elected Vice Chairman of the Board, SERNCO, Inc.July 1973: Elected Chairman of the Board, SERNCO, Inc.January 1975: Director of Technology Purchase, Johns-Manville Corporation.October 1976: Director, Power Plant and Aerospace Systems, Johns-Manville.January 1978: Vice President, Development, Goodwin Company, Inc.January 1979: President, Schirra Enterprises.</text>
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<text>NAME: Russell L. "Rusty" SchweickartBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 25, 1935 in Neptune, New Jersey. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Schweickart, reside in spring Hill, Florida.EDUCATION: Graduated from Manasquan High School, New Jersey; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering and a master of science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Clare G. Whitfield of Atlanta, Georgia.CHILDREN: Vicki, Randolph, Russell, Elin and Diana.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies are bicycling, backpacking, hunting and fishing.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the America Astronautical Society; Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and a member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Exploreers Club, and Sigma Xi.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Distinguished Services Medal (1969), the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1973), the Federation Aeronuatique Internationale De La Vaux Medal (1970), and the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Special Trustees Award (1969).EXPERIENCE: Schweickart was named Chairman of the California Energy Commission by Governor Edmund G. Brown, Jr., on August 24, 1979. The Energy Commission consists of five commissioners and staff responsible for power plant siting, energy supply and demand forecasts, conservation, and development of alternative energy sources. Schweickart was appointed to the Commission in July 1979.Prior to his present assignment, Schweickart served on Governor Brown's staff as Assistant to the Governor for Science and Technology. In that capacity, he fostered the use of new technologies by state agencies. He also served as liaison with California's important aerospace and electronics industry as well as federal research and development agencies. Schweickart was responsible for overseeing the state's emergency services and National Guard programs. Following the incident at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant, he headed a Task Force which made recommendations on emergency preparedness for nuclear plant accidents.During his tenure at the Governor's Office, Schweickart was on leave from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. He resigned from that Agency in July 1979 to accept his current appointment.NASA EXPERIENCE: Schweickart came to NASA as one of the 14 astronauts named in October 1963. He served as lunar module pilot for Apollo 9, March 3-13, 1969, logging 241 hours in space. This was the third manned flight in the Apollo series, the second to be launched by a Saturn V and the first manned flight of the lunar module. With him on the flight into Earth orbit were James A. McDivitt, spacecraft commander, and David R. Scott, command module pilot. During a 46-minute EVA, Schweickart tested the portable life support backpack subsequently used on the lunar surface explorations.Schweickart served as backup commander for the first Skylab mission which flew in the Spring of 1973. Following the loss of the thermal shield during the launch of the Skylab vehicle, he assumed responsibility for the development of hardware and procedures associated with erecting the emergency solar shade and deploying the jammed solar array wing.After the Skylab program, Schweickart went to NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. as Director of User Affairs in the Office of Applications. In this position he was responsible for transferring NASA technology to the outside world and working with technology users to bring an understanding of their needs into NASA's program. Schweickart also worked on policies for space shuttle payload operations.Prior to joining NASA, Schweickart was a research scientist at the Experimental Astronomy Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and his work there involved research upper atmospheric physics, star tracking and stabilization of stellar images. His thesis for a master's degree at MIT concerned stratospheric radiance.Schweickart served as pilot in the United States Air Force and Air National Guard from 1956 to 1963.He has logged 4,200 hours flight time, including 3,500 in jet aircraft.</text>
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<text> Kathryn D. Sullivan, PhD Paterson, NJ (10-3-51) BS (UC/Santa Cruz);PhD (Dalhousie/Halifax, Nova Scotia) STS 41-G,STS-31,STS-45</text>
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<text>NAME: Kathryn D. Sullivan (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 3, 1951, in Paterson, New Jersey, but considers Woodland Hills, California to be her hometown. Her father, Donald P. Sullivan, resides in Cupertino, California; her mother, Barbara K. Sullivan, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 6 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Taft High School, Woodland Hills, California, in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Earth Sciences from the University of California, Santa Cruz, in 1973, and a Doctorate in Geology from Dalhousie University (Halifax, Nova Scotia) in 1978. Awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Dalhousie in 1985.MARITAL STATUS: Unmarried.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, squash, bicycling, backpacking, and reading in her spare time.ORGANlZATlONS: Appointed to the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel in 1988. In March 1985, Dr. Sullivan was appointed by President Reagan to the National Commission on Space. The Commission's report, entitled "Pioneering the Space Frontier," laid out goals for U.S. civilian space activities over the next 25 years. She is also a member of the Geological Society of America, the American Geophysical Union, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Explorers Club, the Society of Woman Geographers, and the Sierra Club.SPECIAL HONORS: NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1988); Ten Outstanding Young People of the World Award, Jaycees International (1987); Ten Outstanding Young Americans Award, U.S. Jaycees (1987); National Air and Space Museum Trophy, Smithsonian Institution (1985); NASA Space Flight Medal (1984).EXPERIENCE: Much of Dr.Sullivan's efforts prior to joining NASA have been concentrated in academic study and research. She was an earth sciences major at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and spent 1971-1972 as an exchange student at the University of Bergen, Norway. Her bachelor's degree (with honors) was awarded in 1973.Her doctoral studies at Dalhousie University included participation in a variety of oceanographic expeditions, under the auspices of the U.S. Geological Survey, Wood's Hole Oceanographic Institute, and the Bedford Institute. Her research included the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Newfoundland Basin, and fault zones off the Southern California Coast. She taught undergraduate tutorials at Dalhousie University during 1973-1975 and worked for Geological Survey of Canada as a research student during the summer of 1975 The subject of her doctoral thesis was the evolution of the continental margin and deep seafloor east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.Dr Sullivan is an Oceanography Officer in the U.S. Naval Reserve, currently holding the rank of LieutenantCommander.She is a private pilot, rated in powered and glider aircraft.In 1985, Dr Sullivan became an Adjunct Professor of Geology at Rice University, Houston, Texas.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Dr. Sullivan became an astronaut in August 1979. Her Shuttle support assignments have included software development for STS-1 and 2; lead chase photographer for STS-2 launch and landing; Orbiter and cargo test, checkout and launch support at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, for STS-3 through 6; EVA and spacesuit support crew for STS-7 and STS-8. Dr. Sullivan worked as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in support of STS-26, STS-27, and STS-29. A two-flight veteran, Dr. Sullivan served as a mission specialist on STS-41G, October 5-13, 1984, and more recently on STS-31, April 24-29, 1990.Since joining NASA, Dr. Sullivan's research interests have focused on remote sensing and planetary geology. She qualified as a systems engineer operator in NASA's WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft in 1978 and has participated in several remote sensing projects in Alaska. She was a Coinvestigator on the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) experiment, which she flew on mission STS-41G, and is also working on SlR-C.Her first mission, STS-41G, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984, carrying the largest crew to fly to date. During their eight-day mission, the crew deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the earth with the OSTA-3 pallet (including the SIR-B radar, FILE, and MAPS experiments) and Large Format Camera (LFC), conducted a satellite refueling demonstration using hydrazine fuel with the Orbital Refueling System (ORS), and conducted numerous in-cabin experiments as well as activating eight Getaway Special canisters. Dr. Sullivan and Commander Leestma also successfully conducted a 3-1/2 hour Extravehicular Activity (EVA) to demonstrate the feasibility of actual satellite refueling, making her the first U.S. woman to perform an EVA. STS-41G completed 132 orbits of the earth in 197.5 hours, before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 13, 1984More recently, Dr. Sullivan served on the crew of STS-31 which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 24, 1990. During this five-day mission, crew members aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery deployed the Hubble Space Telescope, and conducted a variety of middeck experiments involving the study of protein crystal growth, polymer membrane processing, and the effects of weightlessness and magnetic fields on an ion arc. They also operated a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in-cabin and cargo bay cameras, for earth observations from their record setting altitude of 380 miles. Following 76 orbits of the earth in 121 hours, STS-31 Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 29, 1990.With the completion of her second mission, Dr. Sullivan has logged a total of 318.5 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: In Sept. 1989, Dr. Sullivan was selected as a mission specialist and payload commander on the crew of STS-45. During this nine-day mission, the crew of Columbia will conduct atmospheric studies in order to better understand the effect of solar activity on the Earth's climate and environment. STS-45 is scheduled for launch in the Spring of 1992.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, Ph.D. (Colonel, USAF, Retired) BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 20, 1930, in Montclair, New Jersey.EDUCATION: Graduated frcm Montclair High School, Montclair, New Jersey; received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1951 from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, graduating third in his class; and a Doctorate of Science in Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. His thesis was "Guidance for Manned Orbital Rendezvous." Aldrin has honorary degrees from six colleges and universities.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Lois Driggs Cannon of Phoenix. Their combined family is comprised of six grown children and one grandson.CHILDREN: J. Michael, September 2, 1955; Janice R., August 16, 1957;Andrew J., June 17, 1958.NASA EXPERIENCE: Aldrin was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963.On November 11, 1966, he and command pilot James Lovell were launched into space in the Gemini 12 spacecraft on a four-day flight which brought the Gemini program to a successful close. Aldrin established a new record for extravehicular activity (EVA), spending 5-1/2 hours outside the spacecraft.He served as lunar module pilot for Apollo 11, July 16-24, 1969, the first manned lunar landing mission. Aldrin followed Neil Armstrong onto the lunar surface on July 20, 1969, completing a 2 hour and 15 minute lunar EVA. In July 1971, Aldrin resigned from NASA. Aldrin has logged 289 hours and 53 minutes in space, of which 7 hours and 52 minutes was spent in EVA.EXPERIENCE: Prior to joining NASA, Aldrin flew 66 combat missions in F-86's while on duty in Korea. At Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, he served as an aerial gunnery instructor. Following his assignment as aide to the dean of faculty at the Air Force Academy, Aldrin flew F-100's as a flight commander at Bitburg, Germany. He then went on to receive a doctorate at MIT, and was then assigned to the Gemini Target Office of the Air Force Space Systems Division, Los Angeles. In March 1972, Aldrin retired from Air Force active duty, after 21 years of service. As a USAF jet fighter pilot during the Korean War, he shot down two MIG 15 aircraft.Since retiring from NASA, the Air Force, and his position as commander of the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1972, he authored an autobiography, RETURN TO EARTH. Aldrin has remained at the forefront of efforts to ensure a continued leading role for America in manned space exploration to advance his life-long commitment to venturing outward in space. He is creating a master plan of evolving missions for sustained exploration utilizing his concepts of perpetual cycling orbits and a tetrahedron design for star craft and star ports.In addition, he lectures throughout the world on his unique perspective of America's future in space. He has just authored a book about the Apollo Program entitled MEN FROM EARTH.SPECIAL HONORS: Aldrin has received numerous decorations and awards, including the Presidential Medal for Freedom in 1969, the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, and the Harmon International Trophy in 1967.Aldrin is currently the president of Research and Engineering Consultants, Inc. in Laguana Beach, California.MAY 1989</text>
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<text> Pierre J. Thuot, Lt. Cmd., USN Groton, CN (5-19-55) BS (Naval Acad.); MS (USC) STS-36, STS-49</text>
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<text>NAME: Sherwood C. "Woody" Spring (Colonel, USA) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 3, 1944, in Hartford, Connecticut, but considers Harmony, Rhode Island, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Spring, reside in Stuart, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Light brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 7 inches; weight: 140 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Ponaganset High School, Chepachet, Rhode Island, in 1963; received a bachelor of science degree in General Engineering from the United States Military Academy in 1967 and a master of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Arizona in 1974. Graduated from the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School in 1976.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Collette D. Cooper of Tucson, Arizona.CHILDREN: Sarah Elizabeth, July18, 1981; Justin Edward, March 11, 1984.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, scuba diving, river running, skiing, and carpentry.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the United States Army Association; and lifetime member of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy.SPECIAL HONORS: A Distinguished Flying Cross, two Army Bronze Stars, a Army Meritorious Service Medal, three Army Commendations, nine Army Air Medals, a Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, a National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medals, and a NASA Space Flight Medal. Recipient, in 1986, of two honorary doctorate degrees; Doctor of Science, and Doctor of Humane Letters.EXPERIENCE: After graduation from West Point in 1967, Spring spent an additional year attending various military schools including microwave and radio communications, airborne and ranger training. Then he served two tours of duty in Vietnam. The first was from 1968 to 1969 with the 101st Airborne Division. The second tour, 1970-1971, came immediately after flight school and was served as a helicopter pilot with the 1st Cavalry Division. Upon return, he received fixed wing training enroute to a master's degree program with the University of Arizona in 1974. After a short tour at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as a flight test engineer, he attended the Navy Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland. He then returned to the Army's Flight Test Facility at Edwards AFB to complete four years as an experimental test pilot. He was serving as operations officer for the l9th Aviation Battalion in Korea, when advised of his selection by NASA.He has military and civilian experience in 25 types of airplanes and helicopters and has logged more than 3,500 hours flying time, including over 1,500 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Spring was selected as an astronaut in May 1980. His technical assignments have included software verification at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory and Flight Simulation Laboratory; vehicle and satellite integration at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, for STS-5, 6, 7, 8, and 9; Astronaut Office EVA (Extra Vehicular Activity) expert; and Space Station construction, EVA maintenance, and design. Spring served as a mission specialist on STS 61-B which flew November 26 thru December 3, 1985. During that mission he was responsible for launching three communications satellites and performed two spacewalks or Extravehicular Activities (EVAs). The EVAs, which totaled more than 12 hours, investigated Space Station construction techniques, large structure manipulation while on the end of the remote arm, and a time and motion study for comparison between Earth training and Space performance.With the completion of this flight, he has logged a total of 165 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Spring is currently assigned technical duties within the Astronaut Office and is a candidate for future space flight.MARCH 1988</text>
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<text>NAME: Pierre J. Thuot (pronounced THOO-it) (Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 19, 1955, in Groton, Connecticut, but considers Fairfax, Virginia, and NewBedford, Massachusetts, to be his hometowns. His parents, Capt. and Mrs. Clifford G. Thuot, Sr., (USNR, Ret.), reside in Fairfax, Virginia.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Fairfax High School, Fairfax, Virginia, in 1973; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1977, and a master of science degree in Systems Management from the University of Southern California in 1985.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Cheryl Ann Mattingly of Leonardtown, Maryland. CHILDREN: Christopher Ryan, August 29, 1991.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, softball, computers, and rock and roll music.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association, the Association of Naval Aviation, theUniversity of Southern California Alumni Association, the Association of Space Explorers-USA, and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.SPECIAL HONORS: NASA Space Flight Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal, Who's Who Among Rising YoungAmericans 1991 and 1992, two Meritorious Unit Commendations, two Battle Efficiency Awards (VF-14), the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon, and the National Defense Service Medal.EXPERIENCE: Thuot graduated 30th in his class from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1977 and commenced Naval FlightOfficer training in July 1977. He received his wings in August 1978 and then reported to Fighter Squadron 101 at NAS Oceana, Virginia Beach, Virginia, for initial F-14 Tomcat training as a Radar Intercept Officer (RIO). Upon completion of this training, he was assigned to Fighter Squadron 14 and made overseas deployments to the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas aboard the USS JOHN F. KENNEDY and USS INDEPENDENCE. While assigned to Fighter Squadron 14, he attended the Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN). He was then selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in May 1982. Upon graduation in June 1983, he worked as a project test flight officer at the Naval Air Test Center flying the F-14A Tomcat, A-6E Intruder and the F-4J Phantom 11 until June 1984 when he returned to the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School as a flight instructor.He has over 2,600 flight hours in more than 40 different aircraft, and has over 270 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1985, Thuot became an astronaut in July 1986. He qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. From January 1986 until August 1987, he was assigned to the Mission Development Branch within the Astronaut Office. During that time he participated in the design, development and evaluation of Space Shuttle payloads and crew equipment that had extravehicular activity (EVA) interfaces or interfaced with the Space Shuttle's Remote Manipulator System (RMS). He was then assigned to the Mission Support Branch within the Astronaut Office. His duties included Space Shuttle flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), and Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center for STS-26, STS-27, STS 28, STS-29, and STS-30 on-orbit operations. As CAPCOM he was responsible for communications with the Shuttle crew during training simulations and actual missions. He has also served as the Astronaut Office representative for flight crew equipment, crew escape, EVA and satellite servicing.Thuot was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-36 which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990, aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. This mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. Following 72 orbits of the earth, the STS-36 mission concluded with a lakebed landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 4, 1990, after traveling 1.87 million miles. With the completion of his first mission, Thuot has logged a total of 106 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Thuot is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-49. During this eight-day mission, crew members will perform an Extravehicular Activity (EVA or space walk) to retrieve the Intelsat Vl F3 communications satellite, attach it to a new booster, and redeploy it. Two additional EVAs will be performed to conduct an extensive evaluation of EVA techniques to be employed during the assembly of Space Station Freedom. STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992 and will be the maiden voyage of the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.SEPTEMBER 1991</text>
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<text> L. Blaine Hammond, Jr., Maj., USAF Savannah, GA (1-16-52) BS (Air Force Academy); MS STS-39</text>
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<text>NAME: Manley Lanier "Sonny" Carter, Jr. (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 15, 1947, in Macon, Georgia, but considers Warner Robins, Georgia, to be his hometown. His father, Manley L. Carter, Sr., resides in Warner Robins, Georgia. His mother, Elizabeth C. Carter, is deceasedPHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 1/2 inch; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Lanier High School, Macon, Georgia, in 1965; received a bachelor of arts degree in Chemistry from Emory University in 1969, and a doctorate of Medicine from Emory University in 1973.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Dana Powell of Jacksonville, Florida. CHILDREN: Olivia Elizabeth, May 27, 1974; Meredith Corvette, December 3, 1976.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys wrestling, golf, tennis, L.A. Dodger baseball, and old movies. Carter was a professional soccer player from 1970-73 for the Atlanta Chiefs of the NASL.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of U.S. Navy Flight Surgeons, Alpha Omega Alpha, Sigma Delta Psi, Alpha Tau Omega, and the Tailhook Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Air Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Navy Achievement Medal, Meritorious Unit Citation, Stephen Decatur Award 1981 (USNL), Marine Corps Aviation Association Special Category Award 1982, and NASA Meritorious Service Medal 1988.EXPERIENCE: Carter graduated from medical school in June 1973 and completed a straight internal medicine internship at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. In July 1974, he entered the U.S. Navy and completed flight surgeon school in Pensacola, Florida. After serving tours as a flight surgeon with the 1st and 3rd Marine Air Wings, he returned to flight training in Beeville, Texas, and was designated a Naval Aviator in April 1978. He was assigned as the senior medical officer of USS Forrestal, and in March 1979 completed F-4 training at VMFAT101 Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma, Arizona. He was subsequently reassigned as a fighter pilot to duty flying F-4 phantoms with Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 333 at MCAS Beaufort, South Carolina. In 1981 he completed a nine-month Mediterranean cruise aboard USS Forrestal with VMFA-115. In September 1982, he attended U.S. Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN) and then served as 2nd Marine Air Wing standardization officer and F-4 combat readiness evaluator at MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina. He then attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, graduating in June 1984.He has logged 2,400 flying hours and 160 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Carter became an astronaut in June 1985. He qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Carter was assigned as Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Representative for the Mission Development Branch of the Astronaut Office when selected to the crew of STS-33. The STS-33 crew launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989, aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79 orbits of the earth, this five-day mission concluded on November 27,1989 with a hard surface landing on Runway 4 at Edwards Air Force Base, California.With the completion of his first mission, Carter has logged 120 hours in space.Captain Carter is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-42, the first International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1).FEBRUARY 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: L. Blaine Hammond, Jr. (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 16, 1952, in Savannah, Georgia, but considers St. Louis, Missouri, as his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd B. Hammond, Sr., reside in Stuart, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 190 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Kirkwood High School, Kirkwood, Missouri, in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Science and Mechanics from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1973, and a master of science degree in Engineering Science and Mechanics from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: SingleCHILDREN: Son, Michael Blaine, June 20, 1987.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys tennis, golf, racquetball, squash, snow skiing, sailing, and scuba diving.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Air Force Academy Association of Graduates, Air Force Association, and the Order of Daedalians.SPECIAL HONORS: Distinguished Graduate USAF Academy, Commander's Trophy, and Flying Training Award in Undergraduate Pilot Training.EXPERIENCE: Hammond received his pilot wings at Reese Air Force Base, Texas, in l975. He was assigned to the 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Hahn Air Base, Germany, flying the F-4E. In 1979-1980, he flew the F-5B/E/F at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, training foreign students. He attended the Empire Test Pilot School (ETPS) at A&AEE Boscombe Down, United Kingdom, in 1981. Hammond returned to Edwards Air Force Base, California, in 1982, where he managed several projects in the 6512 Test Squadron until being assigned as an instructor at the USAF Test Pilot School. As a test pilot school instructor, he flew the F-4/A-7/A-37 and was the High Angle of Attack program monitor, teaching stall/spin theory and flight training.He has logged over 3,500 hours in 15 American and 10 RAF aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Hammond became an astronaut qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews in June 1985. His technical assignments include having served as the backup Ascent and prime Entry CAPCOM for STS-26. In that capacity he was directly involved in the decision making process of flight rules, procedures, techniques, and launch commit criteria. He is presently assigned to Astronaut Support Personnel (ASP). As an ASP or "Cape Crusader," he is responsible for monitoring the status of OV-104 (Atlantis) as it undergoes maintenance preparations to ready it for its next flight, and is part of a team which sets up the correct cockpit configuration just prior to launch, and then reconfigures the cockpit immediately after landing.Col. Hammond flew as pilot for Discovery on STS-39, an unclassified DOD mission from April 28, 1991 through May 6, 1991. He logged 199 hours and 23 minutes of space flight. The seven member crew performed numerous scientific experiments to collect data on atmospheric infared and ultraviolet phenomena in support of SDIO.MAY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Roy D. Bridges, Jr. (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 19, 1943, in Atlanta, Georgia, but considers Gainesville, Georgia, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Roy D. Bridges, Sr., reside in Gainesville.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Red hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 145 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Gainesville High School, Gainesville, Georgia, in 1961; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Science from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965 and a master of science in Astronautics from Purdue University in 1966.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Benita Louise Allbaugh of Tucson, Arizona. CHILDREN: Tanya M., March 12, 1970; Brian N., May 23, 1974.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys jogging, camping, backpacking, and flying.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots; and life member of the Air Force Academy Association of Graduates.SPECIAL HONORS: Three Air Force Distinguished Flying Crosses, 15 Air Medals, an Air Force Commendation Medal, an Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, An Air Force Systems Command Certificate of Merit (for selection as the AFSC nominee for the Jabara Award for Airmanship in 1974), Distinguished Graduate of the USAF Academy, Distinguished Graduate of USAF Pilot Training, Top Graduate of the USAF Test Pilot School, and a Distinguished Graduate of the Air Command and Staff College. Recipient of NASA Certificate of Commendation.EXPERIENCE: After graduating from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965, Bridges attended Purdue University in residence to complete the requirements for his master of science degree. He then entered and completed pilot training at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona. He was assigned to the 524th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Clovis AFB, New Mexico, in 1967 as an F-100 pilot. During 1968 he flew 226 combat missions in the F-100 while a member of the 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron and Commando Sabre Operation at Phu Cat Air Base in the Republic of Vietnam. In 1969, Bridges returned to the United States as a pilot instructor assigned to the 3575th Pilot Training Squadron at Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma, and in 1970 attended the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He remained at Edwards following graduation in 1971 for an assignment as test pilot with the Air Force Flight Test Center. He was involved in a number of aircraft test projects including the A-X flyoff and subsequent test and evaluation of the A-10.In 1975, he entered the Air Command and Staff College and subsequently went to work for the deputy chief of staff for research and development at Headquarters USAF in Washington, D.C. While at the Pentagon, he participated in development and acquisition programs for F-15 and A-10 aircraft and served as a special assistant to the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research and Development. He was assigned to Detachment 3 of the Air Force Flight Test Center as a special projects officer when informed of his selection by NASA.He has logged more than 3,800 hours flying time in the following aircraft: T-2, T-28, T-33, T-37, T-38, T-41, A-37, A-7, A-9, A-10, B-26, B-52, B-57, F-100, F-104, NF-104, F-106,F-4, KC-135, and G-2 (Shuttle Training Aircraft).NASA EXPERIENCE: Bridges was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1980, and completed a one-year training and evaluation period in August 1981. He was backup entry spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-4 and the primary entry CAPCOM for ST5-5 and STS-6. In addition, he was primary ascent CAPCOM for STS-7.Bridges was the pilot on the Spacelab-2 mission (STS Sl-F) which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985. He was accompanied by Col. Charles G. Fullerton (spacecraft commander), three mission specialists, Drs. Anthony W. England, Karl G. Henize, and F. Story Musgrave, as well as two payload specialists, Drs Loren Acton, and John-David Bartoe. This mission was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments of which seven were in the field of astronomy and solar physics, three were for studies of the Earth's ionosphere, two were life science experiments, and one studied the properties of superfluid helium. After 126 orbits of the earth, STS 51-F Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 6, 1985. With the completion of this flight, Bridges has logged 188 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Col. Bridges has been assigned as the pilot on STS 61-F scheduled for launch on May 15, 1986. This mission will deploy the Ulysses spacecraft with a high energy Centaur upper stage. This will be the first flight of the NASA-provided Centaur which will boost the Ulysses into a heliocentric orbit timed to swing-by the planet Jupiter in July 1987. The gravitational field of Jupiter will be used to deflect Ulysses into an out-of-ecliptic trajectory which will result in passage over the polar regions of the Sun in 1989-91. The primary mission of the European Space Agency-provided Ulysses will be an investigation of the properties of the Sun, the solar wind, and the heliosphere as a function of latitude. This will be the first data obtained from the solar polar regions.SEPTEMBER 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: David M. Walker (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 20,1944, in Columbus, Georgia, but considers Eustis, Florida, to be his hometown. His mother, Mrs. Walter Rundle, resides there.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Red hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Eustis High School, Eustis, Florida, in 1962; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1966.MARITAL STATUS: Single.CHILDREN: Michael, March 11, 1969; Matt, September 15, 1971.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys reading, music and a variety of sports.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Distinguished Flying Cross, six Navy Air Medals, the Battle Efficiency Ribbon, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, the NASA Space Flight Medal, the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, the Vietnam Service Medal, and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Naval Institute, the Naval Academy Alumni Association, and the Museum of Naval Aviation Foundation.EXPERIENCE: Walker graduated from Annapolis and subsequently received flight training from the NavalAviation Training Command at bases in Florida, Mississippi, and Texas. He was designated a naval aviator in December 1967 and proceeded to Naval Air Station Miramar, California, for assignment F-4 Phantoms aboard the carriers USS ENTERPRISE and USS AMERICA. From December 1970 to 1971, he attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and was subsequently assigned in January 1972 as an experimental and engineering test pilot in the flight test division at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland. While there, he participated in the Navy's preliminary evaluation and Board of Inspection and Survey trials of the F-14 Tomcat and tested a leading edge slat modification to the F-4 Phantom. He then attended the U.S. Navy Safety Officer School at Monterey, California, and completed replacement pilot training in the F-14 Tomcat at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. In 1975, Walker was assigned to Fighter Squadron 142, stationed at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia, as a fighter pilot and was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea twice aboard the USS AMERICA.He has logged more than 5,500 hours flying time, including 5,000 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Walker became an astronaut in August 1979, qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments since then include: Astronaut Office Safety Officer; Deputy Chief of Aircraft Operations; STS-1 chase pilot; software verification at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); mission support group leader for STS-5 and 6, Assistant to the Director, Flight Crew Operations; leader of the astronaut support crew at Kennedy Space Center; and Branch Chief, Space Station Design and Development; and Special Manager for Assembly, Space Station Project Office.Walker was pilot on the crew of STS 51-A which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 8, 1984. This was the second flight of the Orbiter Discovery. During the mission, the crew deployed two satellites, Canada's Anik D-2 (Telesat H), and Hughes' LEASAT-1 (Syncom IV-1), and operated the Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME) device, and the 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS) experiment. In the first space salvage mission in history, the crew also retrieved for return to earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar Vl satellites. STS 51-A completed 127 orbits of the earth before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 16, 1984.As commander of STS-30, Walker and his crew launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 4, 1989, aboard the Orbiter Atlantis. During the four-day mission, crew members successfully deployed the Magellan Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle. Magellan is scheduled to arrive at Venus in mid1990, and will map the entire surface of Venus, for the first time, using specialized radar instruments. In addition, crew members also worked on secondary payloads involving fluid research in general, chemistry and electrical storm studies. Following 64 orbits of the earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with the first cross-wind landing test of the Shuttle Orbiter at Edwards Air Force Base, California on May 8, 1989.With the completion of his second flight, Walker has logged a total of 289 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Walker will command a five member crew on STS-53, a Department of Defense mission scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: William F. Readdy NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 24, 1952, in Quonset Point, Rhode Island, but considers McLean, Virginia, to be his hometown. His father, Capt. Francis J. Readdy, USN (Ret.), resides in McLean. His mother, Mrs. Peggy J. Readdy, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 185 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from McLean High School, McLean, Virginia, in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering (with honors) from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Colleen Nevius. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys sailing, racquet sports, and soaring.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Navy Commendation Medal, Navy Expeditionary medal, National Defense Service Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, and various unit and service awards. Distinguished graduate, U.S. Naval Test Pilot School. U.S. Naval Test Pilot School Instructor of the Year (1984).EXPERIENCE: Readdy graduated from Annapolis in 1974, and was designated a Naval Aviator in September 1975 atBeeville, Texas. Following replacement training in the A-6 Intruder at VA-42 NAS Oceana, Virginia, he joined Attack Squadron 85 aboard USS FORRESTAL deployed to the North Atlantic and Mediterranean from 1976 until 1980. Upon completion of the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland, he served as A-6 Program Manager and Project Pilot on a variety of test programs while assigned to the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate. Following a short tour as an instructor pilot at the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, he reported, in 1984, to the USS CORAL SEA, on Caribbean and Mediterranean deployments as a strike operations officer, flying A-6 and F/A-18 Hornet aircraft. In October 1986, Readdy accepted a reserve commission to join NASA as a research pilot. He is affiliated with the U.S. Naval Reserve, in which he currently holds the rank of Commander, and is assigned as an instructor pilot in the A-6 Intruder flying from Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia.He has logged over 4,500 flying hours in over 50 types of fixed wing and helicopters and over 550 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Readdy joined NASA's Johnson Space Center in October 1986 as an aerospace engineer and instructor pilot at Ellington Field, Houston, Texas. Prior to his selection for the astronaut program, he served as Program Manager for the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft. Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Readdy became an astronaut in August 1988 and is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments to date include various Orbiter subsystems, particularly the Auxiliary Power Units (APU), fuel cells, and electrical power and distribution system.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Readdy is currently assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-42, the first International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1) and is also detailed to the Orbiter Project staff overseeing the construction of OV-105 and various Orbiter modifications and program improvements.FEBRUARY 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Mary L. Cleave (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 5, 1947, in Southampton, New York. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. Howard E. Cleave, reside in Williamstown, Massachusetts.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 2 inches; weight: 103 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Great Neck North High School, Great Neck, New York, in 1965; received a bachelor of science degree in Biological Sciences from Colorado State University in 1969, and a master of science in Microbial Ecology and a doctorate in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Utah State University in 1975 and 1979, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Unmarried.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys cross-country and downhill skiing, sailing, hiking, and camping.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Texas Society of Professional Engineers, the Water Pollution Control Federation, Tri-Beta, Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi; associate member of the American Society of Civil Engineers.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of NASA Space Flight Medal (1985), and NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1988).EXPERIENCE: Dr. Cleave held graduate research, research phycologist, and research engineer assignments in theEcology Center and the Utah Water Research Laboratory at Utah State University from September 1971 to June 1980. Her work included research on the productivity of the algal component of cold desert soil crusts in the Great Basin Desert south of Snowville, Utah; algal removal with intermittent sand filtration and prediction of minimum river flow necessary to maintain certain game fish; the effects of increased salinity and oil shale leachates on freshwater phytoplankton productivity; development of the Surface Impoundment Assessment document and computer program (FORTRAN) for current and future processing of data from surface impoundments in Utah; and design and implementation of an algal bioassay center and a workshop for bioassay techniques for the Intermountain West. In conjunction with her research efforts, she has published numerous scientific papers.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Cleave was selected as an astronaut in May 1980. Her technical assignments have included flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), CAPCOM on five Space Shuttle flights, Malfunctions Procedures Book, and Crew Equipment Design.Dr. Cleave was a mission specialist on the crew of STS 61-B which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 26, 1985. During this mission, crew members deployed the MORELOS-B, AUSSAT 11, and SATCOM K-2 communications satellites, conducted two six-hour spacewalks to demonstrate Space Station construction techniques with the EASE/ACCESS experiments, operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis (CFES) experiment for McDonnell Douglas and a Getaway Special (GAS) container for Telesat, Canada, conducted several Mexican Payload Specialist Experiments for the Mexican Government, and tested the Orbiter Experiments Digital Autopilot (OEX DAP). This was the heaviest payload weight carried to orbit by the Space Shuttle to date. After completing 108 orbits of the Earth in 165 hours, STS 61-B Atlantis landed on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 3, 1985.On her second flight, Dr. Cleave was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-30 which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 4, 1989, aboard the Orbiter Atlantis. During this four-day mission, crew members successfully deployed the Magellan Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle. Magellan is scheduled toarrive at Venus in mid-1990, and will map the entire surface of Venus. In addition, crew members also worked on secondary payloads involving Indium crystal growth, electrical storm, and earth observation studies. Following 64 orbits of the earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on May 8, 1989.With the completion of this flight, Dr. Cleave has logged a total of 262 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Cleave is detailed to Engineering at the Johnson Space Center where she serves as Special Assistant for Advanced Programs in the Crew Systems and Thermal Division.JUNE 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Ronald J. Grabe (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 13, 1945, in New York, New York. His mother, Mrs. Martha Grabe, resides in Lakewood, New Jersey.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 185 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Stuyvesant High School, New York, New York, in 1962; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Science from the United States Air Force Academy in 1966; studied Aeronautics as a Fulbright Scholar at the Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt, West Germany, in 1967.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Marijo A Landon. CHILDREN: Hilary, December 25, 1974; and Alison, March 9, 1979.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, wind surfing, and racquet sports.SPECIAL HONORS: The Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal with seven Oak Leaf Clusters, the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, the Liethen-Tittle Award (for Outstanding Student at the USAF Test Pilot School), the Royal Air Force Cross, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, and the NASA Space Flight Medal.EXPERIENCE: Upon graduating from the Air Force Academy in 1966, Grabe went to Darmstadt, West Germany, as a Fulbright Scholar. He returned to the States in 1967 to complete pilot training at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. He subsequently flew F-l 00 aircraft with the 27th Tactical Fighter Wing at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico, and in 1969 was assigned as an F-100 pilot with the 3d Tactical Fighter Wing at Bien Hoa Air Base in the Republic of Vietnam where he flew 200 combat missions. In 1970, he was reassigned to the 27th Tactical Fighter Wing at Cannon Air Force Base to fly F-100 and F-111 aircraft. He participated in the operational test and evaluation of the weapons system of the F-lllD aircraft. Grabe attended the USAF Test Pilot School in 1974 and upon graduating in 1975 was assigned to the Air Force Flight Test Center as a test pilot for the A-7 and F-111. He was the program manager and chief project pilot for the Air Force's digital flight control system for tactical fighters (DIGITAC) evaluation. He later served as an exchange test pilot with the Royal Air Force at Boscombe Down, United Kingdom, from 1976 to 1979. During this tour of duty, he served as the chief project pilot for the Royal Air Force Harrier and the Royal Navy Sea Harrier. He was an instructor at the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, when advised of his selection by NASA.He has logged more than 4,500 hours flying time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Grabe became a NASA Astronaut in August 1981. He served as a chief verification pilot for ST5-3 and ST5-4 entry guidance, navigation and control simulation testing, as the Deputy Manager for Operations Integration, Space Shuttle Program Office, and subsequently as the Chief of Training within the Astronaut Office.Grabe was the pilot for STS 51-J, the second Space Shuttle Department of Defense mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 3, 1985. This was the maiden voyage of the Atlantis, the final Orbiter in the Shuttle fleet. After 98 hours of orbital operations, Atlantis landed on Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 7, 1985.On his second mission, Grabe was pilot for STS-30 which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, onMay 4, 1989. On board the Orbiter Atlantis during this four-day mission, crew members successfully deployedthe Magellan Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle. Magellan is scheduled to arrive at Venus in mid-1990, and will map the entire surface of Venus, for the first time, using specialized radar instruments. In addition, crew members also worked on secondary payloads involving fluid research in general, chemistry and electrical storm studies. Following 64 orbits of the earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on May 8, 1989.With the completion of his second flight, Grabe has logged a total of 195 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Col. Grabe is assigned as spacecraft commander of STS-42, the first International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1).FEBRUARY 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Karol J. Bobko (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in New York, New York, on December 23, 1937. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Bobko, reside in Gulf Harbors, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 195 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School, New York; received a bachelor of science degree from the Air Force Academy in 1959, and a master of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former F. Dianne Welsh of Denver, Colorado. Her mother, Mrs. Ann Frances Welsh, resides in Denver.CHILDREN: Michelle A., February 8,1963; Paul J., December 1,1965.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded three NASA Space Flight Medals, two NASA Exceptional Service Medals and six JSC Group Achievement Awards; presented the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross and two Meritorious Service Medals (1970 and 1979). He also received the Air Force Academy Jabara Award for 1983.EXPERIENCE: Bobko, an Air Force Colonel, was a member of the first graduating class of the Air Force Academy. Subsequent to receiving his commission and navigator rating, he attended pilot training at Bartow Air Base, Florida, and Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma. He completed his flight training and received his wings in 1960.From 1961 to 1965, he flew F-100 and F-105 aircraft while assigned as a pilot with the 523d Tactical Fighter Squadron at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico, and the 336th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Seymore Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina. He attended the Aerospace Research Pilots School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and was assigned as an astronaut to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program in 1966.He has logged over 6,600 hours flight time in the F-100, F-104, F-105, T-33, T-38, and other aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Colonel Bobko became a NASA astronaut in September 1969. He was a crew member on the highly successful Skylab Medical Experiments Altitude Test (SMEAT), a 56-day ground simulation of the Skylab mission, which enabled crewmen to collect medical experiments baseline data and evaluate equipment, operations and procedures.Bobko was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). This historic first international, manned space flight was completed in July 1975. Subsequently, he was a member of the support crew for the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests conducted at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He served alternately as CAPCOM and prime chase pilot during these Approach and Landing Test (ALT) flights.In preparation for the first flight of Columbia (STS-l), Colonel Bobko served as the lead astronaut in the test and checkout group at Kennedy Space Center.Colonel Bobko was pilot for STS-6, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 4, 1983. During this maiden voyage of the spacecraft Challenger, the crew deployed a large communications satellite (TDRS) and the rocket stage (IUS) required to boost it to geosynchronous orbit. The STS-6 crew also conducted the first shuttle spacewalk (EVA) and additionally conducted numerous other experiments in materials processing and the recording of lightning activities from space. There were also three Getaway Specials activated on the flight. After 120 hours of orbital operations, STS-6 landed on the concrete runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 9, 1983.On his second mission, Colonel Bobko was the commander of STS 51-D which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 12, 1985. The mission was to deploy two communications satellites, perform electrophoresis and echocardiograph operations in space, in addition to accomplishing other experiments. When one of the communications satellites malfunctioned, a daring attempt was made to activate the satellite which required an additional EVA, rendezvous, and operations with the remote manipulator arm. After 168 hours of orbital operations, Discovery landed on Runway 33 at the Kennedy Space Center on April 19, 1985.Colonel Bobko was next commander of STS 51-J, the second Space Shuttle Department of Defense mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 3, 1985. This was the maiden voyage of the Atlantis, the final Orbiter in the Shuttle fleet. After 98 hours of orbital operations, Atlantis landed on Edwards Air Force Base Lakebed Runway 23 on October 7, 1985.With the completion of this flight Colonel Bobko has logged a total of 386 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Bobko is Assistant for Operations to the Director, Flight Crew Operations, and is a candidate for future spaceflight.MARCH 1988</text>
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<text>NAME: Robert Allan Ridley Parker (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in New York City on December 14, 1936, but grew up in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Gray hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts; received a bachelor of arts degree in Astronomy and Physics from Amherst College in 1958, and a doctorate in Astronomy from the California Institute of Technology in 1962.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Judy Woodruff of San Marino, California.CHILDREN: Mark Woodruff, December 5, 1957; Jennifer Woodruff, November 4, 1958; Jon Woodruff, February 1, 1962; Kimberly Ellen Parker, February 7, 1962; Brian David Capers Parker, March 8, 1964; and five grandchildren.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Astronomical Society, and the International Astronomical Union.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1973), and the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal (1974).EXPERIENCE: Prior to his selection for astronaut training, Dr. Parker was an associate professor of astronomy at the University of Wisconsin.He has logged over 3,500 hours flying time in jet aircraft, and 463 hours in space.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Parker was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He was a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 15 and 17 missions and served as Program Scientist for the Skylab Program Director's Office during the three manned Skylab flights. From March 1988 to March 1989, Dr. Parker was stationed at NASA Headquarters in Washington D.C. where he served as Director of the Space Flight Space Station Integration Office. A veteran of two Spacelab missions, Dr. Parker was a mission specialist on STS-9/ Spacelab-1 (Nov 28 to Dec 8, 1983) and, recently, on STS-35 (Dec 2-10, 1990) which featured the ASTR0-1 ultraviolet astronomy laboratory. Dr. Parker is currently the Director of the Division of Policy and Plans for the Office of Space Flight at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: William G. Gregory (Major, USAF)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 14, 1957, in Lockport, New York. His parents, William and Kathleen Gregory, reside in Gilbert, Arizona. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet lO-1/2 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Lockport Senior High School, Lockport, New York in 1975; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Sciences from the USAF Academy in 1979, a master of science degree in Engineering Mechanics from Columbia University in 1980, and a master of science degree in Management from Troy State in 1984.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Mary Elizabeth Harney of Peoria, Illinois.CHILDREN: William Philip, September 22, 1987; Christina Marie, June 6, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys distance running, tennis, water and snow skiing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the USAF Academy Association of GraduatesSPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, the Air Force Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, and the National Defense Service Medal. He is a Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy, a Guggenheim Fellowship recipient, and is a professional engineer registered in the State of Colorado.EXPERIENCE: Between 1981 and 1986,Gregory served as an operational fighter pilot flying the D and F models of the F-111. In this capacity, he served as an instructor pilot at RAF Lakenheath, U.K., and Cannon AFB, New Mexico. He attended the USAF Test Pilot School in 1987. Between 1988 and 1990, Gregory served as a test pilot at Edwards AFB flying the F-4, A-7D, and all five models of the F-15. Having flown in excess of 40 types of aircraft, Gregory has accumulated 2,000 hours of fighter time, of which nearly half was flown as a test pilot.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Gregory became an Astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned to Space Shuttle flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL).AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Eileen Marie Collins (Major, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTH PLACE AND DATE: Born November 19, 1956, in Elmira, New York. Her parents, James and Rose Marie Collins, reside in Elmira, New York.PHYSlCAL DESCRlPTlON: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 6 inches; weight: 128 pounds:EDUCATION: Graduated from Elmira Free Academy, Elmira, New York, in 1974; received an associate in science degree in Mathematics and Science from Corning Community College in 1976; a bachelor of arts degree in Mathematics and Economics from Syracuse University in 1978; a master of science degree in Operations Research from Stanford University in 1986; and a master of arts degree in Space Systems Management from Webster University in 1989.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Pat Youngs, of San Antonio, Texas. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Running, golf, hiking, camping, reading, photography, and astronomy.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the Air Force Association, Order of Daedalians, Women Military Aviators, U.S. Space Foundation, and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster, the Air Force Commendation Medal with one oak leaf cluster, and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for service in Grenada (Operation Urgent Fury, October 1983).EXPERIENCE: Collins graduated in 1979 from Air Force Undergraduate Pilot Training at Vance AFB, Oklahoma, where she was a T-38 instructor pilot until 1982. From 1983-1985 she was a C-141 aircraft commander and instructor pilot at Travis AFB, California. She spent the following year as a student with the Air Force Institute of Technology. From 1986-1989 she was assigned to the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado where she was an assistant professor in mathematics and a T-41 instructor pilot. She was selected for the astronaut program while attending the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California, from which she graduated in 1990.She has logged over 3,500 hours in 30 different types of aircraft.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Collins became an Astronaut in July 1991. She is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned to orbiter systems in the Operations Development Branch of the Astronaut Office. In this capacity, Major Collins is involved in the operations of and modifications to Orbiter electrical, environmental, power, and propulsion systems.AUGUST 1991 </text>
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<text>NAME: James D. Wetherbee (Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 27, 1952, in Flushing, New York. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Dana A. Wetherbee, reside in Huntington Station, New York.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; gray eyes; height: 6 feet 4 inches; weight: 190 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Holy Family Diocesan High School, South Huntington, New York, in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Robin DeVore Platt of Jacksonville, Florida. CHILDREN: Kelly DeVore, March 28, 1986; Jennifer Marie, September 30, 1987.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys tennis, skiing, softball, racquetball, basketball, running, and music.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Achievement Medal, and two Meritorious Unit Commendations.EXPERIENCE: Wetherbee received his commission in the United States Navy in 1975 and was designated a NavalAviator in December 1976. After training in the A-7E, he was assigned to Attack Squadron 72 (VA-72) from August 1977 to November 1980 aboard the USS John F. Kennedy and logged 125 night carrier landings. He was then selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland. Following training in 1981, he was assigned to the Systems Engineering Test Directorate where he was a project officer and test pilot for the weapons delivery system and avionics integration for the F/A-18 aircraft. Subsequently assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron 132 (VFA-132), Wetherbee flew operationally in the F/A-18 from January 1984 until his selection for the astronaut candidate program. He has logged over 3,500 hours flying time and 345 carrier landings in 20 different types of aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Wetherbee became an astronaut in June 1985, qualifying for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Some of his assignments since then include having served as Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations, and tasks within the Mission Support Branch of the Astronaut Office.Wetherbee was the pilot on the crew of STS-32, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on January 9, 1990. In the longest Shuttle mission to date, crew members on board the Orbiter Columbia successfully deployed the Syncom IV-F5 satellite, and retrieved the 21,400 pound Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) using the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). They also operated a variety of middeck experiments, including the Microgravity Disturbance Experiment (MDE) using the Fluids Experiment Apparatus (FEA), Protein Crystal Growth (PCG), American Flight Echocardiograph (AFE), Latitude/Longitude Locator (L3), Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE), Characterization of Neurospora Circadian Rhythms (CNCR), and the IMAX Camera. Additionally, numerous medical test objectives, including in-flight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP), in-flight aerobic exercise, and muscle performance were conducted to evaluate human adaptation to extended duration missions. Following 173 orbits of the earth in 261 hours, Columbia returned with a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 20, 1990. With the completion of his first flight, Wetherbee has logged a total of 261 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Wetherbee is assigned to command the crew of STS-52. This nine-day mission is scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992 aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Bruce E. Melnick (Commander, USCG) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born December 5, 1949, in New York, New York, but considers Clearwater, Florida, to be his hometown. His father, Mr. Edward S. Melnick, resides in Ft. White, Florida. His mother, Mrs. Rita M. Melnick, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Clearwater High School, Clearwater, Florida, in 1967; attended Georgia Tech in 1967-68; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering (with honors) from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy in 1972, and a master of science degree in Aeronautical Systems from the University of West Florida in 1975.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Kaye Aughtman of Andalusia, Alabama. CHILDREN: Jim, July 20, 1978; Anna, April 26, 1980.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys golf, fishing, hunting, running, tennis, woodworking.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, USCG Academy Alumni Association, USCG Pterodactyl Society, North American Hunters Club, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.SPECIAL HONORS: NCAA Academic All American, Football (1971); Navy Helicopter Association Search and Rescue Aircrew Award (1983); Secretary of Transportation Heroism Award (1983); two Distinguished Flying Crosses; Coast Guard Commendation Medal; Coast Guard Achievement Medal; National Defense Medal; Humanitarian Service Medal; four USCG Unit Commendations; Sea Service Ribbon; Expert Rifle Medal; and Expert Pistol Medal.EXPERIENCE: Upon graduation from the Coast Guard Academy, Melnick was assigned as a deck watch officer aboard the USCG Cutter STEADFAST, homeported in St. Petersburg, Florida. After 16 months sea duty, he was sent to Navy flight training in Pensacola and participated in the CNTRA's Masters Program. After earning his wings in 1974, and his degree in 1975, he served two 3-1/2 year tours as a Coast Guard Rescue Pilot at CGAS Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and at Sitka, Alaska. He was then assigned to the Aircraft Program Office in Grand Prairie, Texas, where he conducted many of the developmental and acceptance tests on the Coast Guard's HH-65A "Dolphin" helicopter. In 1986 he was transferred to CGAS Traverse City, Michigan, where he served as the Operations Officer until his selection to the astronaut program.He has logged over 4,700 hours flying time, predominantly in the H-3, H-52, H-65 and T-38 aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, Melnick became an astronaut in August 1988, which qualified him for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments to date include serving on the Astronaut Support Personnel (ASP) team at the Kennedy Space Center assigned to prepare Shuttle Orbiter cockpits and middecks prior to each flight. He also represents the Astronaut Office in the assembly and checkout of the new Space Shuttle Orbiter (OV-105) at the contractor facilities in Downey and Palmdale, California. He is presently assigned to flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL).Recently Melnick served as a mission specialist on STS-41. The five member crew launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on October 6 from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 10, 1990. During 66 orbits of the earth, the STS-41 crew successfulIy deployed the Ulysses spacecraft, starting this interplanetary probe on its four year journey, via Jupiter, to investigate the polar regions of the Sun; operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone levels; activated a controlled "fire in space" experiment (the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE)); and conducted numerous other middeck experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer membrane production and microgravity effects on plants.In completing his first space mission, Melnick logged a total of 98 hours 10 minutes 04 seconds in space.CURRENTASSIGNMENT: Melnick is currently assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-49. During this eight-day mission, crew members will attach a new booster and redeploy the Intelsat satellite, and will also perform three EVAs (spacewalks) as part of an extensive test of EVA techniques to be employed during Space Station assembly. STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992 aboard the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Mario Runco, Jr. (Lieutenant Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: January 26, 1952, in Bronx, New York, but considers Yonkers, New York, to be his hometown. His parents, Mario and Filomena Runco, reside in Yonkers.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Cardinal Hayes High School, Bronx, New York, in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography from the City College of New York in 1974, and a master of science degree in Meteorology from Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1976.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Susan Kay Friess of Sylvania, Ohio. CHILDREN: Maria Margaret, July 13, 1988; Carl Christopher, July 9, 1990.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys ice hockey, softball, racquet ball, snow skiing, camping, hiking, and astronomy. Played intercollegiate ice hockey on the City College of New York and Rutgers University teams.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Achievement Medal, Navy Battle Efficiency Ribbon, two Sea Service Deployment Ribbons, and the Navy Pistol Expert Medal. As an undergraduate, he was awarded the City College of New York Class of 1938 Athletic Service Award (1973).EXPERIENCE: After graduating from Rutgers University, Runco worked for a year as a research hydrologist conducting ground water surveys for the U.S. Geological Survey on Long Island, New York. In 1977, he joined the New Jersey State Police and, after completing training at the New Jersey State Police Academy, he worked as a New Jersey State Trooper until he entered the Navy in June 1978. Upon completion of Navy Officer Candidate School in Newport, Rhode Island, in September 1978, he was commissioned and assigned to the Naval Environmental Prediction Research Facility in Monterey, California, as a research meteorologist to develop tactical environmental support decision aids. From April 1981 to December 1983, he served as Geophysics Officer aboard the Amphibious Assault Ship USS NASSAU (LHA-4). It was during this tour of duty that he earned the designation as a Naval Surface Warfare Officer. In January 1984, he was assigned to the Naval Oceanography Command Detachment on the campus of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, where he was an instructor at the Navy Geophysics Technical Readiness Laboratory. In December 1985, he assumed command of Oceanographic Unit Four, embarked in the Naval Survey Vessel USNS CHAUVENET (T-AGS 29), to conduct hydrographic and oceanographic surveys of the Java Sea and Indian Ocean. After his tour as Commanding Officer of Oceanographic Unit Four, he reported to the Naval Western Oceanography Center, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, where he was assigned as Fleet Environmental Services Officer until his selection to the astronaut program .NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, Runco qualified for assignment as an astronaut mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews in August of 1988. His technical assignments to date include having served in Operations Development, where he assisted in the design, development and testing of the Space Shuttle crew escape system; in Mission Support, at the Software Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), where he performed test and evaluation of Space Shuttle mission flight software; and at the Kennedy Space Center, as astronaut support, where he assisted in preparing Space Shuttle missions for launch.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Lt. Cmdr. Runco will serve as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-44. This dedicated Department of Defense flight is scheduled to launch late in 1991 aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. He is also assigned to the crew of STS-54 scheduled for launch in late 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles G. Fullerton (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 11, 1936, in Rochester, New York. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Fullerton, are residents of Salem, Oregon.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from U.S. Grant High School in Portland, Oregon; received bachelor of science and master of science degrees in Mechnical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology in 1957 and 1958, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Marie J. Buettner of Delphos, Ohio. CHILDREN: Molly Marie, June 26, 1973; Andrew Alexander, October 24, 1975.RECREATIONAL INTRESTS: His hobbies include woodworking, photography, tennis and racquetball.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP); member, Tau Beta Pi; honorary member, National WW II Glider Pilots Association; fellow, American Astronautical Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Force Commendation Medal, and the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal; the JSC Group Achievement Award (1971,1974,1977); the Soaring Society of America's Certificate of Achievement Award (1978); the JSC Special Achievement Award (1978, 1982); NASA's Exceptional Service Medal (1978); NASA's Distinguished Service Medal (1982); the General Thomas D. White Space Trophy (1978); the SETP's Iven C. Kincheloe Award (1978); the Air Force Association's David C. Schilling Award (1978); the American Astronautical Society's Flight Achievement Award (1978, 1982); the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics' Haley Space Flight Award for 1980. Inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame (1982); and the NASA Space Flight Medal (1983, 1985).EXPERIENCE: Fullerton entered on active duty with the Air Force in July 1958, after having worked as a mechanical design engineer for the Hughes Aircraft Company in Culver City, California.He received primary and basic flight training at Bainbridge Air Base, Georgia, and Webb Air Force Base, Texas. In September 1959, he went to Perrin Air Force Base, Texas, for F-86 fighter interceptor training and was then assigned to McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas, for B-47 combat training from May to December 1960. Following completion of this training, he served as a B-47 jet bomber pilot with Strategic Air Command's 303d Bomb Wing at Davis Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona.After graduation in May 1965 from the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, he reported to the Aeronautical Systems Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. He was a test pilot for the bomber operations division at Wright-Patterson when notified of his selection to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program as a flight crew member.With over 10,900 hours flying time, he has flown 84 different types of aircraft, including the following: T-33, T-34, T-37, T-38, T-39, F-86, F-101, F-104, F-1O6, B-47, KC-135, and Boeing 747.NASA EXPERIENCE: Fullerton became a NASA astronaut in September 1969. He served as a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 14 and 17 missions.Fullerton was a member of one of the two two-man crews who piloted Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Test (ALT) flights during the period June through October 1977. This series of critical Orbiter flight tests initially involved Boeing 747/0rbiter captive-active flights, followed by air-launched unpowered glide, approach, and landing tests (free flights). There were three captive mated tests with the Orbiter Enterprise carried atop the Boeing 747 carrier aircraft, allowing in-flight test and checkout of flight controls and Orbiter subsystems, and five free flights which permitted extensive evaluations of the Orbiter's subsonic flying qualities and performance characteristics during separation, up and away flight, flare, landing, and rollout, which provided valuable real-time data duplicating the last few minutes of an operational Shuttle mission.Fullerton was pilot for STS-3, the third orbital test flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, March 22, 1982. The spacecraft commander for this eight-day mission was Jack R. Lousma. Major test objectives included exposing the Columbia to extremes in thermal stress and the first loaded tests in space of the 50-foot Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to grapple and maneuver a payload in orbit. The crew also operated several scientific experiments in the Orbiter's cabin and on the OSS-l pallet located in the payload bay. All on-orbit operations confirmed that Shuttle vehicles will make excellent scientific platforms in the future. The crew accomplished almost 100% of assigned STS-3 objectives before landing at Northrup Strip in White Sands, New Mexico, on March 30, 1982. They traveled 3.4 million miles during 129.9 orbits of the earth. Fullerton logged 192 hours, 4 minutes, and 49 seconds in space during STS-3.On his next mission, Fullerton was the commander of the Spacelab-2 mission (STS 51-F), which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985. He was accompanied by Col. Roy D. Bridges (pilot), three mission specialists, Drs. Anthony W. England, Karl G. Henize, and F. Story Musgrave, as well as two payload specialists, Drs Loren Acton, and John-David Bartoe. This mission was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments of which seven were in the field of astronomy and solar physics, three were for studies of the Earth's ionosphere, two were life science experiments, and one studied the properties of super fluid helium. After 126 orbits of the earth, STS 5 l-F Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 6, 1985. With the completion of this flight, he has logged an additional 188 hours in space.ClJnRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Fullerton is presently assigned technical duties within the Astronaut Office while awaiting another flight assignment.SEPTEMBER 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: Robert L. Gibson (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 30, 1946, in Cooperstown, New York, but considers Lakewood, California, to be his hometown. His mother, Mrs. Paul A. Gibson, resides in Westminster, California. His father is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Huntington High School, Huntington, New York, in 1964; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from California Polytechnic State University in 1969.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Dr. M. Rhea Seddon of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. CHILDREN: Julie Christie Gibson, July 24, 1976; Paul Seddon Gibson, July 26, 1982; Edward Dann Gibson, March 27, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys home built aircraft, running, surfing, and radio-controlled model aircraft flying during his free time.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Distinguished Flying Cross, three Air Medals, the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat V, a Navy Unit Commendation, Meritorious Unit Commendation, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Humanitarian Service Medal, and Vietnam Campaign Medal.EXPERIENCE: Gibson entered on active duty with the Navy in 1969. He received primary and basic flight training at Naval Air Stations Saufley Field and Pensacola, Florida, and Meridian, Mississippi, and completed advanced flight training at the Naval Air Station at Kingsville, Texas.While assigned to Fighter Squadrons 111 and 1, during the period April 1972 to September 1975, he saw duty aboard the USS CORAL SEA (CVA-43) and the USS ENTERPRISE (CVAN-65), flying combat missions in Southeast Asia. He is a graduate of the Naval Fighter Weapons School, "Topgun." Gibson returned to the United States and an assignment as an F-14A instructor pilot with Fighter Squadron 124. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland, in June 1977, and later became involved in the test and evaluation of F-14A aircraft whiIe assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Strike Aircraft Test Directorate.His flight experience includes over 4,600 hours in over 45 types of civil and military aircraft. He holds commercial pilot, multi-engine, and instrument ratings, and has held a private pilot rating since age 17. Gibson has also completed over 300 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Gibson became an astronaut in August 1979, qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews.On his first space flight Gibson was pilot on the crew of STS 41-B which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3, 1984. The flight accomplished the proper Shuttle deployment of two Hughes 376 communications satellites which failed to reach desired geosynchronous orbits due to upper stage rocket failures. Rendezvous sensors and computer programs were flight tested for the first time. This mission marked the first checkout of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR), with McCandless and Stewart performing two spectacular extravehicular activities (EVAS). The German Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS), Remote Manipulator System (RMS), six Getaway Specials, and materials processing experiments were included on the mission. The eight-day orbital flight of Challenger culminated in the first landing on the runway at the Kennedy Space Center on February 11, 1984. With the completion of this flight, he logged 191 hours in space.Gibson was spacecraft commander on the crew of STS 61-C, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 12,1986. During the six-day flight of Columbia, the crew deployed the SATCOM KU satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. With a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 18,1986, Gibson logged an additional 146 hours in space.Gibson subsequently participated in the investigation of the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, and was then assigned as a member of the solid rocket booster redesign team.On his third space flight, Gibson was spacecraft commander on the crew of STS-27. The Orbiter Atlantis launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on December 2, 1988. The mission carried a Department of Defense payload as well as a number of secondary payloads. Mission duration was 105 hours. After 68 orbits of the earth, the mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 6, 1988. With the completion of this space flight, Gibson has completed a total of 442 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Gibson will command a crew of seven on STS-47 Spacelab-J. This cooperative mission between the United States and Japan will focus on life science and materials processing experiments in space, and is scheduled for launch in August 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: James C. Adamson (Colonel, USA) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 3, 1946, in Warsaw, New York, but makes his home in Monarch, Montana. His father, Mr. Herman Adamson, resides in Groveland, New York. His mother is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Adamson completed his bachelor of science degree in Engineering and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Army at West Point in 1969. In 1977 he completed a master of science degree in Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University. Additionally, he has completed undergraduate and graduate pilot training, paratrooper training, basic and advanced officer training, Command and General Staff School, and the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Susan Broman of Warsaw, New York. CHILDREN: Erik David, March 21, 1974.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys hunting, fishing, snow skiing, wood working, and long distance running.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the West Point Association of Graduates, Princeton Alumni Association, Vietnam Helicopter Pilots Association, and Veterans of Foreign Wars.SPECIAL HONORS: He was a two time All American in pistol competition, and winner of the Army's Excellency inCompetition Award. Named an Outstanding College Athlete of America, and was captain of the national championship team in 1969. Adamson was the distinguished graduate of his class in undergraduate pilot training, and the distinguished graduate of his class in graduate fixed-wing and multi-engine pilot training. During aerial combat in Southeast Asia, he earned two Distinguished Flying Crosses, as well as 18 Air Medals, and three Vietnamese Crosses of Gallantry. He was also awarded the Bronze Star, the Meritorious Service Medal, two Army Commendation Medals, the National Defense Service Medal, and the Vietnamese Campaign Medal. Recipient of the NASA Space Flight Medal.EXPERIENCE: As a military test pilot, Adamson has flown research aircraft at Edwards Air Force Base, Princeton University, West Point, Patuxent Naval Air Station, and at NASA Houston. He has logged over 3,000 hours of flight time in over 30 types of helicopters, piston props, turbo props, and turbo jet aircraft. During Vietnam, he flew in the IV Corps area and Cambodia with the Air Cavalry as Scout Pilot,Team Lead, and Air Mission Commander. He has also flown with several peacetime flight units at Fort Bliss, Texas, West Point, New York, and Houston, Texas. Following completion of his masters degree in aerospace engineering at Princeton University, he became Assistant Professor of Aerodynamics at the United States Military Academy at West Point. While at West Point, he developed and taught courses in Fluid Mechanics, Aerodynamics, Aircraft Performance, and Stability and Control. He also developed flight laboratories in aircraft flight testing and completed a text on aircraft performance. In addition to being an Experimental Test Pilot and Master Army Aviator, Adamson is also a Certified Professional Aerospace Engineer and licensed Commercial Pilot.Adamson has also served in Army ground forces as a Nike Hercules Missile Battery Platoon Leader, Executive Officer, and Battery Commander in West Germany. At Fort Bliss, Texas, he served in a Hawk Missile Brigade as Battery Commander.NASA EXPERIENCE: Adamson has been employed at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center since 1981. During the Operational Flight Test Phase of the Shuttle Program, he served as a research test pilot and AerodynamicsOfficer in Mission Control. Following completion of the four operational test flights, he became Guidance Navigation and Control Officer for STS missions 5 through 11. As a research pilot and test pilot for NASA's Aircraft Operations Division he conducted airborne remote sensing studies in Biospheric Research.Selected by NASA as an astronaut in May 1984, Adamson became qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His initial technical assignment was verification of mission software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). In November 1985, he was selected to the crew of a Department of Defense mission, which was subsequently canceled due to the Challenger accident. During the Shuttle program reconstruction/restoration period Adamson served in the NSTS Program Office as Assistant Manager for Engineering Integration.In February 1988 Adamson was assigned to the flight crew of STS-28. The Orbiter Columbia launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 8, 1989. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the earth in 121 hours, this five-day mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 13, 1989.Following STS-28, Adamson was assigned to the Kennedy Space Center as Director for STS Processing Operations. He served in this post from September 1989 to October 1990 when he was assigned to the flight crew of STS-43.The nine-day mission aboard Atlantis launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 2, 1991. During the flight, crew members deployed the fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-E), in addition to conducting 32 physical, material, and life science experiments, mostly relating to the Extended Duration Orbiter and Space Station Freedom. After 142 orbits of the earth in 213 hours, the STS-43 mission concluded with a landing on Runway 15 at the Kennedy Space Center on August 11, 1991.A veteran of two space flights, Adamson flew on STS-28 in1989 and STS-43 in 1991. With the completion of his second mission, Adamson has logged over 334 hours in space.SEPTEMBER 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Jeffrey A. Hoffman (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 2, 1944, in Brooklyn, New York, but considers Scarsdale, New York, to be his hometown. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Burton P. Hoffman, are residents of Scarsdale.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Scarsdale High School, Scarsdale, NewYork, in 1962; received a bachelorof arts degree in Astronomy (graduated Summa Cum Laude) from Amherst College in 1966, a doctor of philosophy in Astrophysics from Harvard University in 1971, and a masters degree in Materials Science from Rice University in 1988.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Barbara Catherine Attridge of Greenwich, London, England. CHILDREN: Samuel L., May 3, 1975; Orin P. F., April 30, 1979.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, mountaineering, hiking, bicycling, swimming, sailing, and music.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the International Astronomical Union; the American Astronomical Society; Phi Beta Kappa; and Sigma Xi.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Amherst College 1963 Porter Prize in Astronomy, 1964 Second Walker Prize in Mathematics, 1965 John Summer Runnells Scholarship Prize, and 1966 Stanley V. and Charles B. Travis Prize and Woods Prize for Scholarship. Elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1965 and Sigma Xi in 1966. Also received a Woodrow Wilson Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship, 1966-67; a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship, 1966-71; a National Academy of Sciences Postdoctoral Visiting Fellowship, 1971-72; a Harvard University Sheldon International Fellowship, 1972-73; and a NATO Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1973-74. Dr. Hoffman was awarded the NASA Space Flight Medal in 1985 and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 1988.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Hoffman's research interests are in high-energy astrophysics, specifically cosmic gamma ray and x-ray astronomy. His doctoral work at Harvard was the design, construction, testing, and flight of a balloon-borne, low-energy, gamma ray telescope.From 1972 to 1975, during three years of postdoctoral work at Leicester University, he worked on three rocket payloads: two for the observation of lunar occultations of x-ray sources and one for an observation of the Crab Nebula with a solid state detector and concentrating x-ray mirror. He designed and supervised the construction and testing of the lunar occultation payloads and designed test equipment for use in an x-ray beam facility which he used to measure the scattering and reflectivity properties of the concentrating mirror. During his last year at Leicester, he was project scientist for the medium-energy x-ray experiment on the European Space Agency's EXOSAT satellite and played a leading role in the proposal and design studies for this project.He worked in the Center for Space Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1975 to 1978 as project scientist in charge of the orbiting HEA0-1 A4 hard x-ray and gamma ray experiment, launched in August 1977. His involvement included prelaunch design of the data analysis system, supervising its operation postlaunch, and directing the MIT team undertaking the scientific analysis of flight data being returned. He was also involved extensively in analysis of x-ray data from the SAS-3 satellite being operated by MIT, performing research on the study of x-ray bursts. Dr. Hoffman has authored or coauthored more than 20 papers on this subject since bursts were first discovered in 1976.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Dr. Hoffman became an astronaut in August 1979.During preparations for the Shuttle Orbital Flight Tests, Dr. Hoffman worked in the Flight Simulation Laboratory at Downey, California, testing guidance, navigation and flight control systems. He has worked with the Orbital Maneuvering and Reaction Control Systems, with Shuttle navigation, with crew training, and with the development of satellite deployment procedures. Dr. Hoffman served as a support crew member for STS-5 and as a CAPCOM (spacecraft communicator) for STS-8.Dr. Hoffman made his first space flight as a mission specialist on STS 51-D, April 12-19 1985. On this mission, he made the first STS contingency spacewalk, in an attempted rescue of a malfunctioning satellite.Following his first flight, Dr. Hoffman has worked as the astronaut office Payload Safety Representative. He has also worked on EVA, including the development of a high-pressure spacesuit for use on Space Station Freedom. Dr. Hoffman is a member of the astronaut office Science Support Group.Dr. Hoffman made his second space flight as a mission specialist on STS-35, December 2-10 1990. This Spacelab mission featured the ASTR0-1 ultraviolet astronomy laboratory.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Hoffman is in training as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-46. During this seven day mission, the crew will deploy the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA), an ESA-sponsored, free-flying science platform, and will also demonstrate the Tethered Satellite System (TSS), a joint project between NASA and the Italian Space Agency. Dr. Hoffman has worked on the Tethered Satellite Project since 1987. STS-46 is scheduled for launch in the Summer of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Edward G. Gibson (Ph.D.)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 8, 1936, in Buffalo, New York. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Calder A. Gibson, reside in Naples, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Kenmore Senior High School, Kenmore, New York; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering from the University of Rochester, New York, in June 1959; a master of science degree in Engineering (Jet Propulsion Option) from the California Institute of Technology in June 1960; a doctorate in Engineering with a minor in Physics from the California Institute of Technology in June 1964; an honorary doctorate of science from University of Rochester (NY) in 1974; and an honorary doctorate of science from Wagner College, Staten Island, NY, in 1974 .MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Julie Anne Volk of Township of Tonawanda, New York. CHILDREN: Jannet Lynn, November 9, 1960; John Edward, May 2, 1964; Julie Ann, October 12, 1968; Joseph Michael, July 11, 1971.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies include distance running, swimming, photography, flying, and motorcycling.ORGANIZATIONS: Elected a Fellow of the American Astronautical Society; member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Theta Chi. He is a member of the Seniors Track Club.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded a National Science Foundation Fellowship and an R. C. Baker Fellowship at the California Institute of Technology, and listed in several Who's Who Publications. He received the JSC Certificate of Commendation (1970), the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (presented by President Richard M. Nixon in 1974), the City of New York Gold Medal (1974), the Robert J. Collier Trophy for 1973 (1974), the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy for 1975 (1975), the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's De La Vaulx Medal and V. M. Romarov Diploma for 1974 (1975), the American Astronautical Society's 1975 Flight Achievement Award (1976), the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1975 (1976), a Senior U.S. Scientist Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (1976), and a JSC Special Achievement Award (1978).EXPERIENCE: While studying at Cal. Tech., Gibson was a research assistant in the fields of jet propulsion and classical physics. His technical publications are in the fields of plasma physics and solar physics. He was senior research scientist with the Applied Research Laboratories of Philco Corporation at Newport Beach, California, from June 1964 until coming to NASA. While at Philco, he did research on lasers and the optical breakdown of gases. Subsequent to joining NASA in 1965, he wrote a textbook in solar physics entitled THE QUIET SUN.Gibson's training and data acquisition as science-pilot on the last Skylab mission were in the areas of solar physics, comet observations, stellar observations, earth resources studies, space medicine and physiology, and flight surgeon activities.He has logged more than 4,300 hours flying time, including 2,270 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Gibson was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in June 1965. He completed a 53-week course in flight training at Williams Air Force Base, and earned his Air Force wings. Since then, he has flown helicopters and the T-38.He served as a member of the astronaut support crew and as a capcom for the Apollo 12 lunar landing. He has also participated in the design and testing of many elements of the Skylab space station.Dr. Gibson was the science-pilot of Skylab 4 (third and final manned visit to the Skylab space station), launched November 16, 1973, and concluded February 8, 1974. This was the longest manned flight (84 days 1 hour 15 minutes) in the history of manned space exploration to date. Dr. Gibson was accompanied on the record-setting 34.5 million mile flight by Gerald P. Carr (commander) and William R. Pogue (pilot). They successfully completed 56 experiments, 26 science demonstrations, 15 subsystem detailed objectives, and 13 student investigations during their 1,214 revolutions of the earth. They also acquired a wide variety of earth resources observations data using Skylab's earth resources experiment package camera and sensor array. Dr. Gibson was the crewman primarily responsible for the 338 hours of Apollo Telescope Mount operation which made extensive observations of solar processes.Until March 1978, Dr. Gibson and his Skylab-4 teammates held the world record for individual time in space: 2,017 hours 15 minutes 32 seconds; 15 hours and 17 minutes of which Dr. Gibson logged in three EVAs outside the orbital workshop.Gibson resigned from NASA in December 1974 to do research on Skylab solar physics data as a senior staff scientist with the Aerospace Corporation of Los Angeles, California. Beginning in March 1976, he served for one year as a consultant to ERNO Raumfahrttechnik GmbH in West Germany on Spacelab design under the sponsorship of a U. S. Senior Scientist Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. In March 1977, Dr. Gibson returned to the Astronaut Office astronaut candidate selection and training as chief of the scientist-astronaut candidates.CURRENT POSITION: In November 1980, Dr. Gibson joined TRW, Inc., as an Advanced Systems Manager in projects which employ high technology for the efficient extraction of energy from abundant resources.</text>
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<text>NAME: Anna L. Fisher, (M.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 24, 1949, in St Albans, New York, but considers San Pedro, California, to be her hometown. Father deceased July 3, 1982. Her mother, Mrs. Riley F. Tingle, resides in San Pedro, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 4 inches; weight: 115 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from San Pedro High School, San Pedro, California, in 1967; received a bachelor of science in Chemistry and a doctor of Medicine from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1971 and 1976, respectively; completed a one-year internship at Harbor General Hospital in Torrance, California, in 1977; received a master of science in Chemistry from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1987.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Dr. William F. Fisher of Dallas, Texas.CHILDREN: Kristin Anne, July 29, 1983; Kara Lynne, January 10, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys snow and water skiing, jogging, flying, scuba diving, reading, and spending time with her two daughters.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Sigma Xi.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded a National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research Fellowship in 1970 and 1971; and graduated from UCLA cum laude and with honors in chemistry.EXPERIENCE: After graduating from UCLA in 1971, Dr. Fisher spent a year in graduate school in chemistry at UCLA working in the field of x-ray crystallographic studies of metallocarbonanes. She coauthored three publications relating to these studies for the Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. She began medical school at UCLA in 1972 and, following graduation in 1976, commenced a one-year internship at Harbor General Hospital in Torrance, California. After completing that internship, she specialized in emergency medicine and worked in several hospitals in the Los Angeles area.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Fisher was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979, she completed a one-year training and evaluation period, making her eligible for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Dr. Fisher's NASA assignments have included the following:1) Crew representative to support development and testing of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS).2) Crew representative to support development and testing of payload bay door contingency EVA procedures, the extra-small Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), and contingency on-orbit TPS repair hardware and procedures.3) Verification of flight software at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); in that capacity, she reviewed test requirements and procedures for ascent, on-orbit, and RMS software verification, and served as a crew evaluator for verification and development testing for STS-2, 3, and 4.For STS-5 thru STS-7 Dr. Fisher was assigned as a crew representative to support vehicle integrated testing and payload testing at KSC. In addition, Dr. Fisher supported each Orbital Flight Test (STS 1-4) launch and landing (at either a prime or backup site) as a physician in the rescue helicopters, and provided both medical and operational inputs to the development of rescue procedures. Dr. Fisher was also an on-orbit CAPCOM for the STS-9 mission.Dr. Fisher was a mission specialist on STS-51A, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 8, 1984. She was accompanied by Captain Frederick "Rick" Hauck (spacecraft commander), Captain David M. Walker (pilot), and fellow mission specialists, Dr. Joseph P. Allen, and Commander Dale H. Gardner. This was the second flight of the orbiter Discovery. During the mission the crew deployed two satellites, Canada's Anik D-2 (Telesat H) and Hughes' LEASAT-1 (Syncom IV-1), and operated the Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME) device, and the 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS) experiment. In the first space salvage mission in history the crew also retrieved for return to earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar Vl satellites. STS-51A completed 127 orbits of the Earth before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 16, 1984. With the completion of her first flight, Dr. Fisher has logged a total of 192 hours in space.Dr. Fisher was assigned as a mission specialist on STS-61H prior to the Challenger accident. Following the accident, she worked as the Deputy of the Mission Development Branch of the Astronaut Office, and as the astronaut office representative for Flight Data File issues. In that capacity, she served as the crew representative on the Crew Procedures Change Board. Dr. Fisher also served on the Astronaut Selection Board for the 1987 class of astronauts.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Fisher is currently assigned to the Space Station Support Office where she works part-time in the Space Station Operations Branch. She is the crew representative to support space station development in the areas of training, operations concepts, and the health maintenance facility.APRIL 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Jon A. McBride (Captain, USN, Retired) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 14, 1943, in Charleston, West Virginia, but considers Beckley, West Virginia, to be his hometown. His mother, Mrs. W. L. McBride, resides in Charleston, West Virginia.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Red hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 205 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School, Beckley, West Virginia, in 1960; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1971. Graduate work in Human Resources Management at Pepperdine University.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Sharon Lynne White of Nacogdoches, Texas.CHILDREN: Lt. Richard M. (USN), March 3, 1962; Melissa L., December 12, 1966; and Jon A., October 21, 1970; Stephen Michael, August 4, 1971.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, basketball, golf, softball, racquetball, gourmet cooking, numismatics, gardening, and carpentry.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Association of Naval Aviation, the Tailhook Association, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the American Legion; associate member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots; and life member of Phi Delta Theta, the National Honor Society, and the Golden Key National Honor Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal (DSSM), three Air Medals, the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat V, a Navy Unit Commendation, the National Defense Medal, the Vietnamese Service Medal, and the NASA Space Flight Medal; recipient of West Virginia Secretary of State's "State Medallion" and appointed "West Virginia Ambassador of Good Will Among All Men" (1980). Received Honorary Doctorate in Aerospace Engineering from Salem College (1984); Honorary Doctorate of Science from West Virginia University (1985); Honorary Doctorate of Science from University of Charleston (1987); and Honorary Doctorate of Science from West Virginia Institute of Technology (1987).EXPERIENCE: McBride's naval service began in 1965 with flight training at Pensacola, Florida. After winning his wings as a naval aviator, he was assigned to Fighter Squadron 101 based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia, for training in the F-4 "Phantom II" aircraft. He was subsequently assigned to Fighter Squadron 41 where he served three years as a fighter pilot and division officer. He has also served tours with Fighter Squadrons 11 and 103. While deployed to Southeast Asia, McBride flew 64 combat missions.He attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base prior to reporting to Air Test and Development Squadron Four at Point Mugu, California, where he served as maintenance officer and Sidewinder project officer. He has flown over 40 different types of military and civilian aircraft and piloted the Navy "Spirit of '76" bicentennial-painted F-4J Phantom in various air shows during 1976, 1977, and 1978. He holds current FAA ratings which include commercial pilot (multi-engine), instrument, and glider; and he previously served as a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI).He has logged more than 5,200 hours flying time, including 4,700 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, McBride became an astronaut in August 1979. His NASA assignments have included lead chase pilot for the maiden voyage of Columbia; software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); and capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-5, STS-6, and STS-7.McBride was pilot of STS 41-G, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5,1984, aboard the Orbiter Challenger. This was the first crew of seven. During their eight-day mission, crew members deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the earth with the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera, and demonstrated potential satellite refueling with an EVA and associated hydrazine transfer. Mission duration was 197 hours and concluded with a landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 13, 1984.McBride was scheduled to fly next in March 1986, as the commander of STS 61-E crew. This flight was one of several deferred by NASA in the wake of the Challenger accident in January 1986.On July 30, 1987, McBride was assigned to NASA Headquarters to serve as Acting Assistant Administrator for Congressional Relations, with responsibility for NASA's relationship with Congress, and for providing coordination and direction to all Headquarters and Field Center communications with Congressional support organizations. He held this post from September 1987 thru March 1989. In 1989 McBride was named to command the crew of the STS-35 (ASTRO-l) mission, scheduled for launch in March 1990.In May 1989, Captain McBride retired from NASA and the Navy in order to pursue a business career. He is currently President and Chief Executive Officer of the Flying Eagle Corporation in West Virginia.MAY 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: Carl E. Walz (Major, USAF)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 6, 1955, in Cleveland, Ohio. His parents, Carl and Bernadine Walz, reside in South Euclid, Ohio.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Charles F. Brush High School, Lyndhurst, Ohio, in 1973; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from Kent State University, Ohio, in 1977, and a master of science in Solid State Physics from John Carroll University, Ohio, in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Pamela J. Glady of Lyndhurst, Ohio. CHILDREN: Alison, born October 25, 1981; Aaron, born May 29, 1985.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Music and sports.SPECIAL HONORS: Graduated Summa Cum Laude from Kent State University. Awarded the USAF MeritoriousService Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster, the USAF Commendation Medal, and the USAF Achievement Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster. Distinguished Graduate from the USAF Test Pilot School, Class 83A.EXPERIENCE: Walz graduated from Kent State University in June 1977, and was commissioned as a SecondLieutenant. He completed graduate studies at John Carroll University in 1979 and was assigned to the 1155th Technical Operations Squadron at McClellan AFB, California. From 1979-1982 he held the position of Radiochemical Project Officer, responsible for analysis of radioactive samples from the Atomic Energy Detection System. The subsequent year was spent in study as a Flight Test Engineer at the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California, where he participated in the performance, flying qualities and systems testing on numerous aircraft types. From January 1983 until June 1987, he was assigned to the F-16 Combined Test Force at Edwards AFB, where he worked on a variety of aircraft and armament development programs, flying F-4 and F-16 aircraft. He logged over 250 flight test hours in the F-16. In July 1987 he was transferred to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he served as a Flight Test Program Manager at Detachment 3, Air Force Flight Test Center.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Major Walz became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and currently works Flight Data File issues for the Mission Support Branch of the Astronaut Office.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Nancy Jane Sherlock (Captain, USA) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born December 29, 1958, in Wilmington, Delaware, but considers Troy, Ohio, to be her hometown. Her parents, Warren and Shirley Decker, reside in Troy.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet; weight: 95 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Troy High School, Troy, Ohio, in 1977; received a bachelor of arts degree in Biological Science from Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, in 1980, and a master of science degree in Safety Engineering from the University of Southern California in 1985.MARITAL STATUS: Single.CHILDREN: Stephanie Marie, born January 30, 1987.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Running, swimming, triathlons, water skiing, and scuba diving.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of American Society of Systems Safety Engineers, Human Factors Society, Phi Kappa Phi, Women Military Aviators, Whirly Girls, and the Army Aviation Association of America.SPECIAL HONORS: Arts and Sciences Award for Scholarship, Ohio State University (1980), Distinguished Graduate of the Army Air Defense Artillery Officer Basic Course (1981), honor graduate of the Army Rotary Wing Aviator Course (1982), honor graduate of the Army Aviation Officer Advanced Course (1986), and the NASA Flight Simulation Engineering Award (1988).EXPERIENCE: Sherlock graduated with honors from Ohio State University in June 1980. Prior to entering on active duty with the U.S. Army, she was a Neuropathology Research Assistant at the Ohio State University College of Medicine. She was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in Air Defense Artillery in July 1981. Aftercompletion of the Air Defense Officer Basic Course, she attended the U.S. Army Aviation School. She was then assigned to Fort Rucker, Alabama as a UH-1H Instructor Pilot and served as a Section Leader, Platoon Leader, and Brigade Flight Standardization Officer. While at Fort Rucker, she was also designated as a Standardization Instructor Pilot for all phases of rotary wing flight, including combat skills and night vision goggle operations. She also completed the Aviation Officer Advanced Course, the Combined Arms Services Staff School, and the Fixed Wing Multi-Engine Qualification Course. A Senior Army Aviator, she has logged 2,700 flying hours in nine different rotary wing and fixed wing aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Sherlock was assigned to NASA Johnson Space Center in September 1987 as a flight simulation engineer on the Shuttle Training Aircraft, a complex airborne simulator which models flight characteristics of the orbiter. Responsibilities included developing and directing engineering flight tests. Selected by NASA in January 1990, Sherlock became an astronaut in July 1991. She is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and currently works crew equipment issues for the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Donald A. Thomas (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 6, 1955 in Cleveland, Ohio. His mother, Mrs. Irene M. Thomas, resides at the American Embassy, New Delhi, India.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Cleveland Heights High School, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, in 1973; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from Case Western University in 1977, and a master of science degree and a doctorate in Materials Science from Cornell University in 1980 and 1982, respectively. His dissertation involved evaluating the effect of crystalline defects and sample purity on the superconducting properties of niobium.MARITALSTATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Swimming, biking, camping, and flying.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and Tau Beta Pi.SPECIAL HONORS: Graduated with Honors from Case Western Reserve University in 1977. Recipient of NASA Sustained Superior Performance Award, 1989.EXPERIENCE: Following graduation from Cornell University in 1982, Dr. Thomas joined AT&T Bell Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey, working as a Senior Member of the Technical Staff. His responsibilities there included the development of advanced materials and processes for high density interconnections of semiconductor devices. He was also an adjunct professor in the Physics Department at Trenton State College in New Jersey. He holds two patents and has authored several technical papers. He left AT&T in 1987 to work for Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company in Houston, Texas, where his responsibilities involved reviewing materials used in Space Shuttle payloads. In 1988 he joined NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center as a Materials Engineer. His work involved lifetime projections of advanced composite materials for use on Space Station Freedom. He was also a Principal Investigator for the Microgravity Disturbances Experiment, a middeck crystal growth experiment which flew on STS-32 in January 1990. This experiment investigated the effects of Orbiter and crew-induced disturbances on the growth of crystals in space.He is a private pilot with over 250 hours in single engine land aircraft and gliders, and over 175 hours flying as mission specialist in NASA T-38 jet aircraft.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Thomas became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned to the Safety and Operations Development Branches of the Astronaut Office, working on issues relating to Shuttle Orbiter systems.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Ronald M. Sega (Ph.D)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born December 4, 1952 in Cleveland, Ohio, but considers Northfield, Ohio, andColorado Springs, Colorado, to be his hometowns. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Sega, reside in Arvada, Colorado.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Nordonia High School, Macedonia, Ohio in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Mathematics and Physics from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1974, a master of science degree in Physics from Ohio State in 1975, and a doctorate in Electrical Engineering from University of Colorado in 1982.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Dr. Bonnie J. Dunbar. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Skiing, running, bicycling, basketball, softball, and photography.ORGANIZATIONS: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE), American Physical Society (APS), Society for Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), Air Force Reserve Officer Association, and Eta Kappa Nu.SPECIAL HONORS: In 1988, Dr. Sega was named Reserve Officer of the Year (IMA) for both the U.S. Air Force and the Air Force Space Command, and was also selected to the Academic Hall of Fame of his high school in Macedonia, Ohio. In 1985 he received the Outstanding Faculty Award,Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Colorado, and was selected as Air Force Research Fellow, Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Recipient of Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, Commendation Medal, and Reserve Achievement Medal. Named Officer of the Year in the Department of Physics, U.S. Air Force Academy in 1980. He was Top Graduate of the Pilot Instructor Training Course in 1976, and a Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1974.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Sega graduated from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1974, and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force. He earned a masters degree in Physics at Ohio State University in 1975. Completing pilot training in 1976, he served as an Instructor Pilot at Williams AFB, Arizona until 1979. From 1979 to 1982 while pursuing a doctorate in Electrical Engineering, he was on the faculty of the U.S. Air Force Academy in the Department of Physics where he designed and constructed a laboratory facility to investigate microwave fields using infrared techniques. In 1982 he joined the faculty of the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1985, granted tenure in 1988, and promoted to Professor in 1990. From 1987 to 1988, he served as Technical Director, Lasers and Aerospace Mechanics Directorate of the Frank J. Seiler Research Laboratory at the U.S. Air Force Academy. From 1989 to 1990, while on leave from the University of Colorado, he served as Research Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Houston, affiliated with the Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center, and currently is Adjunct Professor of Physics. Dr. Sega is a Coprincipal Investigator of the Wake Shield Facility manifested to fly in 1993. He has authored or coauthored over 60 technical publications.An Air Force Reserve Officer, he holds an aeronautical rating of Command Pilot and the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He currently serves as a reserve augmentee to the Director, Force Enhancement Directorate, Air Force Space Command.As a pilot, Dr. Sega has logged over 3,500 hours in the Air Force, Air Force Reserves, and NASA.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Sega became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and currently works Remote Manipulator System (RMS) issues for the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Kenneth D. Cameron (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 29, 1949, in Cleveland, Ohio. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Donald B. Cameron, reside in Westport, Connecticut.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Rocky River High School, Rocky River, Ohio, in 1967; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1978, and a master of science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Michele Renee Fulford of Pensacola, Florida. CHILDREN: Robert Ian, November 1, 1983; Edward Ellison, March 28, 1987.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, athletics, hunting, fishing, woodworking, reading, and amateur radio.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat "V", Combat Action Ribbon, Navy Unit Citation, Meritorious Unit Citation, Vietnamese Meritorious Unit Citation, the Admiral Louis de Flores Award (MIT), and a C.S. Draper Laboratory Fellowship.EXPERIENCE: Cameron enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1969 at Parris Island, South Carolina. Following duty at Camp Lejune he earned a Commission in the Marine Corps in 1970 at Officer's Candidate School in Quantico, Virginia. After graduating from the Officer's Basic Infantry Course and Vietnamese Language School he was assigned to the Republic of Vietnam for a one-year tour of duty as a Platoon Commander with the 1st Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment and later with the Marine Security Guards at the U.S. Embassy, Saigon. Upon his return to the United States he served as Executive Officer, "I" Company, 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, at Camp Lejune, North Carolina. He reported to Pensacola, Florida, in 1972 for flight training, receiving his Naval Aviator wings in 1973. He was then assigned to Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma, Arizona, for duty in Marine Attack Squadron 223, flying A-4M Skyhawks. In 1976, Cameron was reassigned to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he participated in the Marine College Degree and Advanced Degree Programs. Upon graduation, he was assigned to flying duty with Marine Aircraft Group 12 in Iwakuni, Japan. He was subsequently assigned to the Pacific Missile Test Center in 1980, and in 1982, to the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland. Following graduation in 1983, he was assigned as project officer and test pilot in the F/A-18, A-4, and OV-10 airplanes with the Systems Engineering Test Directorate at the Naval Air Test Center.He has Iogged over 3,400 hours flying time in 46 different types of aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Cameron became an astronaut in June 1985. His technical assignments have included work on Tethered Satellite Payload, flight software testing in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), launch support activities at Kennedy Space Center, and Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-28, 29, 30, 33, and 34.Cameron flew his first mission as pilot on the crew of STS-37. This mission was launched on April 5, 1991 and featured the deployment of the Gamma Ray Observatory for the purpose of exploring gamma ray sources throughout the universe. Atlantis landed on April 11 , 1991.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Terence T. "Tom" Henricks (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 5, 1952, in Bryan, Ohio, but considers Woodville, Ohio, to be his hometown. His father, Mr. Terry W. Henricks, resides near Montpelier, Ohio. His mother, Mrs. Martha B. Reising, resides near Oak Harbor, Ohio.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10-1/2 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Woodmore High School in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Civil Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1974, and a masters degree in Public Administration from Golden Gate University in 1982.MARITAL STATUS: Divorced.CHILDREN: Katherine Ann, November 24, 1982; Terence Thomas, Jr., January 19, 1984; Heather Kimberly, February 4, 1988.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys running and windsurfing.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of two Air Force Meritorious Service Medals, and two Air Force Commendation Medals. Named Pilot Training Distinguished Graduate. Recipient of the F-4 Fighter Weapons School Outstanding Flying Award. Named F-16 Conversion Course Top Gun.EXPERIENCE: After graduation from the Air Force Academy, Henricks completed pilot training at Craig Air Force Base in Selma, Alabama, and F-4 conversion training at Homestead Air Force Base in Miami, Florida. He then flew the F-4 in fighter squadrons in England and Iceland. In 1980, he was reassigned to Nellis Air Force Base, Las Vegas, Nevada. After attending the USAF Test Pilot School in 1983, he remained at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as an F-16C test pilot and Chief of the 57th Fighter Weapons Wing Operating Location until his NASA selection. He has 747 parachute jumps and a Master Parachutist rating.He has flown 30 different types of aircraft, has logged over 3,300 hours flying time in jet fighter aircraft, and holds an FAA commercial pilot rating.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1985, Henricks became an astronaut in July 1986. From January 1986 until August 1987, his technical duties included reevaluating Shuttle landing sites worldwide. He served as Assistant Manager for Engineering Integration, Shuttle Program Office the following two years. His next assignment was as the lead astronaut in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) where Shuttle mission segments are simulated to verify flight software for each mission.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Col. Henricks is assigned as the pilot on the crew of STS-44, a ten-day, Department of Defense mission scheduled to launch in the Summer of 1991, aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis.FEBRUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles A. Bassett, II (Captain)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Dayton, Ohio, December 30, 1931.EDUCATION: Attended Ohio State University and Texas Technological College, and graduated with honors with a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jean M. Martin of Hesperia, California.CHILDREN: Karen E., December 22, 1957; Peter M., April 6, 1961.ORGANIZATlONS: Member, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Long Island EarlyFliers, Phi Kappa Tau, Eta Kappa Nu, and Tau BetaEXPERIENCE: An Air Force Captain, Bassett is a graduate of the Air Force Experimental Pilot School and the Aerospace Research Pilot School.He served as an experimental test pilot and engineering test pilot in the Fighter Projects Office at Edwards Air Force Base, California.He has logged over 3,600 hours flying time, including over 2,900 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Bassett was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963. In addition to participating in the overall astronaut training program, he had specific responsibilities pertaining to training and simulators. On November 8, 1965, he was selected as pilot of the Gemini 9 mission. He and Elliot M. See, Jr., the command pilot for the Gemini 9 flight, were killed on February 28, 1966, during an instrument landing approach at McDonnell Aircraft Corporation's St. Louis plant.MARCH 1966</text>
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<text>NAME: G. David LowNASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 19, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio. His mother, Mrs. Mary Ruth Low, resides in Potomac, Maryland. His father, Mr. George M. Low, is deceased.PHYSlCAL DESCRlPTlON: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 145 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Langley High School, McLean, Virginia, in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics/Engineering from Washington and Lee University in 1978, a bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University in 1980, and a master of science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University in 1983.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys tennis, squash, scuba diving, and running.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; member of Omicron Delta Kappa.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the NASA Space Flight Medal.EXPERIENCE: Low worked in the Spacecraft Systems Engineering Section of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, from March 1980 until June 1984. During that time he was involved in the preliminary planning of several planetary missions, an Autonomous Spacecraft Maintenance study, and the systems engineering design of the Galileo spacecraft. Following a one-year leave to pursue graduate studies, Low returned to JPL where he was the principal spacecraft systems engineer for the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Observer Project.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Low became an astronaut in June 1985. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. He has held a variety of technical assignments including work on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), on Extravehicular Activity (EVA), and Orbiter test and checkout tasks at the Kennedy Space Center. Low served as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center during STS Missions 26, 27, 29, and 30. He also served as the lead astronaut in the Man Systems Group of the Space Station Support Office. A veteran of two space flights, Low flew on STS-32 in 1990 and STS-43 in 1991.On his first mission, Low was a crew member on STS-32, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 9, 1990. In the longest Shuttle mission to date, the crew on board the Orbiter Columbia successfully deployed the Syncom IV-F5 satellite, and retrieved the 21,400 pound Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) using the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). They also operated a variety of middeck experiments including the Microgravity Disturbance Experiment (MDE) using the Fluids Experiment Apparatus (FEA), Protein Crystal Growth (PCG), American Flight Echocardiograph (AFE), Latitude/Longitude Locator (L3), Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE), Characterization of Neurospora Circadian Rhythms (CNCR), and the IMAX Camera. Additionally, numerous medical test objectives, including in-flight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP), in-flight aerobic exercise and muscle performance were conducted to evaluate human adaptation to extended duration missions. Following 173 orbits of the earth in 261 hours, Columbia returned with a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 20, 1990.More recently, he served on the crew of STS-43 on board the Orbiter Atlantis. The nine-day mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 2, 1991. During the flight, crew members deployed the fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-E), in addition to conducting 32 physical, material, and life science experiments, mostly relating to the Extended Duration Orbiter and Space Station Freedom. After 142 orbits of the earth in 213 hours, the mission concluded with a landing on Runway 15 at the Kennedy Space Center on August 11, 1991.With the completion of his second flight, Low has logged over 474 hours in space.SEPTEMBER 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: John Herschel Glenn, Jr.Former NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 18, 1921, in Cambridge, Ohio. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. John H. Glenn of New Concord, Ohio, are both deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Red hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 10-1/2 inches; weight: 168 pounds. EDUCATION: Attended primary and secodary schools in New Concord, where he also attended Muskingum College. He entered the Naval Aviation Cadet Program in March 1942. He graduated from this program and was commissioned in the Marine corps in 1943. After advanced training, he joined Marine Fighter Squadron 155 and spent a year flying F4U fighters in the Marshall Islands. He was awarded an honorary doctor of science degree in engineering from Muskingum College, Nihon University in Tokyo, Japan, and Wagner and New Hampshire Colleges.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Anna Margaret Castor of New Concord.CHILDREN: John David, December 13, 1945; Carolyn Ann, March 19, 1947.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys boating and skiing.EXPERIENCE: Glenn was assigned to the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center in April 1959 after his selection as a Project Mercury Astronaut. Glenn resigned from the Manned Spacecraft Center on January 16, 1964. He was promoted to the rank of Colonel in October 1964 and retired from the Marine Corps on January 1, 1965. He was business executive from 1965 until his election to the United States Senate in November 1974, where he now serves.On February 20, 1962, Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 spacecraft, Friendship 7, on the first manned orbital mission of the United States. Launched from Cape Canaveral (recently renamed Cape Kennedy), Florida, he completed a successful three-orbit mission around the earth, reaching a maximum altitude (apogee) of approximately 162 statute miles and an orbital velocity of approximately 17,500 miles per hour. Glenn's Friendship 7 Mercury spacecraft landed in an area in the Atlantic approximately 800 miles southeast of Cape Kennedy in the vicinity of Grand Turk Island. He landed 41 miles west and 19 miles north of the planned impact point. The time of the flight from launch to impact was 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds. Prior to his flight, Glenn had served as backup pilot for Astronauts Shepard and Grissom.When the astronauts were given special assignments to ensure pilot input into the design and development of spacecraft and flight control system in January 1963, Project Apollo became Glenn's specialty area.During his World War II, he flew 59 combat missions. After the war, he was a member of Fighter Squadron 218 on North China patrol and had duty in Guam. From June 1948 to December 1950, Glenn was an instructor in advanced flight training at Corpus Christi, Texas. He then attended Amphibious Warfare Training at Quantico, Virginia. In Korea he flew 63 missions with Marine Fighter Squadrons 311, and 27 while an exchange pilot with the Air Force in F-86 Sabrejets. In the last nine days of fighting in Korea, Glenn downed three MIG's in combat along the Yalu River.After Korea, Glenn attended Test Pilot School at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland. After graduation, he was project officer on a number of aircraft. He was assigned to the Fighter Design Branch of the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (now Bureau of Naval Weapons) in Washington from November 1956 toApril 1959, during which time he also attended the University of Maryland.SPECIAL HONORS: Glenn has been awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on five occasions, and holds the Air Medal with 18 Clusters for his service during World War II and Korea. Glenn also holds the Navy Unit Commendation for service in Korea, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, the American Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the China Service Medal, the National DefenseService Medal, the Korean Service Medal, the United Nations Service Medal, the Korean Presidential Unit Citation, the Navy's Astronaut Wings, the Marine Corps' new insignia (an Astronaut Medal), and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal.In July 1957, while project officer of the F8U, he set a transcontinental speed record from Los Angeles to New York, spanning the country in 3 hours and 23 minutes. This was the first transcontinental flight to average supersonic speed.Glenn has more than 5,455 hours of flying time, including1,900 hours in jet aircraft.JUNE 1978</text>
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<text>NAME: Gregory J. Harbaugh NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 15, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio, but Willoughby, Ohio, is his hometown. His mother, Mrs. Alice Harbaugh, resides in Miami, Florida. His father, Mr. Thomas Harbaugh, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Willoughby South High School in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University in 1978, and a master of science degree in Physical Science from University of Houston-Clear Lake in 1986.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Carol Ann Saunders of St. Louis, Missouri. CHILDREN: Kelly Allison, February 4, 1988; Dana Claire, June 11, 1990.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, gardening, basketball, running, and snow skiing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Sigma Chi Fraternity, Omicron Delta Kappa, and Sigma Gamma Tau.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of several NASA Achievement Awards.NASA EXPERIENCE: Harbaugh came to NASA's Johnson Space Flight Center upon graduation from Purdue. Since1978, he has held engineering and technical management positions in various areas of Space Shuttle flight operations. Harbaugh supported real-time Shuttle flight operations from Mission Control for most of the flights from STS-l through STS-51L. He served as Lead Data Processing Systems Officer (DPS) for STS-9 (Spacelab) and STS-41D, Orbit DPS for STS-41, Band STS-41C, and Ascent Entry DPS for STS-41G. He also served as Shuttle Planning and Analysis (SPAN) Manager for several of the flights from STS-51A through STS- 51L. In this capacity, he acted as the senior flight controller interface with the engineering community in addressing issues requiring real-time resolution.He also has a commercial pilot's license (with instrument rating) and approximately 1,000 hours total flying time.Selected by NASA in June 1987, Harbaugh became an astronaut qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews in August 1988. His technical assignments to date have included work in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory, astronaut office point of contact for the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), and working telerobotics systems development for Space Station Freedom.Mr. Harbaugh flew as a mission specialist (MS-1) aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-39, from April 28 through May 6, 1991. This eight-day, dual shift, unclassified Department of Defense mission involved research for the Strategic Defense Initiative. Harbaugh was responsible for operation of the RMS and the Infrared Background Signature Survey (IBSS) spacecraft during his shift, and he was one of two crewmen trained for Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) in the event of a contingency requiring a space walk.With completion of this mission, Harbaugh has logged a total of 199 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Harbaugh is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-54. This six-day mission will feature the deployment of TDRS-F and is scheduled for launch late in 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Donn F. EiseleNASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Columbus, Ohio, on June 23, 1930. EXPERIENCE: A lifelong interest in flying prompted him to choose an Air Force career after he graduated from the Naval Academy. He flew jet fighters, became a test pilot, and in 1964 joined NASA as an astronaut.In 1968, Eisele flew aboard Apollo 7, the pioneer voyage of the Apollo moon landing program. He also served on the back-up crews for the ill-fated Apollo 1 and for Apollo 10, the prelude to the first moon landing.In 1972, Colonel Eisele retired from the Air Force and left the space program to become Director of the U. S. Peace Corps in Thailand. Upon returning from Thailand, Eisele became Sales Manager for Marion Power Shovel Company, a division of Dresser Industries. Presently, he handles private and corporate accounts for the investment firm of Oppenheimer and Company.Eisele holds a master of science degree in Astronautics. He has flown several thousand hours in a variety of flying machines ranging from hand gliders to rocket ships. His awards include the Distinguished Flying Cross, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, and a television "Emmy" for his performance in the first live telecast from outer space, on board Apollo Seven.Eisele resides in Ft. Lauderdale with his wife Susan, daughter Kristin and son Andrew. Eisele's interests include investments, energy, travel and writing. His published works include personal story articles, technical notes and speeches.</text>
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<text>NAME: Karl G. Henize (Ph.D.) Senior Scientist and Former AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born on October 17, 1926, in Cincinnati, Ohio. His brother, Mr. Wilson C. Henize, resides in Cincinnati.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 7 inches; weight: 170 polmds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Plainville and Mariemont, Ohio; received a bachelor of arts degree in mathematics in 1947, and a master of arts degree in astronomy in 1948, from the University of Virginia; and awarded a doctor of philosophy degree in astronomy by the University of Michigan in 1954.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Caroline Weber of Bay City, Michigan. CHILDREN: Kurt Gordon, February 27, 1955; Marcia Lynn, October 3, 1956; Skye Karen, June 5, 1961; and Vance Karl, September 1, 1969.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies include home computers, stamp collecting, and astronomy; and he also enjoys racquetball, baseball, skin diving, and mountain climbing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Astronomical Society, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, the International Astronomical Union, and Phi Beta Kappa.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the Robert Gordon Memorial Award for 1968; recipient of NASA Group Achievement Awards (1971, 1974, 1975, and 1978); and awarded the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1974).EXPERIENCE: Henize was an observer for the University of Michigan Observatory from 1948 to 1951, stationed at the Lamont-Hussey Observatory in Bloemfontein, Union of South Africa. While there, he conducted an objective-prismspectroscopic survey of the southern sky for stars and nebulae showing emission lines of hydrogen. In 1954, he became a Carnegie postdoctoral fellow at the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California, and conducted spectroscopic and photometric studies of emission-line stars and nebulae. From 1956 to 1959, he served as a senior astronomer at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. He was in charge of photographic satellite tracking stations for the satellite tracking program and responsible for the establishment and operation of a global network of 12 stations for photographic tracking of artificial Earth satellites.Dr. Henize was appointed associate professor in Northwestern University's Department of Astronomy in 1959, and was awarded a professorship in 1964. In addition to teaching, he conducted research on planetary nebulae, peculiar emission-line stars, S-stars, and T-associations. During 1961 and 1962, he was a guest observer at Mt. Stromlo Observatory in Canberra, Australia, where he used instruments ranging from the Uppsala 20/26-inch Schmidt to the 74-inch parabolic reflector.Henize also engaged in studies of ultraviolet optical systems and astronomical programs suited to the manned space flight program. He became principal investigator of experiment S-013, which obtained ultraviolet stellar spectra during the Gemini 10, 11, and 12 flights. He also became principal investigator of experiment S-019, in which a six-inch aperture objective-prism spectrograph was used on Skylab to obtain ultraviolet spectra of faint stars.From 1974 to 1978, Dr. Henize chaired the NASA Facility Definition Team for STARLAB, a proposed one-meter UV telescope for Spacelab. From 1978 to 1980, he chaired the NASA Working Group for the Spacelab Wide-Angle Telescope. From 1979 to 1986, he was the chairman of the International Astronomical Union Working Group for Space Schmidt Surveys and continues to be one of the leaders in proposing the use of a one-meter all reflecting Schmidt telescope to carry out a deep full-sky survey in far-ultraviolet wavelengths.He is the author and/or coauthor of more than 70 scientific publications dealing with astronomy research.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Henize was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He has completed the initial academic training and the 53-week jet pilot training program at Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma. He was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 15 mission and for the Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions. He was mission specialist for the ASSESS-2 spacelab simulation mission in 1977. He has logged 2,300 hours flying time in jet aircraft.Dr. Henize was a mission specialist on the Spacelab-2 mission (STS 51-F), which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985. He was accompanied by Col. Charles G. Fullerton (spacecraft commander), Col. Roy D. Bridges (pilot), fellow mission specialists, Drs. Anthony W. England and F. Story Musgrave, as well as two payload specialists, Drs. Loren Acton and John David Bartoe. This mission was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 18 major experiments of which seven were in the field of astronomy and solar physics, three were for studies of the Earth's ionosphere, two were life science experiments, and one studied the properties of superfluid helium. Dr. Henize's responsibilities included testing and operating the IPS, operating the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), maintaining the Spacelab systems, and operating several of the experiments. After l26 orbits of the Earth, STS 51-F Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 6, 1985. With the completion of this flight, Henize has logged 188 hours in space.Dr. Henize resigned from the Astronaut Office in April 1986.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Henize is currently a Senior Scientist in the Space Physics Branch of the Johnson Space Center Space and Life Sciences Directorate. His main interest is the detection and study of space debris and the evaluation of its potential hazard to the Space Station.He also continues to carry out astrophysical research on planetary nebulae and ultraviolet stellar spectra.FEBRUARY 1987</text>
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<text>NAME: Judith A. Resnik (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 5, 1949, in Akron, Ohio.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 4 inches; weight: 110 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Firestone High School, Akron, Ohio, in 1966; received a bachelor of science degree in Electrical Engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1970, and a doctorate in Electrical Engineering from the University of Maryland in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Unmarried.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: She is a classical pianist and also enjoys bicycling, running, and flying during her free time.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, American Association for the Advancement of Science, IEEE Committee on Professional Opportunities for Women; American Association of University Women; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Tau Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu, Mortarboard; and senior member of the Society of Women Engineers.SPECIAL HONORS: Graduate Study Program Award, RCA, 1971; American Association of University Women Fellow, 1975,1976; and NASA Space Flight Medal, 1984.EXPERIENCE: Upon graduating from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1970, she was employed by RCA in Moorestown, New Jersey; and in 1971, she transferred to RCA in Springfield, Virginia. Her projects while with RCA as a design engineer included circuit design and development of custom integrated circuitry for phased-array radar control systems; specification, project management, and performance evaluation of control system equipment; and engineering support for NASA sounding rocket and telemetry systems programs. She authored a paper concerning design procedures for special-purpose integrated circuitry.Dr. Resnik was a biomedical engineer and staff fellow in the Laboratory of Neurophysiology at the NationalInstitutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, from 1974 to 1977, where she performed biological research experiments concerning the physiology of visual systems. Immediately preceding her selection by NASA in 1978, she was a senior systems engineer in product development with Xerox Corporation at El Segundo California.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, she completed a one-year training and evaluation period in August 1979. She has since worked on a number of projects in support of Orbiter development, including experiment software, the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), and training techniques.She first flew as a mission specialist on STS 41-D, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1984. She was accompanied by spacecraft commander Hank Hartsfield, pilot Mike Coats, fellow mission specialists Steve Hawley and Mike Mullane, and payload specialist Charlie Walker. This was the maiden flight of the Orbiter Discovery. During this seven-day mission, the crew successfully activated the OAST-l solar cell wing experiment; deployed three satellites, SBS-D, SYNCOM IV-2, and TELSTAR 3-C; and operated the CFES-III experiment, the student crystal growth experiment, and photography experiments using the IMAX motion picture camera. The crew earned the name "Icebusters" by successfully removing hazardous ice particles from the orbiter using the Remote Manipulator System. STS 41-D completed 96 orbits of the earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1984. With the completion of this flight, Resnik logged 144 hours and 57 minutes in space.Dr. Resnik was a mission specialist on STS 51-L, which was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The crew on board the Orbiter Challenger included the spacecraft commander, F. R. Scobee, the pilot, Commander M. J. Smith (USN), fellow mission specialists, Dr. R. E. McNair, and Lieutenant Colonel E. S. Onizuga (USAF), as well as two civilian payload specialist, G. B. Jarvis and S. C. McAuliffe. The STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986 after Challenger exploded 1 minute and 13 seconds after launch.JANUARY 1986</text>
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<text>NAME: Robert F. Overmyer (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 14, 1936, in Lorain, Ohio, but considers Westlake, Ohio, his hometown.PHYSICAL DESCRlPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11-3/4 inches; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended and graduated from Westlake High School, Westlake, Ohio, in 1954. Received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from Baldwin Wallace College in 1958. Received a master of science degree in Aeronautics with a major in Aeronautical Engineering from the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1964.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Katherine E. Jones of Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania. CHILDREN: Carolyn Marie, 1966; Patricia Ann, 1968; Robert Rolandus, 1970.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Include skiing, water skiing, boating, acrobatic flying in open cockpit biplanes, coaching baseball, and running.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Experimental Aircraft Association, and Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the USAF Meritorious Service Medal in 1969 for duties with the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program; awarded the USMC Meritorious Service Medal in 1978 for duties as the chief chase pilot and support crewman for the Shuttle Approach and Landing Test Program; received an honorary doctor of philosophy degree from Baldwin Wallace College, December 1982; awarded the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Distinguished Engineers Award, January 1983; the USMC Distinguished Flying Cross (1983); and the NASA Space Flight Medal (1983).EXPERIENCE: Colonel Overmyer entered active duty with the Marine Corps in January 1958. After completing Navy flight training in Kingsville, Texas, he was assigned to Marine Attack Squadron 214 in November 1959. Colonel Overmyer was assigned to the Naval Postgraduate School in 1962 to study aeronautical engineering. Upon completion of his graduate studies, he served one year with Marine Maintenance Squadron 17 in Iwakuni, Japan. He was then assigned to the Air Force Test Pilots School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Colonel Overmyer was chosen as an astronaut for the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program in 1966. The program was cancelled in 1969. Colonel Overmyer has over 7,500 flight hours with over 6,000 in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: He was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1969 after the MOL Program was cancelled. His first assignment with NASA was engineering development duties on the Skylab Program from 1969 until November 1971. From November 1971 until December 1972, he was a support crew member for Apollo 17 and was the launch capsule communicator. From January 1973 until July 1975, he was a support crew member for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project and was the NASA capsule communicator in the mission control center in Moscow, USSR. ln 1976, he was assigned duties on the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Test (ALT) Program and was the prime T-38 chase pilot for Orbiter Free-Flights 1 and 3. In 1979 Colonel Overmyer was assigned as the Deputy Vehicle Manager of OV102 (Columbia) in charge of finishing the manufacturing and tiling of Columbia at the Kennedy Space Center, preparing it for its first flight. This assignment lasted until Columbia was transported to the launch pad in 1980.Colonel Overmyer was the pilot for STS-5, the first fully operational flight of the Shuttle Transportation System, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 11, 1982. He was accompanied by spacecraft commander, Vance D. Brand, and two mission specialists, Dr. Joseph P. Allen and Dr. William B. Lenoir. STS-5, the first mission with a four-man crew, clearly demonstrated the Space Shuttle as fully operational by the successful first deployment of two commercial communications satellites from the Orbiter's payload bay. The mission marked the first use of the Payload Assist Module (PAM-D), and its new ejection system. Numerous flight tests were performed throughout the mission to document Shuttle performance during launch, boost, orbit, atmospheric entry and landing phases. STS-5 was the last flight to carry the Development Flight Instrumentation (DFI) package to support flight testing. A Getaway Special, three Student Involvement Projects and medical experiments were included on the mission. The STS-5 crew successfully concluded the five-day orbital flight of Columbia with the first entry and landing through a cloud deck to a hard-surface runway and demonstrated maximum braking. Mission duration was 122 hours before landing on a concrete runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 16, 1982.Colonel Overmyer was the commander of STS 51-B, the Spacelab-3 (SL-3) mission. He commanded a crew of four astronauts and two payload specialists conducting a broad range of scientific experiments from space physics to the suitability of animal holding facilities. Mission 51-B was also the first Shuttle flight to launch a small payload from the Getaway Special cannisters. Mission 51-B launched at 12:02 p.m. EDT on April 29, 1985 from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, at 9:07 a.m. PDT on May 6, 1985. Mission 51-B completed 110 orbits of the earth at an altitude of 190 n.m.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Overmyer is presently assigned technical engineering duties within the Astronaut Office while awaiting another flight assignment.MAY 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: Neil A. ArmstrongNASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio.EDUCATION: Bachelor of science degree in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University; master of science degree in aerospace engineering from University of Southern California. He holds an honorary doctorate from a number of universities.PERSONAL: Married with 2 sons.NASA EXPERIENCE: Armstrong joined NACA, (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), NASA's predecessor, as a test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He was a project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the 4,000 mph X-15. He has flown over 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters, and gliders.In 1962, Armstrong was transferred to astronaut status. He served as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission, launched March 16, 1966, and performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.In 1969, Armstrong was commander of Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, and gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the Moon and the first man to step on its surface.Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters Office of Advanced Research and Technology, from 1970 to 1971, when he resigned from NASA.EXPERIENCE: From 1949 to 1952, he served as a naval aviator; he flew 78 combat missions during the Korean War.During 1971-1979, Armstrong was professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati, where he was involved in both teaching and research.SPECIAL HONORS: He is the recipient of many special honors, including the Presidential Medal for Freedom in 1969; the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy in 1970; the Robert J. Collier Trophy in 1969; and the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, 1978.MAY 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: James A. Lovell (Captain, USN Retired)BUSINESS AFFILIATION: Group Vice President, Centel Corporation (Business Communications Group)RESIDENCE: Lake Forest, Illinois.BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Cleveland, Ohio, March 25, 1928.EDUCATION: University of Wisconsin; United States Naval Academy, bachelor of science, 1952; Test Pilot School, NATC, Patuxent River, Maryland, 1958; Aviation Safety School, University of Southern California, 1961; Advanced Management Program, Harvard Business School, 1971; and honorary doctorates from Rockhurst College, Illinois Wesleyan University, Western Michigan University, and Mary Hardin Baylor College.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Marilyn Gerlach, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.CHILDREN: Barbara L., October 13, 1953; James A., February 15, 1955; Susan K., July 14, 1958; Jeffrey C., January 14, 1966.PREVIOUS ASSIGNMENT: During his Naval career he has had numerous aviator assignments, including a four-year tour as a test pilot at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland.While there he served as Program Manager for the F4H "Phantom" Fighter. A graduate of the Aviation Safety School of the University of Southern California, he also served as Safety Engineer with the Fighter Squadron 101 at the Naval Air Station, Oceana, Virginia.He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying time, including more than 3,500 hours in jet aircraft. Captain Lovell was selected as an Astronaut by NASA in September 1962. He has since served as backup pilot for the Gemini 4 flight and backup Commander for the Gemini 9 flight, as well as backup Commander to Neil Armstrong for the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission.On December 4, 1965, he and Frank Borman were launched into space on the history making Gemini 7 mission. The flight lasted 330 hours and 35 minutes and included the first rendezvous of two manned maneuverable spacecraft.The Gemini 12 mission, commanded by Lovell with Pilot Edwin Aldrin, began on November 11, 1966. This four-day, 59 revolution flight brought the Gemini program to a successful close.Lovell served as Command Module Pilot and Navigator on the epic six-day journey of Apollo 8, man's maiden voyage to the moon, December 21-Z7, 1968. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to be lifted into near-earth orbit by a 7-1/2 million pound thrust Saturn V launch vehicle; and Lovell and fellow crewmen, Frank Borman and William A. Anders, became the first humans to leave the Earth's gravitational influence.He completed his fourth mission as Spacecraft Commander of the Apollo 13 flight, April 11-17, 1970, and became the first man to journey twice to the moon. Apollo 13 was programmed for ten days; however, the original flight plan was modified en route to the moon due to a failure of the Apollo 13 Service Module cryogenic oxygen system. Lovell and fellow crewmen, John L. Swigert and Fred W. Haise, working closely with Houston ground controllers, converted their lunar module Aquarius into an effective lifeboat. Their emergency activation and operation of lunar module systems conserved both electrical power and water in sufficient supply to assure their safety and survival while in space and for the return to earth.Captain Lovell held the record for time in space with a total of 715 hours and 5 minutes until surpassed by the Skylab flights.On March 1, 1973, Captain Lovell retired from the Navy and from the Space Program to join Bay-Houston Towing Company in Houston, Texas. Bay-Houston Towing Company is a diversified company involved in harbor and coastwise towing, mining, and marketing of peat products for the lawn and garden industry, and ranching. He was promoted to the position of President and Chief Executive Officer on March 1, 1975.BUSINESS BACKGROUND: On January 1, 1977, Captain Lovell became president of Fisk Telephone Systems, Inc., in Houston, Texas (marketing business communications equipment) in the southwestern United States. On January 1, 1981, he was appointed Group Vice President, Business Communications Systems, a Centel Corporation.SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT: President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Captain Lovell as his consultant for Physical Fitness and Sports in June, 1967. When the Physical Fitness Council was revised under President Nixon in 1970, Captain Lovell was assigned the additional duty of Chairman of the Council. After eleven years of performing his dual role with the Council, he relinquished these positions in 1978. However, he is still a Consultant to the Council and is presently assisting the Council in achieving its objective of making all citizens aware of the importance of being physically fit. The office of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports is located in Washington, D.C.DIRECTORSHIPS: First City Bank-Almeda Genoa, Houston.AFFILIATIONS: Board of Directors of the North American Telephone Association; Trustee of the National Space Institute; Associate Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots; member Explorers Club; Fellow American Astronautical Society; Advisory Board, Health and Tennis Corporation of America; Board, Houstonian Fitness Center in Houston; Association of Physical Fitness Centers, Washington, D.C.; Executive Board, Sam Houston Area Boy Scouts of America.SPECIAL HONORS: Eagle Scout; Sam Houston Area Council 1976 Distinguished Eagle Scout Award; Presidential Medal for Freedom, 1970; NASA Distinguished Service Medal; two NASA Exceptional Service Medals; the Navy Astronauts Wings; the Navy Distinguished Service Medal; two Navy Distinguished Flying Crosses; 1967 FAI De Laval and Gold Space Medals (Athens, Greece); the American Academy of Achievement Golden Plate Award; City of New York Gold Medal in 1969; City of Houston Medal for Valor in 1969; the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Special Trustees Award, 1969; the Institute of Navigation Award, 1969; the University of Wisconsin's Distinguished Alumni Service Award, 1970; corecipient of the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Awards, 1966 and 1968; the Harmon International Trophy, 1966, 1967 and 1969; the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, 1969; the H. H. Arnold Trophy, 1969; General Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy, 1969; Robert J. Collier Trophy, 1968; Henry G. Bennett Distinguished Service Award; and the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award, 1970.</text>
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<text>NAME: Thomas David Jones (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 22, 1955, in Baltimore, Maryland. His parents, David and Rosemarie Jones, reside in Essex, Maryland.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Kenwood Senior High School, Essex, Maryland, in 1973; received a bachelor of science degree in Basic Sciences from the USAF Academy in Colorado Springs in 1977, and a doctorate in Planetary Science from the University of Arizona in Tucson in 1988.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Elizabeth Lynn Fulton of Hancock, Maryland. CHILDREN: Elizabeth Ann, born June 17, 1986; Bryce David, born March 3, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys baseball, hiking, biking, camping, skiing, and recreational flying. Reads extensively: favorite subjects are American and military history, particularly the American Civil War.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Astronomical Society (Division for Planetary Sciences), the American Geophysical Union, and the Meteoritical Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Phi Beta Kappa, University of Arizona, 1988; NASA Graduate Student Research Fellow, 1987; Air Force Commendation Medal, 1983; distinguished graduate, USAF Academy, 1977; and outstanding graduate in Basic Sciences, USAF Academy, 1977.EXPERIENCE: A Distinguished Graduate from the USAF Academy, Dr. Jones was stationed at Vance AFB, Oklahoma, from 1977 to 1978, and at Carswell AFB, Texas, from 1978 to 1983. As a B-52D bomber pilot and aircraft commander, he led a combat crew of six, accumulating over 2,000 hours of jet experience. He was a Captain when he resigned his commission in 1983.From 1983 to 1988 he worked toward his Ph.D. as a Graduate Research Assistant at the University of Arizona in Tucson. During his tenure there, he conducted planetary sciences research, especially the infrared remote sensing of asteroids, meteorite spectroscopy, and applications of space resources. From 1989 to 1990, he was a Program Management Engineer, Office of Development and Engineering, CIA, Washington, D.C. In early 1990, he joined Science Applications International Corporation in Washington, D.C. as a Senior Scientist. Dr. Jones performed advanced program planning for NASA Headquarters' Solar System Exploration Division, focusing on future robotic missions to Mars, asteroids, and the outer solar system.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Jones became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and currently oversees middeck payloads and payload training issues for the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Marsha S. IvinsNASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April l5, 1951, in Baltimore, Maryland. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Ivins, reside in Wallingford, Pennsylvania.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 4 inches; weight: 100 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Nether Providence High School, Wallingford, Pennsylvania, in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado in 1973.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, aerobics, reading, and baking.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the 99's (International Women Pilots Association), Experimental Aircraft Association, and International Aerobatic Club.NASA EXPERIENCE: Ivins has been employed at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center since July 1974, and until 1980, was assigned as an engineer, Crew Station Design Branch, working on Orbiter Displays and Controls and Man Machine Engineering. Her major assignment in 1978 was to participate in development of the Orbiter Head-Up Display (HUD). In 1980 she was assigned as a flight simulation engineer on the Shuttle Training Aircraft (Aircraft Operations). She continued to work on development of the Orbiter HUD, in addition to duties as a flight test engineer for the Shuttle Training Aircraft. Ivins also served as copilot in the NASA administrative aircraft (Gulfstream 1).She holds a multi-engine Airline Transport Pilot License with Gulfstream-l type rating, a single engine airplane, land, sea, and commercial licenses, a glider commercial license, and instrument, multi-engine and glider flight instructor ratings.She has logged over 4,500 hours in civilian and NASA aircraft.Selected by NASA in May 1984, Ivins became an astronaut in June 1985, qualifying for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Her technical assignments to date include astronaut support team for Orbiter test and checkout at the Cape, crew support for Orbiter launches and landings, payload operations involving upper stages, review of Orbiter safety and reliability issues, software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in Mission Control, crew interface for Space Station safety and reliability, and upgrades to the Orbiter cockpit.Ms. Ivins was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-32, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 9, 1990. In the longest Shuttle mission to date, crew members on board the Orbiter Columbia successfully deployed the Syncom IV-F5 satellite, and retrieved the 21,400 pound Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) using the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). They also operated a variety of middeck experiments, including the Microgravity Disturbance Experiment (MDE) using the Fluids Experiment Apparatus (FEA), Protein Crystal Growth (PCG), American Flight Echocardiograph (AFE), Latitude/Longitude Locator (L3), Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE), Characterization of Neurospora Circadian Rhythms (CNCR), and the IMAX Camera.She was responsible for conducting an extensive camera and film test to evaluate improved equipment and techniques for on-board Shuttle photography. Additionally, numerous medical test objectives, including in-flight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP), in-flight aerobic exercise, and muscle performance were conducted to evaluate human adaptation to extended duration missions. Following 173 orbits of the earth in 261 hours, Columbia returned with a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 20, 1990.With the completion of her first space flight, Ms. Ivins has logged a total of 261 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Ivins is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-46. This seven-day mission will feature the deployment of the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA), an ESA-sponsored free-flying science platform, and will also demonstrate the Tethered Satellite System (TSS), a joint project between NASA and the ltalian Space Agency.STS-46 is scheduled for launch in the Summer of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr. (Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 24, 1951, in Patuxent River, Maryland, but considers Virginia Beach, Virginia, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth S. Reightler, Sr., reside in Virginia Beach.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 1 inch; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Bayside High School, Virginia Beach, Virginia, in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from U.S. Naval Academy in 1973, and master of science degrees, in 1984, in Aeronautical Engineering from U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, and in Systems Management from University of Southern California.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Maureen Ellen McHenry of Virginia Beach, Virginia. CHILDREN: Katherine McHenry, November 24, 1978; Emily Harrison, February 7, 1984.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys sailing, wind surfing, camping.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Mac Short Award in Aviation from U.S. Naval Academy (1973), Navy Commendation Medal, Navy Unit Commendation, Meritorious Unit Commendation, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, National Defense Service Medal. Distinguished graduate, U.S. Naval Academy and U.S. Naval Test Pilot School.EXPERIENCE: Reightler graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1973, and was designated a naval aviator in August 1974 at Corpus Christi, Texas. After replacement pilot training in the P-3C airplane, he reported to Patrol Squadron Sixteen in Jacksonville, Florida, serving as both a Mission Commander and Patrol Plane Commander. He made deployments to Keflavik, Iceland, and to Sigonella, Sicily. Following jet transition training, Reightler attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland. Upon graduation in 1978, he remained at the Naval Air Test Center (NATC) where he served as test pilot and project officer for a variety of flight test programs involving the P-3, S-3, and T-39 airplanes. He later returned to the Test Pilot School, serving as a flight test instructor and safety officer flying the P-3, T-2, OV-1, T-39, and TA-7 airplanes. In June 1981 Reightler was assigned to USS DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (CVN-69) as Communications Officer and COD pilot, making two deployments to the Mediterranean Sea. Selected for postgraduate education, he attended the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Redesignated an Aerospace Engineering Duty Officer (AEDO) he was sent to transition training for the F/A-18 airplane with Strike Fighter Squadron 125 (VFA125) at NAS Lemoore, California. He then reported for duty to the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in March 1985, serving as Senior Airborne Systems Instructor Pilot and later as Chief Flight Instructor until his selection for the astronaut program. He has logged 4,000 hours flying time in over 60 different types of aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, Reightler completed a one-year training and evaluation program in August 1988, which qualified him for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments to date have included: Flight Crew Operations Directorate Representative to the Program Requirements Control Board; weather coordinator for Space Shuttle launches and landings; Astronaut Office Representative in the areas of ascent, entry, and aborts; and lead astronaut for flight software development and computer systems.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Commander Reightler is assigned as pilot on the five-man crew of STS-48. This five-day mission is intended to deploy the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) from a unique high-altitude, high-inclination orbit.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Leroy Chiao (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 28, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but considers Danville, California, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Tsu Tao Chiao, reside in Fairfield, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Monte Vista High School, Danville, California, in 1978; received a bachelor of science degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1983, and a master of science degree and a doctorate in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1985 and 1987, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, basketball, football, and skiing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE).SPECIAL HONORS: Invited to give technical seminars on Honeycomb Material and Bonded Panels, and Cure Modeling of Aerospace Composite Materials, at the Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, and at the Changsha Institute of Technology, 5th Department, in the Peoples Republic of China. Invited contributor to the International Encyclopedia of Composite Materials.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Chiao graduated in 1987 from the University of California at Santa Barbara and joined the Hexcel Corporation in Dublin, California. He worked for Hexcel until 1989, during which time he was involved in process and manufacturing engineering research on advanced aerospace materials; worked on a joint NASA-JPU Hexcel project to develop a practical, optically correct, precision segment reflector, made entirely of advanced polymer composite materials, for future space telescopes; as well as working on cure modeling and finite element analysis. In January of 1989, Dr. Chiao joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, where he was involved in processing research for fabrication of filament-wound and thick-section aerospace composites. Dr. Chiao also developed and demonstrated a mechanistic cure model for graphite fiber/epoxy composite material.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Chiao became an Astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned to Space Shuttle flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL).AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Mark C. Lee (Lt. Col., USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 14, 1952, in Viroqua, Wisconsin. His parents, Charles M. and Ruth Lee, reside in Viroqua, Wisconsin.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blonde hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 200 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Viroqua High School, Viroqua, Wisconsin, in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Civil Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1974, and a master of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980.MARITAL STATUS: Married to astronaut Jan Davis. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys jogging, swimming, carpentry, furniture refinishing, and farming.ORGANIZATIONS: Registered professional engineer in the State of Colorado. Member of the American Angus Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Defense Superior Service Medal, Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, two Air Force Commendation Medals, NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA Public Service Group Achievement Award, and NASA Exceptional Service Medal.EXPERIENCE: Following pilot training at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas, and F-4 upgrade at Luke Air Force Base,Arizona, Lee spent 2-1/2 years at Okinawa Air Base, Japan, flying F-4's in the 25th Tactical Fighter Squadron. Following this assignment, he began his studies at MIT in 1979, specializing in graphite/epoxy advanced composite materials. After graduation in 1980, he was assigned to Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, in the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) Program Office, as the Operational Support Manager. His responsibilities included resolving mechanical and material deficiencies which affected the mission readiness of the AWACS aircraft. In 1982 he returned to flying, upgrading in the F-16 and serving as Executive Officer for the 388TFW Deputy Commander for Operations, and as Flight Commander in the 4th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, until his selection as an astronaut candidate.He has logged 2,500 hours flying time, predominantly in the T-38, F-4 and F-16 aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Lee was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1984. In June 1985, he completed a one-year training and evaluation program, qualifying him for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flightcrews. His technical responsibilities within the Astronaut Office have included Extravehicular Activity (EVA), the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), and Spacelab. He has taken part in the planning and simulation for several EVA missions and served as the support crew member for mission 51-1, Leasat retrieval and repair. Lee has also served as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center, as Lead Cape Crusader at the Kennedy Space Center, and as Chief of Astronaut Appearances.Lee was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-30, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 4, 1989, aboard the Orbiter Atlantis. During this four-day mission, crew members successfully deployed the Magellan Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle. Magellan is scheduled to arrive at Venus in August 1990, and will map over 85% of the surface of Venus, for the first time, using synthetic aperture. In addition, crewmembers also worked on secondary payloads involving life sciences and crystals. Following 64 orbits of the earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on May 8, 1989. With the completion of his first flight, he has logged a total of 97 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Lt. Col. Lee is assigned as payload commander on STS-47, Spacelab-J. In this capacity he has overall crew responsibility for the planning, integration, and on-orbit coordination of payload/space shuttle activities. This cooperative mission between the United States and Japan, includes 35 Japanese life science and materials processing experiments as well as U.S. sponsored experiments in several life science areas. STS-47 is scheduled for launch in August 1992.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: F. Curtis Michel, Ph.D.BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 5, 1934, in LaCrosse, Wisconsin. His mother, Mrs. Viola Bloom, resides in Sacramento, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from C. K. McClatchey High School, Sacramento, California; received a bachelor of science degree with honors in Physics in 1955 and a doctorate in physics in 1962, both from the California Institute of Technology.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Beverly Muriel Kaminsky of Sacramento, California. CHILDREN: Jeffrey B., August 19, 1963; Alice E., July 30, 1966.OTHER ACTIVITIES: His hobbies are photography, tennis, handball, and baseball.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Physical Society, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Astronomical Society.EXPERIENCE: Michel was a junior engineer with the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company's Guided Missile Division before joining the Air Force in 1955. As an AFROTC graduate, he received flight training at Marana Air Force Base, Arizona, and at Laredo and Perrin Air Force Bases in Texas. During his three years of military service, he flew F-86D interceptors in the United States and in Europe.Following his tour of active duty in the Air Force, he was a research fellow at the California Institute of Technology, doing experimental and theoretical work in nuclear physics. He came to Houston in July 1963 and became a member of the faculty at Rice University. His efforts there were directed to researching and teaching space sciences, such as the interaction of solar winds and the lunar atmosphere. He has accumulated 1,000 hours flying time, including 900 hours in jet aircraft.Dr. Michel was selected in June 1965as a sientist-astronaut by NASAHe resigned in September 1969 to return to teaching and research, and was department chairman of the Space Physics and Astronomy Department at the Rice University in Houston, Texas, 1974-1979. He has been the Andrew Hays Buchanan Professor of Astrophysics since 1974. He was named a Guggenheim Fellow to the University of Paris, France, 1979-1980, and has been awarded an Alexander von Humboldt Senior U.S. Scientist Award to study in Heidelberg, 1982-1983.</text>
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<text>NAME: Daniel C. Brandenstein (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 17, 1943, in Watertown, Wisconsin. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Walter Brandenstein, are residents of Watertown, Wisconsin.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 195 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Watertown High School, Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1961; received a bachelor of science degree in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Wisconsin (River Falls) in 1965.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jane A. Wade of Balsam Lake, Wisconsin. CHILDREN: Adelle, January 7, 1972.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, sailing, basketball, softball, golf, and woodworking.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, United States Naval Institute, and Tailhook Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Distinguished Flying Cross, 17 Air Medals, two Navy Commendation Medals, Meritorious Unit Commendation, two NASA Outstanding Leadership Medals, three NASA Space Flight Medals, National Defense Service Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Legion of Honor (France), Medal of King Abdul Aziz (Saudi Arabia), Vietnam Service Medal, Vietnamese Air Gallantry Cross with Silver Star, Vietnamese Gallantry Medal, and Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, and Distinguished Alumnus, University of Wisconsin, River Falls.EXPERIENCE: Brandenstein entered on active duty with the Navy in September 1965 and was attached to the Naval Air Training Command for flight training. He was designated a naval aviator at Naval Air Station, Beeville, Texas, in May1967 and then proceeded to VA-128 for A-6 fleet replacement training. From 1968 to 1970, while attached to VA-196 flying A-6 Intruders, he participated in two combat deployments on board the USS CONSTELLATION and the USS RANGER to Southeast Asia and flew 192 combat missions. In subsequent assignments, he was attached to VX-5 for the conduct of operational tests of A-6 weapons systems and tactics; and to the Naval Air Test Center where, upon graduation from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland, he conducted tests of electronic warfare systems in various Navy aircraft. Brandenstein made a nine-month deployment to the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean on board the USS RANGER while attached to VA-145, flying A-6 Intruders from March 1975 to September 1977. Prior to reporting to Houston as an astronaut candidate, he was attached to VA-128 as an A-6 flight instructor.He has logged 5,600 hours flying time in 24 different types of aircraft and has 400 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Brandenstein became an astronaut in August 1979. He was ascent CAPCOM and a member of the astronaut support crew for STS-1, the first flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia. He was subsequently assigned to the STS-2 astronaut support crew and was the ascent CAPCOM for the second Space Shuttle flight. He has flown three missions: STS-8 in 1983, STS-51G in 1985, and STS-32 in 1990. Following his second space flight, Brandenstein served as the Deputy Director of Flight Crew Operations until his assignment to his current position of Chief of the Astronaut Office.Brandenstein was pilot on STS-8, his first flight, which launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on August 30, 1983. This was the third flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a night launch and night landing. During the mission crew members deployed the Indian National Satellite (INSAT-1B); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) with the Payload Flight Test Article (PFTA); operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) with live cell samples; conducted medical measurements to understand biophysiological effects on space flight; and activated various earth resources and space science experiments, along with four Getaway Special canisters. STS-8 completed 98 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on September 3, 1983.On his second mission, (June 17-24, 1985), Brandenstein commanded the crew of STS-51G aboard the Orbiter Discovery. During this seven-day mission, crew members deployed communications satellites for Mexico (Morelos), the Arab League (Arabsat), and the United States (AT&T Telstar). They used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to deploy and later retrieve the SPARTAN satellite which performed 17 hours of x-ray astronomy experiments while separated from the Space Shuttle. In addition, the crew activated the Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF), six Getaway Specials, participated in biomedical experiments, and conducted a laser tracking experiment as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative. The mission was accomplished in approximately 170 hours and 112 earth orbits.Brandenstein then commanded the crew of STS-32 (January 9-20, 1990). In the longest Shuttle mission to date, crew members aboard the Orbiter Columbia successfully deployed the Syncom IV-F5 satellite, and retrieved the 21,400 pound Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) using the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). They also operated a variety of middeck experiments, including the microgravity disturbance experiment (MDE) using the fluids experiment apparatus (FEA), protein crystal growth (PCG), american flight echocardiograph (AFE), latitude/longitude locator (L3), mesoscale lightning experiment (MLE), characterization of neurospora circadian rhythms (CNCR), and the IMAX camera. Additionally, numerous medical test objectives, including in-flight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP), in-flight aerobic exercise, and muscle performance were conducted to evaluate human adaptation to extended duration missions. Following 173 orbits of the earth in 261 hours, the mission ended with a night landing in California.With the completion of his third flight, Brandenstein has logged 576 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Brandenstein is Chief of the Astronaut Office and is also assigned to command the crew of STS-49. During this eight-day mission, crew members will attach a new booster and redeploy the Intelsat satellite and will also perform three EVAs (spacewalks) as part of an extensive test of EVA techniques to be employed during Space Station assembly. STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992 aboard the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.JANUARY 1991</text>
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SlaytonBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 1, 1924 in Sparta, Wisconsin.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10-1/2 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Sparta High School; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1949; an honorary doctorate in Science from Carthage College, Carthage, Illinois, in 1961; and an honorary doctorate in Engineering from Michigan Technological University in Houghton, Michigan, in 1965.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Bobbie Osborn of Dickinson, Texas.CHILDREN: Kent, April 8, 1957.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies are hunting, fishing, shooting, and airplane racing.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots the American Astronautical Society; the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; member of the Experimental Aircraft Association, the Space Pioneers, International Formula Air Racing, National Air Racing Group, U.S. Air Racing Association; life member of the Order of Daedalians, the National Rifle Association of America, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles; and honorary member of the American Fighter Aces Association, and the National WWII Glider Pilots Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded four NASA Distinguished Service Medals, two NASA Outstanding Leadership Medals and a NASA Exceptional Service Medal; the Collier Trophy; the SETP Iven C. Kincheloe Award; the General Billy Mitchell Award; the SETP J. H. Doolittle Award for 1972; the National Institute of Social Science's Gold Medal (1975); the Zeta Beta Tau's Richard Gottheil Medal (1975); the Wright Brothers International Manned Space Flight Award (1975); the Veterans of Foreign Wars National Space Award (1976); the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's Yuri Gagarin Gold Medal (1976); the American Heart Association's Heart of the Year Award (1976); the District 35-R Lions International American of the Year Award (1976); the AIAA Special Presidential Citation (1977); the University of Minnesota's Outstanding Achievement Award (1977); the Houston Area Federal Business Association's Civil Servant of the Year Award (1977); the AAS Flight Achievement Award for 1976 (1977); and the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1978 (1978).EXPERIENCE: Slayton entered the Air Force as an aviation cadet and received his wings in April 1943 after completing flight training at Vernon and Waco, Texas.As a B-25 pilot with the 340th Bombardment Group, he flew 56 combat missions in Europe. He returned to the United States in mid-1944 as a B-25 instructor pilot at Columbia, South Carolina, and later served with a unit responsible for checking pilot proficiency on the A-26. In April 1945, he was sent to Okinawa with the 319th Bombardment Group and flew seven combat missions over Japan. He served as a B-25 instructor for one year following the end of the war and subsequently left the Air Force to enter the University of Minnesota. He became an aeronautical engineer after graduation and worked for two years with the Boeing Aircraft Corporation at Seattle, Washington, before being recalled to active duty in 1951 with the Minnesota Air National Guard.Upon reporting for duty, he was assigned as maintenance flight test officer of an F-51 squadron located in Minneapolis, followed by 18 months as a technical inspector at Headquarters Twelfth Air Force, and a similar tour as fighter pilot and maintenance officer with the 36th Fighter Day Wing at Bitburg, Germany. Returning to the United States in June 1955, he attended the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He was a test pilot there from January 1956 until April 1959 and participated in the testing of fighter aircraft built for the United States Air Force and some foreign countries.He has logged more than 8,000 hours flying time, including 5,100 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Slayton was named as one of the Mercury astronauts in April 1959. He was originally scheduled to pilot the Mercury-Atlas 7 mission but was relieved of this assignment due to a heart condition discovered in August 1959. The MA-7 mission was subsequently flown by M. Scott Carpenter in May 1962.Slayton became Coordinator of Astronaut Activities in September 1962 and was responsible for the operation of the astronaut office. In November 1963, he resigned his commission as an Air Force Major to assume the role of Director of Flight Crew Operations. In this capacity, he was responsible for directing the activities of the astronaut office, the aircraft operations office, the flight crew integration division, the crew training and simulation division and the crew procedures division. Slayton was restored to full flight status and certified eligible for manned space flights in March 1972, following a comprehensive review of his medical status by NASA's Director of Life Sciences and the Federal Aviation Agency.Slayton made his first space flight as Apollo docking module pilot of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission, July 15-24, 1975, a joint space flight culminating in the first historical meeting in space between American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts. Completing the United States flight crew for this nine-day earth-orbital mission were Thomas P. Stafford (Apollo commander) and Vance D. Brand (Apollo command module pilot). In the Soviet spacecraft were cosmonauts Alexey Leonov (Soyuz commander) and Valeriy Kubasov (Soyuz flight engineer). The crew members of both nations participated in a rendezvous and subsequent docking with Apollo the active spacecraft. The event marked the successful testing of a universal docking system and signalled a major advance in efforts to pave the way for the conduct of joint experiments and/or the exchange of mutual assistance in future international space explorations. There were 44 hours of docked joint activities during ASTP, highlighted by four crew transfers andthe completion of a number of joint scientific experiments and engineering investigations. All major ASTP objectives were accomplished and included: testing a compatible rendezvous system in orbit; testing of androgynous docking assemblies; verifying techniques for crew transfers; and gaining experience in the conduct of joint international flights. Apollo splashed down in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii and was quickly recovered by the USS NEW ORLEANS. Slayton logged 217 hours and 28 minutes in his first space flight.As Manager for Approach and Landing Test from December 1975 through November 1977, Slayton directed the space shuttle approach and landing test project through a series of critical orbiter flight tests that allowed in-flight test and checkout of flight controls and orbiter subsystems and permitted extensive evaluations of the orbiter's subsonic flying qualities and performance characteristics.From November 1977 to February 1982, Slayton served as manager for the Orbital Flight Test, directing orbital flight mission preparations and conducting mission operations. This included OFT operations scheduling, mission configuration control, preflight stack configuration control, and conducting planning reviews, mission readiness reviews, and postflight mission evaluations. He was also responsible for the 747/orbiter ferry program. Slayton retired from NASA February 27, 1982.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: He is President, Vice Chairman of the Board, Space Services, Inc., and a consultant to some aerospace corporations. Other positions being held are Chairman, Space America Inc., President, International Formula One Pylon Air Racing, DOT Commercial Space Advisory Committee, and Director, Columbia Astronautics.MARCH 1987</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles Lacy Veach NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 18, 1944, in Chicago, Illinois, but considers Honolulu, Hawaii, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Marshall E. Veach, reside in Honolulu, Hawaii.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet10 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Punahou School, Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1962; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Management from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1966.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Alice Meigs Scott of Waycross, Georgia. CHILDREN: Marshall Scott, January 7, 1972; Katherine Maile, October 9, 1974.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys surfing, bicycling, reading, and activities with his family.SPECIAL HONORS: Distinguished Flying Cross with two Oak Leaf Clusters, Air Medal with 13 Oak Leaf Clusters, Air Force Commendation Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster, and Purple Heart.EXPERIENCE: Veach was commissioned in the United States Air Force upon graduation from the Air ForceAcademy. He received his pilot wings at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, in 1967, and then attended fighter gunnery school at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona. Over the next 14 years, he served as a USAF fighter pilot, flying the F-100 Super Sabre, the F-111 and the F-105 Thunderchief, on a variety of assignments in the United States, Europe and the Far East, including a 275-mission combat tour in the Republic of Vietnam. In 1976 and 1977, he was a member of the USAF Air Demonstration Squadron, the Thunderbirds. Veach left active duty in 1981, but continues to fly fighters as an F-16 pilot with the Texas Air National Guard. He has logged over 5,000 flying hours.NASA EXPERIENCE: Veach came to work for NASA in January 1982. Employed as an engineer and research pilot at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, his primary duty in that capacity was as an Instructor Pilot in the Shuttle Training Aircraft, the highly modified Gulfstream II's used to train astronaut shuttle pilots to land the Space Shuttle.Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1984, Veach completed a one-year training and evaluation program in June 1985, qualifying him for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Since then he has held a variety of technical assignments, including flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), and capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for STS 61-A, 61-B and 61-C.Mr. Veach flew as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-39, the fortieth mission of the Space Shuttle Program. On this, the most complex Space Shuttle mission to date, Veach was responsible for operating a group of instruments which included an ultraviolet astronomical camera, an x-ray telescope and a liquid helium-cooled infrared telescope which performed landmark observations of the earth's atmosphere and the Aurora Australis, or Southern Lights. The eight-day, unclassified, Department of Defense mission aboard the orbiter, Discovery, launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 28, 1991, and landed at Kennedy on May 6, 1991.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Veach is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-52, scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: James A. McDivitt (Brig. General, USAF, Retired)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 10, 1929, in Chicago, Illinois. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. James McDivitt, reside in Jackson, Michigan.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Grey hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Kalamazoo Central High School, Kalamazoo, Michigan; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Michigan (graduated first in class) in 1959 and an Honorary Doctorate in Astronautical Science from the University of Michigan in 1965; Honorary Doctor of Science, Seton Hall University, 1969; Honorary Doctor of Science, Miami University (Ohio), 1970; Honorary Doctor of Laws, Eastern Michigan University, 1975.MARITAL STATUS: Single.CHILDREN: Michael A., April 14, 1957; Ann L., July 21, 1958; Patrick W., August 30, 1960; Kathleen M., June 16, 1966.OTHER ACTIVITIES: His hobbies include hunting, golf, swimming, tennis, and racquet ball.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tau Beta Pi, and Phi Kappa Phi.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded two NASA Distinguished Service Medals; NASA Exceptional Service Medal; two Air Force Distinguished Service Medals; four Distinguished Flying Crosses; five Air Medals; the Chong Moo Medal from South Korea; the USAF Air Force Systems Command Aerospace Primus Award; the Arnold Air Society JFK Trophy; the Sword of Loyola; the Michigan Wolverine Frontiersman Award; and USAF Astronaut Wings.EXPERIENCE: McDivitt joined the Air Force in 1951 and retired in the rank of Brig. General. He flew 145 combat missions during the Korean War in F-80s and F-86s.He is a graduate of the USAF Experimental Test Pilot School and the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot course and served as an experimental test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, California.He has logged over 5,000 flying hours.General McDivitt was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962.He was command pilot for Gemini 4, a 66-orbit four-day mission that began on June 3 and ended June 7, 1965. Highlights of the mission included a controlled extravehicular activity period and a number of experiments.He was commander of Apollo 9, a ten-day earth orbital flight launched on March 3, 1969. This was the first flight of the complete set of Apollo hardware and was the first flight of the Lunar Module.He became Manager of Lunar Landing Operation in May 1969, and led a team that planned the lunar exploration program and redesigned the spacecraft to accomplish this task. In August 1969, he became Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program and was the program manager for Apollo 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. He retired from the USAF and left NASA in June 1972, to take the position of Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs for Consumers Power Company. In March 1975, he joined Pullman, Inc. as a Vice President and in October 1975 he became President of the Pullman Standard Division of Pullman, Inc. Pullman Standard is the largest builder of railroad cars in the United States. In January 1981 he joined Rockwell International Corporation where he is Senior Vice President, Strategic Management.</text>
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<text>NAME: Carl J. Meade (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 16, 1950, at Chanute Air Force Base, Illinois. His father, Mr. John Meade, resides in Universal City, Texas. His mother, Mrs. Esther J. Meade, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRlPTlON: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Randolph High School, Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, in 1968; received a bachelor of science degree (with honors) in Electronics Engineering from the University of Texas in 1973, and a master of science degree in Electronics Engineering from California Institute of Technology in 1975.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Cheryl Ann Root of San Antonio, Texas. CHILDREN: David James, December 5, 1985.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys woodworking, home-built aircraft construction, racquetbalI, jogging, and snow skiing.ORGANlZAIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), Tau Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu, Phi Kappa Phi, the Experimental Aircraft Association, and is a registered professional engineer.SPECIAL HONORS: Hughes Fellow, California Institute of Technology. Distinguished graduate of USAF Undergraduate Pilot Training, and USAF Test Pilot School. Recipient of the Liethen-Tittle Award as the Outstanding Test Pilot of USAF Test Pilot School Class 80B. Awarded two Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards, and the NASA Group Achievement Award.EXPERIENCE: Prior to entering active duty in the United States Air Force, Meade was a Hughes Fellow at the California Institute of Technology and an electronics design engineer at Hughes Aircraft Company in Culver City, California. He entered the U.S. Air Force at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas, where he was a distinguished graduate of Undergraduate Pilot Training. In 1977, Meade was assigned to the 363rd Tactical Reconnaissance Wing at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, where he flew the RF-4C. He was then selected as a member of the USAF Test Pilot School Class 80B. Upon graduation, he received the Liethen-Tittle Award for the Outstanding Test Pilot and was assigned to the 6510th Test Wing at Edwards Air Force Base, California. While there, Meade was involved with research development test and evaluation of the F-SE, RF-SE and F-20 aircraft and the ground-launched and air-launched cruise missiles. He also performed high speed taxi, braking, tailhook, takeoff, landing, flying qualities, performance, and weapon systems test in the F-4E aircraft. Meade was then assigned to the F-16 Combined Test Force where he flew performance, loads and flutter, flying qualities, and weapon systems tests in both the F-16A and F-16C aircraft. In 1985, he was reassigned to the USAF Test Pilot School as a test pilot instructor in the F-4, A-7, A-37 and various gliders, teaching performance, stability/control, departure/spins, and radar flight test techniques. He was also the Departure/Spin Lead Instructor and Avionics Systems Test Training Aircraft Program Manager.He has logged over 3,500 hours of jet time in 27 different aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1985, Meade completed initial training in July 1986 and is now qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. He has held a variety of technical assignments including verification testing of flight software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), crew escape flight tests, Orbiter ground egress tests and launch support duties, both at theKennedy Space Center and at the Johnson Space Center. Prior to STS-38, Meade was the astronaut office representative to the Solid Rocket Booster Program and the Space Shuttle Main Engine Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center.More recently, Meade served as mission specialist on STS-38. The five-member crew launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 15, 1990. During the five-day mission, he conducted Department of Defense operations. After 80 orbits of the earth, in the first Shuttle recovery in Florida since 1985, Space Shuttle Atlantis and her crew landed back at the Kennedy Space Center on November 20, 1990. With the completion of this flight, he has logged 117 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Meade is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-50, scheduled for launch aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in June 1992. STS-50 will be the first flight of the United States Microgravity Laboratory. Over a two-week period, the STS-50 flight crew will conduct a wide variety of experiments relating to materials processing in a microgravity environment.MAY 1991</text>
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<text>Eugene A. Cernan, Capt., USN (Ret.) Chicago, IL (3-14-34) BS (Purdue); MS (Navy Postgrad.) Gemini 9, Apollo 10 11th man on the Moon, Apollo 17</text>
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<text> Thomas K. Mattingly, II, Capt., USN Chicago, IL (3-17-36) BS (Auburn University) CM Pilot Apollo 16 STS-4, STS 51-C</text>
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<text>NAME: Eugene A. Cernan (Captain, USN, Retired) Former NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE and DATE: Born in Chicago, Illinois, on March 14, 1934. His mother, Mrs. Andrew G. Cernan, resides in Bremerton, Washington.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Gray hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 190 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Proviso Township High School in Maywood, Illinois; received a bachelor of science degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University in 1956 and a master of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California; recipient of an Honorary Doctorate of Law degree from Western State University College of Law in 1969, an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering from Purdue University in 1970, and Drexel University in 1977. Petroleum Economics and Management Seminar, Northwestern University, 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Single.CHILDREN: Teresa Dawn, March 4, 1963.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies include love for horses, all competitive sports activities, including hunting, fishing and flying.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow, American Astronautical Society; member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots; member, Tau Beta Pi (National Engineering Society), Sigma Xi (National Science Research Society), Phi Gamma Delta (National Social Fraternity), and the Explorer's Club.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, the JSC Superior Achievement Award, two Navy Distinguished Service Medals, the Navy Astronaut Wings, the Navy Distinguished Flying Cross, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Special Trustees Award (1969), the Federation Aeronautique Internationale Gold Space Medal for 1972, the Cities of Houston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York Gold Medals, the VFW National Space Medal in 1973.EXPERIENCE: Cernan, a retired United States Navy Captain, received his commission through the Navy ROTC Program at Purdue. He entered flight training upon graduation and was assigned to Attack Squadrons 26 and 113 at the Miramar, California, Naval Air Station, and subsequently attended the Naval Postgraduate School.He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying time with more than 4,800 hours in jet aircraft and over 200 jet aircraft landings.Captain Cernan was one of fourteen astronauts selected by NASA in October 1963.He occupied the pilot seat alongside of command pilot Tom Stafford on the Gemini IX mission. During this three-day flight, which began on June 3, 1966, the spacecraft achieved a circular orbit of 161 statute miles; the crew used three different techniques to effect rendezvous with the previously launched Augmented Target Docking Adapter; and Cernan, the second American to walk in space, logged two hours and ten minutes outside the spacecraft in extravehicular activities. The flight ended after 72 hours and 20 minutes with a perfect reentry and recovery as Gemini IX landed within 1-1/2 miles of the prime recovery ship USS WASP and 3/8 of a mile from the predetermined target.Cernan subsequently served as backup pilot for Gemini 12 and as backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 7.On his second space flight, he was lunar module pilot of Apollo 10, May 18-26, 1969, the first comprehensive lunar orbital qualification and verification flight test of an Apollo lunar module. He was accompanied on the 248,000 nautical sojourn to the moon by Thomas P. Stafford (spacecraft commander) and John W. Young (command module pilot). In accomplishing all of the assigned objectives of this mission, Apollo 10 confirmed the operations performance, stability, and reliability of the command/service module and lunar module configuration during translunar coast, lunar orbit insertion, and lunar module separation and descent to within eight nautical miles of the lunar surface. The latter maneuver involved employing all but the final minutes of the technique prescribed for use in an actual lunar landing, and allowed critical evaluations of the lunar module propulsions sytems and rendezvous and landing radar devices in subsequent rendezvous and redocking maneuvers. In addition to demonstrating that man could navigate safely and accurately in the moon's gravitational fields, Apollo 10 photographed and mapped tentative landing sites for future missions.Cernan's next assignment was backup spacecraft commander for Apollo 14.He made his third space flight as spacecraft commander of Apollo 17,the last scheduled manned mission to the moon for the United States, which commenced at 11:33 P.M. (CST), December 6, 1972, with the first manned nighttime launch, and concluded on December 19, 1972. With him on the voyage of the command module America and the lunar module Challenger were Ronald Evans (command module pilot) and Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt (lunar module pilot). In maneuvering Challenger to a landing at Taurus-Littrow, located on the southeast edge of Mare Serenitatis, Cernan and Schmitt activated a base of operations from which they completed three highly successful excursions to the nearby craters and the Taurus mountains, making the Moon their home for over three days. This last mission to the moon established several new records for manned space flight that include: longest manned lunar landing flight (301 hours 51 minutes); longest lunar surface extravehicular activities (22 hours 6 minutes); largest lunar sample return (an estimated 115 kg (249 lbs.));; and longest time in lunar orbit (147 hours 48 minutes). While Cernan and Schmitt conducted activities on the lunar surface, Evans remained in lunar orbit aboard the America, completing assigned work tasks requiring geological observations, handheld photography of specific targets, and the control of cameras and other highly sophisticated scientific equipment carried in the command module SIM-bay. Evans also completed a one-hour, six-minute extravehicular activity on the transearth coast phase of the return flight, successfully retrieving three camera cassetes and completing a personal inspection of the equipment bay area. Apollo 17 ended with a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean approximately 0.4 miles from the target point and 4.3 miles from the prime recovery ship USS TICONDEROGA .Captain Cernan has logged 566 hours and 15 minutes in space, of which more than 73 hours were spent on the surface of the moon, and was the last man of Apollo to leave his footprints on the surface of the moon.In September 1973, Cernan assumed additional duties as Special Assistant to the Program Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program at the Johnson Space Center. In this capacity, he assisted in the planning, development, and evaluation of the joint United States/Soviet Union Apollo-Soyuz mission, and he acted for the program manager as the senior United States negotiator in direct discussions with the USSR on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.On July 1, 1976, Captain Cernan retired after over 20 years with the U. S. Navy. He concurrently terminated his formal association with NASA. Cernan joined Coral Petroleum, Inc., of Houston, Texas, as Executive Vice President-International. His responsibilities were to enhance Coral's energy related programs on a worldwide basis.In September 1981, Captain Cernan started his own company, The Cernan Corporation, to pursue management and consultant interests in the energy, aerospace, and other related industries. Additionally, he has been actively involved as a coanchorman on ABC-TV's presentations of the flight of the shuttle.Captain Cernan was the second American to have walked in space, having spanned the circumference of the world twice in a little more than two and one half hours. He was one of the two men to have flown to the moon on two occasions, and as commander of the last mission to the moon, Apollo 17, had the privilege and distinction of being the last man to have left his footprints on the surface of the moon.</text>
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<text>NAME: Thomas K. Mattingly II (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Chicago, Illinois, March 17, 1936. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas K. Mattingly, now reside in Hialeah, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 140 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Florida elementary and secondary schools and is a graduate of Miami Edison High School, Miami, Elorida; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Auburn University in 1958.MARITAL STATUS: Separated.CHILDREN: Thomas K., III, May 13, 1972.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Fellow, American Astronautical Society: and member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and the U.S. Naval Institute.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, the JSC Certificate of Commendation (1970), the JSC Group Achievement Award (1972), the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and Navy Astronaut Wings, the SETP Ivan C. Kincheloe Award (1972), the Delta Tau Delta Achievement Award (1972), the Auburn Alumni Engineers Council Outstanding Achievement Award (1972), the AAS Flight Achievement Award for 1972, the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1973, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's V. M. Komalov Diploma in 1973, and the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal in 1982.EXPERIENCE: Prior to reporting for duty at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, he was a student at the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School.Mattingly began his Naval career as an Ensign in 1958 and received his wings in l960. He was then assigned to VA-35 and flew AIH aircraft aboard the USS SARATOGA from 1960 to 1963. In July 1963, he served in VAH-II deployed aboard the USS FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT where he flew the A3B aircraft for two years.He has logged 7,200 hours of flight time, including 5,000 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Captain Mattingly is one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 8 and 11 missions and was the astronaut representative in development and testing of the Apollo spacesuit and backpack (EMU).He was designated command module pilot for the Apollo 13 flight, but was removed from flight status 72 hours prior to the scheduled launch due to exposure to the German measles.Mattingly subsequently served as command module pilot of Apollo 16, April 16-27, 1972. He was accompanied on the fifth manned lunar landing mission by John W. Young (spacecraft commander) and Charles M. Duke, Jr. (lunar module pilot). The mission assigned to Apollo 16 was to collect examples from the lunar highlands at a location near the crater Descartes. While in lunar orbit the scientific instruments aboard the command and service module Casper extended the photographic and geochemical mapping of a belt around the lunar equator. Twenty-six separate scientific experiments were conducted both in lunar orbit and during cislunar coast. Major emphasis was placed on using man as an orbital observer capitalizing on the human eye's unique capabilities and man's inherent curiosity. Although the mission of Apollo 16 was terminated one day early, due to concern over several spacecraft malfunctions, all major objectives were accomplished through the ceaseless efforts of the mission support team and were made possible by the most rigorous preflight planning yet associated with an Apollo mission.Mattingly worked as head of astronaut office support to the STS (Shuttle Transportation System) program from January 1973 to March 1978. He was next assigned as technical assistant to the Manager of the Orbital Flight Test Program. From December 1979 to April 198l, he headed the astronaut office ascent/entry group. He subsequently served as backup commander for STS-2 and STS-3, Columbia's second and third orbital test flights.Mattingly was spacecraft commander for the fourth and final orbital test flight of the Shuttle Columbia (STS-4), which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 27 June 1982. He was accompanied by Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr., (pilot) on this seven-day mission designed to further verify ascent and entry phases of shuttle missions; perform continued studies of the effects of long-term thermal extremes on the Orbiter subsystems; and conduct a survey of Orbiter-induced contamination on the Orbiter payload bay. Additionally, the crew operated several scientific experiments located in the Orbiter's cabin and in the payload bay. These experiments included the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System experiment designed to investigate the separation of biological materials in a fluid according to their surface electrical charge. This experiment was a pathfinder for the first commercial venture to capitalize on the unique characteristics of space. The crew is also credited with effecting an in-flight repair which enabled them to activate the first operational Getaway Special, which was composed of nine experiments that ranged from algae and duckweed growth in space to fruit fly and brine shrimp genetic studies. STS-4 completed 112 orbits of the Earth before landing on a concrete runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on July 4th.With the completion of two space flights, Captain Mattingly has logged 435 hours and 2 minutes in space, 1 hour and 13 minutes of which were spent in extravehicular activity (EVA) during his Apollo 16 flight.Mattingly also served as the Head of the Astronaut Office DOD Support Group from June 1983 through May 1984.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Mattingly has been designated to serve as spacecraft commander for the first DOD mission to be flown aboard Space Shuttle 51-C.SEPTEMBER 1984</text>
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<text>NAME: Joseph P. Kerwin (Captain, MC, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 19,1932, in Oak Park, Illinois. His mother, Mrs. Edward M. Kerwin, resides in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 177 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Fenwick High School, Oak Park, Illinois, in 1949; received a bachelor of arts degree in Philosphy from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1953; a doctor of medicine degree from Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, in 1957; completed internship at the District of Columbia General Hospital in Washington, D.C.; and attended the U.S. Navy School of Aviation Medicine at Pensacola, Florida, and was designated a naval flight surgeon in December 1958.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Shirley Ann Good of Danville, Pennsylvania.CHILDREN: Sharon, September 14, 1963; Joanna, January 5, 1966; Kristina, May 4, 1968.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies are reading and classical music.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association; member of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association.EXPERIENCE: Kerwin, a Captain, has been in the Navy Medical Corps since July 1958. He earned his wings at Beeville, Texas, in 1962.He has logged 4,500 hours flying time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Captain Kerwin was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in June 1965.Kerwin served as science-pilot for the Skylab 2 (SL-2) mission which launched on May 25 and terminated on June 22, 1973. With him for the initial activation and 28-day night qualification operations of the Skylab orbital workshop were Charles Conrad, Jr., (spacecraft commander) and Paul J. Weitz (pilot).Kerwin was subsequently in charge of the on-orbit branch of the Astronaut Office. In this capacity, he coordinated astronaut activity involving rendezvous, satellite deployment and retrieval, and other Shuttle payload operations.From April 1982 until December 1983, Kerwin served as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's senior science representative in Australia. In this capacity, he served as liaison between NASA's Office of Space Tracking and Data Systems and Australia's Department of Science and Technology.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Kerwin is currently Director, Space and Life Sciences, Johnson Space Center. In this capacity, he is responsible for direction and coordination of medical support to operational manned spacecraft programs, including health care and maintenance of the astronauts and their families; for direction of life services, supporting research and light experiment project; and manages JSC earth sciences and scientific efforts in lunar and planetary research.FEBRUARY 1984</text>
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<text>NAME: Steven R. Nagel (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 27, 1946, in Canton, Illinois. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ivan R. Nagel, reside in Canton.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 1-1/2 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Canton Senior High School, Canton, Illinois, in 1964; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering (high honors) from the University of Illinois in 1969, and a master of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from California State University, Fresno, California, in 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Linda Diane Penney of Los Angeles, California. CHILDREN: Whitney, December 19, 1988.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies include sports and flying light airplanes and gliders.ORGANIZATIONS: Life member of the Order of Daedalians and Alpha Delta Phi; and honorary member of Phi Eta Sigma, Sigma Tau, Tau Beta Pi, and Sigma Gamma Tau.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with 7 Oak Leaf Clusters; and for undergraduate pilot training, recipient of the Commander's Trophy, the Flying Trophy, the Academic Trophy, and the Orville Wright Achievement Award (Order of Daedalians); also presented the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal (1978), and NASA Space Flight Medals (1985).EXPERIENCE: Nagel received his commission in 1969 through the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) program at the University of Illinois. He completed undergraduate pilot training at Laredo Air Force Base, Texas, in February 1970, and subsequently reported to Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, for F-100 checkout training.From October 1970 to July 1971, Nagel was an F-100 pilot with the 68th Tactical Fighter Squadron at England Air Force Base, Louisiana. He served a one-year tour of duty as a T-28 instructor for the Laotian Air Force at Udorn RTAFB, Udorn, Thailand, prior to returning to the United States in October 1972 to assume A-7D instructor pilot and flight examiner duties at England Air Force Base, Louisiana. Nagel attended the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, from February to December 1975; and in January 1976, he was assigned to the 6512th Test Squadron located at Edwards. As a test pilot, he has worked on various projects which have included flying the F-4 and A-7D.He has logged 6,700 hours flying time, including 4,400 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Nagel became a NASA astronaut in August 1979. His technical assignments have included backup T-38 chase pilot for STS-1; support crew and backup entry CAPCOM for STS-2; support crew and primary entry CAPCOM for STS-3; and software verification at Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) and Flight Simulation Laboratory (FSL); representing the Astronaut Office in the development of a crew escape system for the Space Shuttle.Nagel first flew as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-51G, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 17, 1985. The crew on board the Orbiter Discovery deployed communications satellites for Mexico (Morelos), the Arab League (Arabsat), and the United States (AT&T Telstar).They used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to deploy and later retrieve the SPARTAN satellite, which performed 17 hours of x-ray astronomy experiments while separated from the Space Shuttle. In addition, the crew activated the Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF), six Getaway Specials, participated in biomedical experiments, and conducted a laser tracking experiment as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative. After completing approximately 170 hours of space flight, Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1985.Nagel then flew as pilot on the crew of STS-61A, the West German D-1 Spacelab mission which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 30, 1985. This mission was the first in which payload activities were controlled from outside the United States. More than 75 scientific experiments were completed in the areas of physiological sciences, materials processing, biology, and navigation. After completing 111 orbits of the earth, the Orbiter Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 6, 1985.Col. Nagel commanded the crew of STS-37 on Atlantis, which launched into orbit on April 5, 1991 from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and landed on April 11, 1991 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. During this mission the crew deployed the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) for the purpose of exploring gamma ray sources throughout the universe, and conducted the first scheduled space walk in more than five and one half years. Also, the crew performed the first successful unscheduled space walk to free a stuck antenna on GRO.With the completion of this flight, Nagel has logged a total of 483 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Col. 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<text>NAME: Daniel W. Bursch (Lieutenant Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 25, 1957, in Bristol, Pennsylvania, but considers Vestal, New York, to be his hometown. His parents, Dudley and Betsy Bursch, reside in Charlotte, North Carolina.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 4 inches; weight: 135 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Vestal Senior High School, Vestal, New York, in 1975; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from the United States Naval Academy in 1979, and a master of science degree in Engineering Science from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1991.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Roni J. Patterson of Modesto, California. CHILDREN: Emily Ruth, February 19, 1985.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys tennis, softball, windsurfing, skiing, and woodworking.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association, the United States Naval Institute, and the Tailhook Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Commendation Medal, and the Navy Achievement Medal. Distinguished graduate, U.S. Naval Academy and U.S. Naval Test Pilot School.EXPERIENCE: Bursch graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in1979, and was designated a Naval FlightOfficer in April 1980 at Pensacola, Florida. After initial training as an A-6E Intruder Bombardier/Navigator (B/N), he reported to Attack Squadron 34 in January 1981, and deployed to the Mediterranean aboard the USS John F. Kennedy, and to the North Atlantic and Indian Oceans aboard the USS America. He attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in January 1984. Upon graduation in December, he worked as a project test flight officer flying the A-6 Intruder until August 1984, when he returned to the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School as a flight instructor. In April 1987 Bursch was assigned to Commander, Cruise-Destroyer Group 1, as Strike Operations Officer, making deployments to the Indian Ocean aboard the USS LONG BEACH and the USS MIDWAY. Redesignated an Aeronautical Engineering Duty Officer (AEDO), he attended the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, from July 1989 until his selection to the astronaut program.He has over 1,500 flight hours in more than 35 different aircraft, and has over 200 carrier landings.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Bursch became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned to the Operations Development Branch of the Astronaut Office, working on controls and displays for the Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Andrew M. Allen (Major, USMC)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 4, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father, Charles A. Allen, resides in Richboro, Pennsylvania. His mother, Loretta T. Allen, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 185 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Archbishop Wood High School, Warminster, Pennsylvania, in 1973; received a bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Villanova University in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Juliet F. Walshe of Glen Rock, New Jersey. CHILDREN: Jessica Marie, July 19, 1985; Meredith Frances, January 9, 1990.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys woodworking, racquetball, weight lifting, and bicycling.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of Single Mission Air Medal.EXPERIENCE: Allen was a member of the Navy ROTC unit, and received his commission in the United States Marine Corps at Villanova University in 1977. Following graduation from flight school, he flew F-4 Phantoms, from 1980-1983, with VMFA-312 at Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Beaufort, South Carolina. He was selected by Headquarters Marine Corps for fleet introduction of the F/A-18 Hornet, and was assigned to VMFA-531 in MCAS El Toro, California from 1983 to 1986. During his stay in VMFA531, he was assigned as the Squadron Operations Officer, and also attended and graduated from the Marine Weapons and Tactics Instructor Course, and the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun). A 1987 graduate of the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, he was a test pilot under instruction when advised of his selection to the astronaut program.He has logged over 3,000 flight hours, and has flown over 30 different aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, Allen became an astronaut in August 1988, and is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments have included Shuttle Landing and Rollout, in which he was the Astronaut Office representative for all issues related to landing sites, landing and deceleration hardware, including improvements to nosewheel steering, brakes and tires, and drag chute design. He currently is assigned to the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) which oversees, checks and verifies all Shuttle flight control software and avionics programs.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Major Allen is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-46. This seven day mission will feature the deployment of the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA), an ESA-sponsored free-flying science platform, and will also demonstrate the Tethered Satellite System (TSS), a joint project between NASA and the Italian Space Agency. STS-46 is scheduled for launch in early 1992.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Theodore C. Freeman (Capt., USAF)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Haverford, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1930. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Freeman, live near Lewes, Delaware. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10-1/2 inches; weight: 139.EDUCATION: Completed his secondary education in 1948 in Lewes, Delaware; attended the University of Delaware at Newark for one year, then entered the United States Naval Academy and graduated in 1953 with a bachelor of science degree. He elected to serve with the Air Force. In 1960, he received a master of science degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Michigan.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Faith Dudley Clark, whose parents, Mr. and Mrs. Walter E. Clark, Jr., live in Orange, Connecticut. CHILDREN: Faith Huntington.EXPERIENCE: His last Air Force assignment was as a flight test aeronautical engineer and experimental flight test instructor at the Air Force's Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California. He served primarily in performance flight testing and stability testing areas.He logged more than 3,000 hours flying time, including more than 2,000 hours in jet aircraft. Freeman was a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.Captain Freeman was killed in a plane crash October 31, 1964.MARCH 1984</text>
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<text> James B. Irwin, Col., USAF (Ret.) Pittsburgh, PA (3-17-30) BS (Naval Adac.); MS (Univ. of Mich.) 8th man on the Moon, Apollo 15 Died of heart attack, 8-9-91 </text>
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<text>NAME: Paul J. Weitz (pronounced WHITES) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Erie, Pennsylvania, on July 25, 1932. His mother, Mrs. Violet Futrell, now resides in Norfolk, Virginia.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond/Silver hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Harborcreek High School in Harborcreek, Pennsylvania; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Pennsylvania State University in 1954 and a master's degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, in 1964.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Suzanne M. Berry of Harborcreek, Pennsylvania. CHILDREN: Matthew J., September 23, 1958; Cynthia A., September 25, 1961.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hunting and fishing are among his hobbies.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow, American Astronautical Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal,Astronaut Wings, Air Medal (5 awards), and Commendation Medal (for combat flights in Vietnam), the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce Kitty Hawk Award (1973), the Robert J. Collier Trophy for 1973 (1974), the Pennsylvania State University Alumni Association's Distinguished Alumni Award, named a Pennsylvania State University Alumni Fellow (1974), the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1974, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1973 (1974), the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy for 1975, the 1974 Harmon International Aviation Trophy for Astronaut (1975), NASA Space Flight Medal (1983), the 1984 Harmon International Award (1989).EXPERIENCE: Weitz received his commission as an Ensign through the NROTC program at Pennsylvania StateUniversity. He served for one year at sea aboard a destroyer before going to flight training and was awarded his wings in September 1956. He served in various naval squadrons until he was selected as an astronaut in 1966. He has logged more than 7,700 hours flying time, including 6,400 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Weitz is one of the19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as pilot on the crew of Skylab-2 (SL-2), which launched on May 25 and ended on June 22, 1973. SL-2 was the first manned Skylab mission, and activated a 28-day flight. In logging 672 hours and 49 minutes aboard the orbital workshop, the crew established what was then a new world record for a single mission. Weitz also logged 2 hours and 11 minutes in extravehicular activities.Weitz was spacecraft commander on the crew of STS-6, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 4, 1983. This was the maiden voyage of the Orbiter Challenger. During the mission, the crew conducted numerous experiments in materials processing, recorded lightning activities, deployed IUS/TDRS-A, conducted spectacular extravehicular activity while testing a variety of support systems and equipment in preparation for future EVA's, and also carried three Getaway Specials. Mission duration was 120 hours before landing Challenger on a concrete runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 9, 1983. With the completion of this flight, Paul Weitz logged a total of 793 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Weitz currently serves as the Deputy Director of the Johnson Space Center.APRIL 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: James Benson Irwin (Colonel, USAF, Retired)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 17, 1930 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science from the U.S. Naval Academy (1951), master of science in aeronautical and instrumentation engineering from the University of Michigan (1957).MARITAL STATUS: Married.CHILDREN: Four.NASA EXPERIENCE: Was chosen with the fifth group of a astronauts in 1966. He was backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 12 and lunar module pilot for Apollo 15 (eighth man to walk on the Moon). Colonel Irwin resigned from NASA and the Air Force in July 1972 to form a Christian organization, "High Flight Foundation," in Colorado Springs, Colorado, of which he is Chairman of the Board. His book, TO RULE THE NIGHT, describes his early life, selection into the astronaut program, conversion to Christ, and experiences on Apollo 15. Prior to his death in 1991, Colonel Irwin was an active lay witness for Christ. Additionally, he participated in trips to Asia (Turkey) in search for Noah's Ark. </text>
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<text>NAME: Guion S. Bluford, Jr. (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 22, 1942.PHYSICAL DESCRlPTlON: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Overbrook Senior High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1960; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Pennsylvania State University in 1964; a master of science degree with distinction in Aerospace Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1974; a doctor of philosophy in Aerospace Engineering with a minor in Laser Physics from the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1978, and a master in business administration from the University of Houston, Clear Lake, in 1987.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Linda Tull of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.CHILDREN: Guion Stewart III, June 12, 1964; James Trevor, October 25, 1965.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Reading, swimming, jogging, racquetball, handball, and scuba.ORGANlZATlONS: Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and member of the Air Force Association, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma lota Epsilon, National Technical Association, and Tuskegee Airmen.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the Leadership Award of Phi Delta Kappa (1962); the National Defense Service Medal (1965); Vietnam Campaign Medal (1967); Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm (1967); Vietnam Service Medal (1967); ten Air Force Air Medals(1967); three Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards (1967,1970,1972); the Germany Air Force Aviation Badge from the Federal Republic of West Germany (1969); T-38 Instructor Pilot of the Month (1970); Air Training Command Outstanding Flight Safety Award (1970); an Air Force Commendation Medal (1972); the Air Force Institute of Technology's Mervin E. Gross Award (1974); Who's Who Among Black Americans (1975-1977); an Air Force Meritorious Service Award (1978); National Society of Black Engineers Distinguished National Scientist Award (1979); two NASA Group Achievement Awards (1980, 1981); the Pennsylvania State University Alumni Association's Distinguished Alumni Award (1983), and Alumni Fellows Award (1986); USAF Command Pilot Astronaut Wings (1983); NASA Space Flight Medal (1983, 1985, 1991); Ebony Black Achievement Award (1983); NAACP Image Award (1983); Who's Who in America (1983); Pennsylvania's Distinguished Service Medal (1984); Defense Superior Service Medal; Defense Meritorious Service Medal; the New York City Urban League's Whitney Young Memorial Award; the 1991 Black Engineer of the Year Award; and honorary doctorate degrees from Florida A&M University, Texas Southern University, Virginia State University, Morgan State University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Tuskegee Institute, Bowie State College, Thomas Jefferson University, Chicago State University, Georgian Court College, and Drexel University.EXPERIENCE: Bluford graduated from Penn State University in 1964 as a distinguished Air Force ROTC graduate.He attended pilot training at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, and received his pilot wings in January 1966. He then went to F-4C combat crew training in Arizona and Florida and was assigned to the 557th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam. He flew 144 combat missions, 65 of which were over North Vietnam.In July 1967, he was assigned to the 3630th Flying Training Wing, Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, as a T-38A instructor pilot. He served as a standardization/evaluation officer and as an assistant flight commander. In early 1971, he attended Squadron Officers School and returned as an executive support officer to the Deputy Commander of Operations and as School Secretary for the Wing.In August 1972, he entered the Air Force Institute of Technology residency school at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Upon graduating in 1974, he was assigned to the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, as a staff development engineer. He served as deputy for advanced concepts for the Aeromechanics Division and as branch chief of the Aerodynamics and Airframe Branch in the Laboratory. Bluford has written and presented several scientific papers in the area of computational fluid dynamics.He has logged over 5,100 hours jet flight time in the T-33, T-37, T-38, F-4C, F-15, U-2/TR-1, and F-5A/B, including 1,300 hours as a T-38 instructor pilot. He also has an FAA commercial pilot license.NASA EXPERIENCE: Col. Bluford became a NASA astronaut in August 1979. His technical assignments have included working with the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), Spacelab-3 experiments, Space Shuttle systems, verifying flight software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) and the Flight Systems Laboratory (FSL), and serving as the astronaut office point of contact for generic Spacelab and Shuttle External Tank issues.Bluford first served as a mission specialist on STS-8, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1983. This was the third flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a night launch and night landing. During the mission, the STS-8 crew deployed the Indian National Satellite (INSAT-1B); operated the Canadian-built RMS with the Payload Flight Test Article (PFTA); operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) with live cell samples; conducted medical measurements to understand biophysiological effects on space flight; and activated various earth resources and space science experiments along with four Getaway Special canisters. STS-8 completed 98 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1983.Bluford was next a mission specialist on STS 61-A, the German D-1 Spacelab mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 30, 1985, aboard the Orbiter Challenger. This mission was the first to carry eight crew members, the largest crew to fly in space included three European payload specialists. This was the first dedicated Spacelab mission under the direction of the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DFVLR) and the first U.S. mission in which payload control was transferred to a foreign country (German Space Operations Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany). During the mission, the Global Low Orbiting Message Relay Satellite (GLOMR) was deployed from a Getaway Special (GAS) container, and 76 experiments were performed in Spacelab in such fields as fluid physics, materials processing, life sciences, and navigation. The experimental test facilities used included melting, solidification, and crystal growing furnaces, facilities for the observation of fluid physics phenomena, chambers to provide specific environmental conditions for biological samples, and a vestibular sled. After completing 111 orbits of the Earth in 169 hours, Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 6, 1985.Bluford later served as a mission specialist on STS-39, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on April 28, 1991, aboard the Orbiter, Discovery. The crew gathered aurora, Earthlimb, celestial, and Shuttle environment data with the AFP-675 payload. This payload consisted of the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) experiment, Far Ultraviolet Camera experiment (FAR UV), the Uniformly Redundant Array (URA), the Quadrupole lon Neutral Mass Spectrometer (QINMS), and the Horizon Ultraviolet Program (HUP) experiment. The crew also deployed and retrieved the SPAS-II with the RMS. The SPAS- II carried the Infrared Background Signature Survey (IBSS) experiment, which collected Shuttle exhaust plume, Earthlimb, Earthscan, aurora, chemical/gas release and celestial data. The crew also operated the Space Test Payload-l (STP-1) and deployed a classified payload from the Multi-Purpose Experiment Canister (MPEC). After completing 134 orbits of the Earth and 199 hours in space, Discovery landed at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 6, 1991.With the completion of his third flight,Bluford has logged at a total of 513 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Col. Bluford is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-53, a Department of Defense Mission scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Terry Jonathan HartbornBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 27, 1946 in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. MARITAL STATUS: Married.CHILDREN: One.EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science in mechanical engineering from Lehigh University (1968); master of science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1969); master of science in electrical engineering Rutgers University (1978); served in the USAF as an aviator; and was chosen with the eighth group of astronauts in 1978. He flew as a mission specialist on STS-41-C. Hart resigned from NASA in June 1984 and is currently (1985) a supervisor for the Military and Space Application Group at AT&T Bell Labs.</text>
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<text>NAME: James P. Bagian (M.D., P.E.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 22, 1952, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents, Philip and Rose Bagian, reside there.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 162 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Central High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University in 1973 and a doctorate of Medicine from Thomas Jefferson University in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Tandi M. Benson of Seattle, Washington. CHILDREN: Krista Rose, February 20, 1985; Kimberly Anne, April 9, 1987; Brian James, November 20, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys bicycling, backpacking, climbing, swimming, flying and racquet sports as well as cabinet making and automobile rebuilding.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the College of Emergency Physicians and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; life member of the Society of NASA Flight Surgeons; and member of Phi Kappa Phi, Phi Eta Sigma, Pi Tau Sigma, Tau Beta Pi, and Alpha Omega Alpha.SPECIAL HONORS: U.S. Army ROTC Superior Cadet Award (1970); graduated first in class from Drexel University (1973); Orthopedics Prize from Jefferson University (1977); Honor Graduate (first in class) from USAF Flight Surgeons School (1979); Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) Komarov Diploma (1989); and NASA Achievement Award for developing treatment of Space Motion Sickness (1991).EXPERIENCE: Bagian worked as a process engineer for the 3M Company in Bristol, Pennsylvania, in 1973, and later as a mechanical engineer at the U.S. Naval Air Test Center at Patuxent River, Maryland, from 1976 to 1978, and at the same time pursued studies for his doctorate. Upon graduating from Thomas Jefferson University in 1977, Dr. Bagian completed one year of general surgery residency with the Geisinger Medical Center in Danville, Pennsylvania. He subsequently went to work as a flight surgeon and research medical officer at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in 1978, while concurrently completing studies at the USAF Flight Surgeons School and USAF School of Aerospace Medicine in San Antonio, Texas. He was completing a residency in anesthesiology at the University of Pennsylvania when notified of his selection by NASA for the astronaut candidate program. Dr. Bagian received his Professional Engineers Certification in 1986, and was board certified in Aerospace Medicine by the American College of Preventative Medicine in 1987. Since 1981, Dr. Bagian has been active in the mountain rescue community and has served as a member of the Denali Medical Research Project on Mt. McKinley. He has also been a snow and ice rescue techniques instructor on Mt. Hood during this period. Dr. Bagian is a Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserve and is the Pararescue Flight Surgeon for the 939th Air Rescue Wing. He is a USAF-qualified freefall parachutist, holds a private pilots license and has logged over 1,400 hours flying time in propeller and jet aircraft, helicopters, and gliders.NASA EXPERIENCE: Bagian became a NASA astronaut in July 1980. He took part in both the planning and provision of emergency medical and rescue support for the first six Shuttle flights. He also served as the astronaut office coordinator for Space Shuttle payload software and crew equipment as well as supporting the development of a variety of payloads, and participating in the verification of Space Shuttle flight software. In 1986, Dr. Bagian served as an investigator for the STS-51L accident board and has been responsible for the development program and implementation of the pressure suit used for crew escape and various other crew survival equipment to be used on future Shuttle missions. Dr. Bagian has also been a member of the NASA Headquarters Research Animal Holding Facility Review Board. A veteran of two space flights (STS-29 in 1989 and STS-40 in 1991), Dr. Bagian has logged over 337 hours in space.Dr. Bagian first flew on the crew of STS-29, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, aboard the Orbiter Discovery, on March 13, 1989. During this highly successful five-day mission, the crew deployed a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, and performed numerous secondary experiments, including a Space Station "heat pipe" radiator experiment, two student experiments, a protein crystal growth experiment, and a chromosome and plant cell division experiment. Also, Dr. Bagian was the principal investigator and performed DSO 470, which, by the use of transcranial Doppler, described the changes of cerebral blood flow and its relationship to Space Adaptation Syndrome and Space Motion Sickness. In addition, the crew took over 3,000 photographs of the earth using several types of cameras, including the IMAX 70 mm movie camera. Mission duration was 80 orbits and concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 18, 1989. With the completion of this mission, he has logged over 119 hours in space.More recently, Dr. Bagian served on the crew of STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1), a dedicated space and life sciences mission, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 5, 1991. SLS-l was a nine-day mission during which crew members performed experiments which explored how the heart, blood vessels, lungs, kidneys and hormone-secreting glands respond to microgravity, the causes of space sickness, and changes in muscles, bones, and cells which occur in humans during space flight. Other payloads included experiments designed to investigate materials science, plant biology and cosmic radiation. Following 146 orbits of the earth, Columbia and her crew landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June l4, 1991. Completion of this flight logged him an additional 218 hours in space.JUNE 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles Conrad, Jr., Captain, USN (Ret.)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 2, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Height: 5 feet 6-1/2 inches; weight: 145 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools at Haverford School in Haverford, Pennsylvania, and the Darrow School, New Lebanon, New York; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Princeton University in 1953; an honorary master of arts degree from Princeton in 1966; an honorary doctorate of laws degree from Lincoln Weslyan University in 1970, and an honorary doctorate of science degree from Kings College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania in 1971.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jane DuBose of Uvalde, Texas.CHILDREN: Peter, December 25, 1954; Thomas, May 3, 1957; Andrew, April 30, 1959; and Christopher, November 26, 1960.OTHER ACTIVITIES: Golf, water skiing and automobile racing.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow, American Astronautical Society; New York Academy of Science; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and a Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded Congressional Space Medal of Honor (October 1978); two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, two NASA Exceptional Service Medals, the Navy Astronaut Wings, two Navy Distinguished Service Medals, and two Distinguished Flying Crosses; recipient of Princeton's Distinguished Alumnus Award for 1965; the U.S. Jaycee' s 10 Outstanding Young Men Award in 1965; American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award for 1966; Pennsylvania's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology in 1967 and 1969; the Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress in 1970; Godfrey L. Cabot Award in 1970; Silver Medal of the Union League of Philadelphia in 1970; the FAI Yur Gagarin Gold Space Medal and the De La Vaulx Medal in 1970 for Apollo 12; National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Special Trustees Award in 1970; Federal Aviation Agency's Space Mechanic Technician Award in 1973; the Collier Trophy in 1973; FAI Gold Medal and the De La Vaulx Medal in 1974 for Skylab I; the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award in 1974 for Skylab I; the Harmon Trophy in 1974; and was enshrined in the Aviation Hall of Fame in 1980.EXPERIENCE: Conrad entered the Navy following graduation from Princeton University and became a naval aviator. He attended the Navy Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, and upon completing that course of instruction, was assigned as a project test pilot in the armaments test division there. He also served at Patuxent as a flight instructor and performance engineer at the Test Pilot School. He has logged more than 6,500 hours flying time, with more than 5,000 hours in jet aircraft.Conrad was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962. In August 1965, he served as pilot on the eight-day Gemini V flight. He and command pilot Gordon Cooper were launched into earth orbit on August 21, and proceeded to establish a space endurance record of 190 hours and 56 minutes. The flight, which lasted 120 revolutions and covered a total distance of 3,312,993 statute miles, was terminated on August 29, 1965. It was also on this flight that the United States took over the lead in manhours in space.On September 18, 1966, Conrad occupied the command pilot seat for the three-day Gemini XI mission. He executed orbital maneuvers to rendezvous and dock in less than one orbit with a previously launched Agena and piloted Gemini XI through two periods of extravehicular activity performed by pilot Richard Gordon. Other highlights of the flight included the established new world space altitude record of 850 statute miles and the completion of the first fully automatic controlled reentry.Conrad was spacecraft commander of Apollo 12, November 14-24, 1969. With him on humanity's second lunar landing mission were Richard Gordon, command module pilot, and Alan Bean,Charles Conrad, Jr., Captain, USN (Ret.),lunar module pilot. In accomplishing all of the mission's objectives, the Apollo 12 crew executed the first precision lunar landing, bringing their lunar module Intrepid to a safe touchdown in the moon's Ocean of Storms. Along with Bean, Conrad spent 7 hours and 45 minutes on the lunar surface performing the first lunar traverse deploying the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package (ALSEP), installing a nuclear power generator station which would provide the power source for long-term scientific experiments, gathering geologic samples of the lunar surface for return to Earth, and completing a close-up inspection of the Surveyor III spacecraft.As spacecraft commander on his fourth flight, Conrad flew the first manned Skylab mission, which launched on May 25 and terminated on June 22, 1973. With him for the initial activation and 28-day flight qualification operation of Skylab Orbital Workshop were Joseph Kerwin, science-pilot, and Paul Weitz, pilot. Although subjected to a ten-day delay in their planned launch, Conrad, Kerwin and Weitz managed to complete 46 of 55 scheduled experiments and all of the nine programmed subsystem/operation detailed test objectives. Paramount to the completion of these objectives was deployment of a "parasol" thermal shade to alleviate the orbital workshop thermal problem created by loss of the micrometeoroid shield during the launch of the Skylab workshop. Also vital to the mission was a three-hour and 23 minute extravehicular activity by Conrad and Kerwin to deploy the jammed solar wing. Their success in extending the only remaining solar array system wing assured sufficient power for the conduct of the full 28-day mission and would provide the needed energy to power the subsequent Skylab 2 and Skylab 3 manned missions. In logging 672 hours and 49 minutes each aboard the workshop, the crew established a new world record for a single mission, and Conrad captured the individual endurance record for time in space by bringing this total space flight time to 1,179 hours and 38 minutes. He has also logged 14 hours and 19 minutes in extravehicular activities.In December 1973, after serving for 20 years (11 of which were as an astronaut in the space program), Conrad retired from the U. S. Navy to accept a position as Vice President, Operations and Chief Operating Officer of American Television and Communications Corporation (ATC) located in Denver, Colorado. Conrad was also a member of the Board ofDirectors of ATC. As Vice President, Operations, he was responsible for both the operation of existing systems and the development of new cable television systems throughout the country.March 1, 1976, Vice President, Commercial Sales International, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri.In October 1978, promoted to Vice President, Marketing, Douglas Aircraft Company.In October 1980, promoted to Senior Vice President, Marketing, Douglas Aircraft Company.September 1969 to March 1971, Consultant, Butler Aviation, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.March 1970 to March 1971, Director, Butler Aviation, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. (Resigned due to Skylab training schedule.)July 1970 to Present, Director, Hamilton Funds, Inc.; Hamilton Growth Fund, Inc. and Hamilton Income Fund, Inc., Denver, Colorado.May 1970 to December 1973, Director, Galeria Bank, Houston. (Resigned due to relocation to Denver.)December 1973 to 1976, Member/Consultant, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Space Systems Committee, Washington, D.C.September 1974 to February 1976, Consultant, Martin Marietta Corporation, Large Space Telescope Program, Denver, Colorado.January 1978 to Present, Consultant, Raytheon Marine Company, Sorensen Company, Manchester, New Hampshire.February 1981 to Present, Advisory Director, Martin Aviation, Santa Ana, California.JUNE 1982</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles D. "Sam" Gemar (Lt. Colonel, USA) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 4, 1955 in Yankton, South Dakota, but home is Scotland, South Dakota, where his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Leighton A. Gemar, reside.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet ll inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Scotland Public High School, Scotland, South Dakota, in 1973; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering from the U. S. Military Academy in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Charlene Stringer of Savannah, Georgia.CHILDREN: Grant Leighton, November 27, 1990.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys water sports, jogging, woodworking, and travel.ORGANIZATIONS: Association of the United States Army, United States Military Academy Association of Graduates, Army Aviation Association of America, and the Nassau Bay Volunteer Fire Department.EXPERIENCE: Gemar enlisted in the Army in January 1973 and reported for duty on June 11, 1973. In November1973, he was assigned to the 18th Airborne Corps at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina, where he received an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy Preparatory School at Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, and later a Department of the Army appointment to join the U.S. Military Academy Class of 1979. After graduation he attended the Infantry Officers Basic Course at Ft. Benning, Georgia, the Initial Entry Rotary Wing Aviation Course and the Fixed Wing Multi-Engine Aviators Course, both at Ft. Rucker, Alabama. In October 1980, he transferred to the 24th Infantry Division, Ft. Stewart, Georgia, where he remained until January 1, 1985. While at Ft. Stewart/Hunter Army Airfield he served as an Assistant Flight Operations Officer and Flight Platoon Leader for the 24th Combat Aviation Battalion, Wright Army Airfield, Commander; and Chief, Operations Branch, Hunter Army Airfield. Other Military Schools completed include the Army Parachutist Course, Ranger School, and the Aviation Officers Advanced Course.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June1985, Gemar completed a one-year training and evaluation program in July 1986, which qualified him for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Since then he has held a variety of technical assignments in support of the Space Shuttle Program, including flight software testing in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), and launch support activities at the Kennedy Space Center.More recently, Gemar served as a mission specialist on STS-38. The five-man crew launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 15, 1990. During the five-day mission crew members conducted Department of Defense operations. After 80 orbits of the earth, in the first Shuttle recovery in Florida since 1985, Space Shuttle Atlantis and her crew landed back at the Kennedy Space Center on November 20, 1990.With the completion of his first space flight, Major Gemar has logged 117 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Gemar is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-48. Scheduled for launch in November 1991, this mission will deploy the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) to study the Earth's upper atmosphere on a global scale. Nine UARS sensors will provide comprehensive data on energy inputs, winds, and chemical composition of the stratosphere.MAY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: James F. Buchli (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 20, 1945, in New Rockford, North Dakota, but considers Fargo, North Dakota, as his hometown, where his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Buchli, reside.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 7 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Fargo Central High School, Fargo, North Dakota, in 1963; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1967 and a master of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering Systems from the University of West Florida in 1975.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jean Oliver of Pensacola, Florida. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. James C. Oliver, reside in Pensacola, Florida.CHILDREN: James C., September 9, 1972; Jennifer C., April 29, 1977.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, scuba diving, hunting, fishing, racquetball, water-skiing, camping, and canoeing.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate member of Naval Academy Alumni.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Defense Superior Service Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, three NASA Space Flight Medals, NASA Exceptional Service Medal, Air Medal, Navy Commendation Medal, Purple Heart, Combat Action Ribbon, Presidential Unit Citation, Navy Unit Citation, a Meritorious Unit Citation, and a Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry with the Silver Star.EXPERIENCE: Buchli received his commission in the United States Marine Corps following graduation from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1967. In 1968, he graduated from U.S. Marine Corps Basic Infantry Course and was subsequently sent to the Republic of Vietnam for a one year tour of duty, where he served as Platoon Commander, 9th Marine Regiment, and then as Company Commander and Executive Officer, "B" Company, 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion. He returned to the United States in 1969 for naval flight officer training at Pensacola, Florida, and spent the next two years assigned to Marine Fighter/Attack Squadron 235 at Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. In 1972, Buchli was reassigned to Marine Fighter/Attack Squadron 122, at Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, and Iwakuni, Japan; and in 1973, he proceeded to duty with Marine Fighter/Attack Squadron 115 at Namphong, Thailand, and Iwakuni, Japan. Upon completing this tour of duty, he again returned to the United States and participated in the Marine Advanced Degree Program at the University of West Florida. He was assigned subsequently to Marine Fighter/Attack Squadron 312 at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, and, in 1977, to the U.S. Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland.He has logged over 3,800 hours flying time, including 3,600 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Buchli became a NASA astronaut in August 1979. He was a member of the support crew forSTS-1 and STS-2, and an on-orbit CAPCOM for STS-2. A three flight veteran, Buchli was a mission specialist on STS-51C and STS-61A in 1985, and STS-29 in 1989.On his first flight, Buchli was a mission specialist on the crew of STS 51-C, the first Space Shuttle Department of Defense mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on January 24, 1985. Mission 51-C performed its DOD mission, which included deployment of a modified Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) vehicle from the Space Shuttle Discovery. Landing occurred on January 27, 1985, at Edwards Air Force Base, California after slightly more than three days on orbit.He then flew on the crew of STS-61A (Oct. 30- Nov. 6, 1985). STS-61A was a West German D-1 Spacelab mission, was the first to carry eight crew members, the largest crew to fly in space, also the first in which payload activities were controlled from outside the United States. More than 75 scientific experiments were completed in the areas of physiological sciences, materials processing, biology, and navigation. Mission duration was 111 orbits.More recently, Buchli flew on the crew of STS-29 (March 13-18, 1989). During this highly successful five-day mission, the crew aboard the Orbiter Discovery deployed a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, and performed numerous secondary experiments, including a Space Station "heat pipe" radiator experiment, two student experiments, a protein crystal growth experiment, and a chromosome and plant cell division experiment. In addition, the crew took over 3,000 photographs of the earth using several types of cameras, including the IMAX 70 mm movie camera. Mission duration was 80 orbits.With the completion of his third mission, he has logged 362 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Buchli is Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office and is also assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-48. This mission is scheduled for launch in November 1991 and will feature the deployment of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Richard J. Hieb NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 21, 1955, in Jamestown, North Dakota. His parents, Mr. and Mrs.Fred Hieb, reside in Jamestown, North Dakota.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 6 feet 3 inches; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Jamestown High School, Jamestown, North Dakota, in 1973; received a bachelor of arts degree in Math and Physics from Northwest Nazarene College in 1977, and a master of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jeannie Hendricks of Norfolk, Virginia. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. John R. Hendricks, reside in Norfolk, Virginia.CHILDREN: Lindsey Michelle, June 18, 1986; Jonathan Michael, July 21, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys sports and family outings.SPECIAL HONORS: National Merit Scholar.NASA EXPERIENCE: After graduating from the University of Colorado in 1979, Hieb came directly to NASA to work in crew procedures development and crew activity planning. He worked in the Mission Control Center on the ascent team for STS-l, and during rendezvous phases on numerous subsequent flights. He has an extensive background in on-orbit procedures development, particularly in rendezvous and proximity operations.Selected by NASA in June 1985, Hieb became an astronaut in July 1986 and became qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Since then he has held a variety of technical assignments including launch support activities at Kennedy Space Center, and has served in both the Mission Development Branch and in the Operations Development Branch of the Astronaut Office. He supported the STS-26 mission as a part of the close- out crew prior to launch and as a part of the change-out crew just after landing.Hieb flew as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-39, an unclassified Department of Defense mission which launched on May 6, 1991 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. During the mission, he was responsible for operating the Infrared Background Signature Satellite (IBSS) from within the payload bay, on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) and as a free-flying satellite. He also operated the RMS to release the IBSS, and then to retrieve the IBSS a day and a half later. After 134 orbits, which covered 3.45 million nautical miles and lasted just over 199 hours, the crew landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California on May 14, 1991.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Hieb is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-49. During this eight- day mission, he will perform a space walk (EVA) along with Pierre Thuot to retrieve the IntelSat IV communications satellite, and attach it to a new booster. The satellite will then be redeployed. Hieb will also participate in a second space walk to conduct an extensive evaluation of EVA techniques to be employed in the construction of Space Station Freedom. STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992 and will be the maiden voyage of the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.JULY 1991Suggested Introduction:</text>
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<text>NAME: David A. Wolf (M.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 23, 1956, in Indianapolis, Indiana. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Harry Wolf, reside in Indianapolis.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 185 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from North Central High School, Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University in 1978, and a doctorate in Medicine from Indiana University in 1982. He completed his medical internship (1983) at Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana, and completed the USAF flight surgeon primary training at Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys sport aerobatic flying, scuba diving, handball, running, and water skiing .ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Aerospace MedicalAssociation, the Experimental Aircraft Association, the International Aerobatic Club, and the Air National Guard.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal (1990). Dr. Wolf graduated "with distinction" from the honors curriculum in electrical engineering at Purdue University and received an Academic Achievement Award upon graduation from medical school. He received the Carl R. Ruddell scholarship award for research in medical ultrasonic signal and image processing. He is a member of Eta Kappa Knu and Phi Eta Sigma honorary societies. Dr. Wolf has received three NASA Superior Performance Awards, and five Space Act Awards for inventions and patents on a new class of 3-dimensional human tissue culture instrumentation.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Wolf worked as a research scientist at the Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research from1980 to 1983. He developed digital signal and image processing techniques producing "state of the art" high resolution medical ultrasonic images. He is a flight surgeon in the Air National Guard (1982 to present) and has logged over 500 hours of air combat training as a weapons systems officer in the F4 Phantom jet. He is a proficient aerobatic pilot, primarily flying the Pitts Special Airplane.NASA EXPERIENCE: In 1983 Dr. Wolf joined the Medical Sciences Division of Johnson Space Center in Houston,Texas. He was responsible for development of the American Flight Echocardiograph, which obtained medical research data on the effects of space flight on astronauts' cardiovascular system. Upon completion he was assigned as chief engineer for development of the Space Station Freedom medical facility. In 1986 he was assigned to direct development of the Space Bioreactor and associated cancer research and tissue culture applications which utilize controlled gravitational conditions. He has particular expertise in the design of real-time computer process control systems, bioprocessing, and human aerospace physiology.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Wolf became an astronaut in July 1991 and is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. He is currently assigned technical duties in the Mission Support Branch of the Astronaut Office, and is part of a team responsible for Orbiter processing, vehicle prelaunch checkout, final launch configuration including crew ingress/strap-in, and postlanding egress.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Janice E. Voss (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 8, 1956 in South Bend, Indiana, but considers Rockford, Illinois, to be her hometown. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. James R. Voss, reside in Wilbraham, Massachusetts.PHYSlCAL DESCRlPTlON: Light brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 6 inches; weight: 130 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Minnechaug Regional High School, Wilbraham, Massachusetts, in 1972; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Science from Purdue University in 1975, a master of science degree in Electrical Engineering and a doctorate in Aeronautics/Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977 and 1987, respectively. From 1973 to 1975 she took correspondence courses at the University of Oklahoma. She also did some graduate work in Space Physics at Rice University in 1977 and 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Unmarried.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Reading science fiction, dancing, volleyball, flying.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the National Space Society, and the 99's (International Women Pilots Association).SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded a Zonta Amelia Earhart Fellowship (1982); Howard Hughes Fellowship (1981); and National Science Foundation Fellowship (1976).EXPERIENCE: Dr. Voss was a co-op at the NASA Johnson Space Center from 1973 to 1975. During that time she did computer simulations in the Engineering and Development Directorate. In 1977 she returned to the Johnson Space Center and, for a year, worked as a crew trainer, teaching entry guidance and navigation. She completed her doctorate in 1987 and accepted a job with Orbital Sciences Corporation. Her responsibilities there included mission integration and flight operations support for the Transfer Orbit Stage, an upper stage currently scheduled for its first flight, on the Space Shuttle, in February of 1993.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Voss became an astronaut in July 1991. She is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and currently works Spacelab/Spacehab issues for the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Donald E. Williams (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 13, 1942, in Lafayette, Indiana. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Williams, reside in Houston, Texas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Otterbein High School, Otterbein, Indiana, in 1960; received a bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University in 1964.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Linda Jo Grubaugh of Sturgis, Michigan. Her mother, Mrs. Herbert E. Grubaugh, resides in Howe, Indiana.CHILDREN: Jonathan Edward, September 17, 1974; Barbara Jane, July 10, 1976.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys all sports activities, and his interests also include running, woodworking, and photography.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded 31 Air Medals, two Navy Commendation Medals with Combat V, two Navy Unit Commendations, a Meritorious Unit Commendation, the National Defense Medal, an Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, the NASA Space Flight Medal, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, the Vietnam Service Medal (with four stars), a Vietnamese Gallantry Cross (with gold star), and the Vietnam Campaign Medal.EXPERIENCE: Williams received his commission through the NROTC program at Purdue University. He completed flight training at Pensacola, Florida; Meridian, Mississippi; and Kingsville, Texas, receiving his wings in May 1966.After A-4 training, he made two Vietnam deployments aboard the USS ENTERPRISE with Attack Squadron 113. He served as a flight instructor in Attack Squadron 125 at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California, for 2 years and transitioned to A-7 aircraft. He made two additional Vietnam deployments aboard the USS ENTERPRISE with CVW-14 staff and Attack Squadron 97. Williams completed a total of 330 combat missions.In 1973, Williams attended the Armed Forces Staff College. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, in June 1974 and was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Carrier Suitability Branch of Flight Test Division. From August 1976 to June 1977, following reorganization of the Naval Air Test Center, he was head of the Carrier Systems Branch, Strike Aircraft Test Directorate. He reported next for A-7 refresher training and was assigned to Attack Squadron 94 when selected by NASA.He has logged more than 5,400 hours flying time, which includes 5,100 hours in jets and 745 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Williams became an astronaut in August 1979, qualifying for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Since then he has had various support assignments, including working at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory as a test pilot, and at the Kennedy Space Center participating in Orbiter test, checkout, launch, and landing operations. From September 1982 through July 1983, he was assigned as the Deputy Manager, Operations Integration, National Space Transportation System Program Office at the Johnson Space Center.Williams was pilot for STS 51-D, the fourth flight of Discovery and the sixteenth Shuttle mission. Launch was from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 12, 1985. The crew deployed ANIK-C for Telesat of Canada, and Syncom IV-3 for the U.S. Navy. A malfunction in the Syncom spacecraft resulted in the first unscheduled EVA, rendezvous and proximity operations for the Space Shuttle in an attempt to activate the satellite. Additionally, the 51-D crew conducted several medical experiments, two student experiments, activated two Getaway Specials and filmed experiments with toys in space. After 168 hours of orbital operations, and 109 orbits of the earth, Discovery landed on Runway 33 at the Kennedy Space Center on April 19, 1985.From July 1985 through August 1986, Williams was the Deputy Chief of the Aircraft Operations Division at the Johnson Space Center. Williams also served as Chief of the Mission Support Branch within the Astronaut Office.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Williams is in flight training as spacecraft commander of STS-34. This mission is scheduled for launch in October 1989, and will feature the deployment of the Galileo spacecraft to Jupiter.FEBRUARY 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: Frank Borman (Colonel, USAF, Retired) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 14, 1928, in Gary Indiana. Currently resides in Miami, Florida.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Susan Bugbee of Tucson, ArizonaCHILDREN: Frederick and Edwin. EXPERIENCE: Frank Borman, astronaut, colonel in the U.S. Air Force, program manager, test pilot and advisor on space programs, became an Eastern Airlines vice president in July of 1970. His association with Eastern began in early 1969 when he served the company as special advisor.He was named senior vice president-operations group in December of 1970 with administrative responsibility for the company's engineering and maintenance, flight operations and operational coordination divisions. In March of 1974, with the addition of the sales and services division, his duties were expanded to include administration of all groups concerned with the day-to-day operation and sales of the airlines. In July 1974 he was promoted to executive vice president-general operations manager and elected to Eastern's Board of Directors. On May 27, 1975, he was elected president and chief operating officer and was named chief executive officer on December 16, 1975. He became chairman of the Board on December 15, 1976. Colonel Borman is best known as commander of the Apollo 8 space flight, first manned lunar orbital mission in December, 1958, and previously as commander of the Gemini 7 mission in 1965. In 1957, he served as a member of the Apollo 204 Fire Investigation Board and later became the Apollo program resident manager, heading the team that reengineered the Apollo spacecraft. He also served as field director of NASA's Space Station Task Force.Colonel Borman was a career Air Force officer from l950 to 1970 when he retired with the rank of colonel. Prior to joining the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's space program in 1962, he served as a fighter pilot with the 44th Fighter Bomber Squadron in the Phillipine Islands, 1951-1953; an operational pilot and instructor in various squadrons in the U.S., 1953-1956; an assistant professor of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics at West Point, 1957-1960; and an experimental test pilot engaged in organizing and administering special projects for the USAF Aerospace Pilot School, 1960-1962.In 1966 and 1968, Colonel Borman served as special presidential ambassador on trips throughout the Far East and Europe. In 1970, he undertook another special presidential mission, a worldwide tour to seek support for the release of American prisoners of war held by North Vietnam.EDUCATION: Colonel Borman received most of his early schooling in Tucson, Arizona. He was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree from the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, in 1950 and a Master of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology in 1957. He completed the Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program in 1970.SPECIAL HONORS: In addition to many honorary degrees, special honors and service decorations, he is the recipient of the Harmon International Aviation Trophy, the Robert J. Collier Trophy and the National Geographic Society's Hubbard Medal, and the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. He also serves on the board of directors of the Air Transport Association of America.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Chairman, President and Chief Executive Office, Eastern Airlines.</text>
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<text>NAME: Mark N. Brown (Col., USAF)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 18, 1951, in Valparaiso, Indiana. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Richard S. Brown, reside in Valparaiso, Indiana.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Valparaiso High School, Valparaiso, Indiana in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University in 1973, and a master of science degree in Astronautical Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1980.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Lynne A. Anderson of River G. rove, Illinois. CHILDREN: Kristin Elizabeth, October 21, 1981; Karin Alison, May 18, 1986.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys fishing, hiking, jogging, all sports, and chess.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Air Force Association, National Rifle Association, and Purdue Alumni Association.SPECIAL HONORS: NASA Space Flight Medal; distinguished graduate from Air Force ROTC, Aerospace Defense Command "We Point With Pride" Award, Air Force Command Pilot, Senior Space Badge, Defense Superior Service Medal, two Air Force Commendation Medals, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, Combat Readiness Medal, National Defense Medal, and the Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon.EXPERIENCE: Brown received his pilot wings at Laughlin Air Force Base,Texas, in 1974. He was then assigned to the 87th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base, Michigan, where he flew both T-33 and F-106 aircraft. In 1979 Brown was transferred to the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, and received his master of science degree in Astronautical Engineering in 1980.NASA EXPERIENCE: Brown has been employed at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center since 1980. Assigned as an engineer in the Flight Activities Section, he participated in the development of contingency procedures for use aboard the shuttle and served as an attitude and pointing officer. Brown supported STS flights 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 41-C real-time in the Flight Activity Officer/Staff Support Room of the Mission Control Center.Selected by NASA in May 1984, Brown became an astronaut in June 1985, qualifying for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. In December 1985 he was assigned to the crew of a Department of Defense mission which was subsequently canceled due to the Challenger accident. During 1986 and 1987 he served as an astronaut member of the solid rocket booster redesign team. In February 1988 Brown was assigned to a new flight crew. He flew on STS-28 (August 8-13,1989), following which he served as astronaut member on the Space Station Freedom Program.On his first space flight, Brown served as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-28. The Orbiter Columbia launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 8, 1989. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the earth, this five day mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California on August 13, 1989. With the completion of this mission, he has logged a total of 121 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Brown is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-48. Scheduled for launch in November 1991, this mission will feature the deployment of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Anthony W. England (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 15, 1942, in Indianapolis, Indiana, but his hometown is West Fargo, North Dakota. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Herman U. England, reside in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary school in Indianapolis, Indiana, and graduated from high school in North Dakota; received bachelor and master of science degrees in Geology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1965, and a doctor of philosophy in Geophysics from MIT in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Kathleen Ann Kreutz, the daughter of Mr. Howard B. Kreutz of Perham, Minnesota. CHILDREN: Heidi Lynd, November 5, 1968; Heather Anne, May 15, 1970.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys sailing and amateur radio.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Geophysical Union, the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and Sigma Xi.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award (1970). Awarded a NASA Outstanding Scientific Achievement Medal (1973), the U.S. Antarctic Medal (1979), the NASA Space Flight Medal (1985), and the American Astronomical Society Space Flight Award (1986).EXPERIENCE: He was a graduate fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the three years immediately preceding his assignment to NASA. He performed heat flow measurements throughout the southwest; took part in geomagnetic studies in Montana; performed radar sounding studies of glaciers in Washington State and Alaska; performed microwave airborne research in geothermal areas of the Western United States; and participated in and led field parties during two seasons in Antarctica. He was Deputy Chief of the Office of Geochemistry and Geophysics for the U.S. Geological Survey, and was Associated Editor for the Journal of Geophysical Research. He served on the National Academy's Earth Science Panel of the Space Science Board, and on several Federal Committees concerned with Antarctic policy, nuclear waste containment, and Federal Science and Technology.He has logged over 3,000 hours of flying time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. England was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He subsequently completed the initial academic training and a 53-week course in flight training at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas, and served as a support crewman for the Apollo 13 and 16 flights.From August 1972 to June 1979, England was a research geophysicist with the U.S. Geological Survey.In 1979 he returned to the Johnson Space Center, as a senior scientist-astronaut (mission specialist), was assigned to the operation mission development group of the astronaut office, and eventually managed that group.Dr. England was a mission specialist on the Spacelab-2 mission (STS 51-F), which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985. He was accompanied by Col. Charles G. Fullerton (spacecraft commander), Col. Roy D. Bridges (pilot), fellow mission specialists, Drs. Karl G. Henize, and F. Story Musgrave, as well as two payload specialists, Drs. Loren Acton, and John-David Bartoe. This mission was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments of which seven were in the field of astronomy and solar physics, three were for studies of the Earth's ionosphere, two were life science experiments, and one studied the properties of superfluid helium. During the mission Dr. England was responsible for activating and operating the Spacelab systems, operating the Instrument Pointing System (IPS), and the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), assisting with experiment operations, and performing a contingency EVA had one been necessary. After 126 orbits of the earth, STS 51-F Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 6,1985. With the completion of this flight England has logged 188 hours in space.Dr. England was Program Scientist for Space Station from May 1986 through May 1987. From June 1987 through December 1987, he taught Remote Sensing Geophysics at Rice University.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. England is a member of the Astronaut Office Science Support Group while awaiting another flight assignment.MARCH 1988</text>
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<text>NAME: Jerry L. Ross (Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel Selectee), USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 20, 1948, in Crown Point, Indiana. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Ross, reside in Crown Point.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Crown Point High School, Crown Point, Indiana, in 1966; received bachelor of science and master of science degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University in 1970 and 1972, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Karen S. Pearson of Sheridan, Indiana. CHILDREN: Amy J., March 30, 1971; Scott L., April 27, 1972.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys softball, racquetball, woodworking, photography, model rocketry, and flying.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Air Force Association, Pi Tau Sigma, and a lifetime member of the Purdue Alumni Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal with 1O Oak Leaf Cluster; named a Dis-tinguished Graduate of the USAF Test Pilot School and recipient of the Outstanding Flight Test Engineer Award, Class 75B; presented the Air Force Systems Command Technical Achievement and Scientific Achievement Awards (1974); and named Air Force Aero-Propulsion Laboratory Junior Officer of the Year in 1974. Recipient of NASA Space Flight Medal (1985,1988, and 1991). Awarded the American Astronautical Society, Victor A. Prather Award (1985).EXPERIENCE: Ross, an Air Force ROTC student at Purdue University, received his commission upon graduation in1970. After receiving his master's degree from Purdue in 1972, he entered active duty with the Air Force and was assigned to the Ramjet Engine Division of Air Force Aero-Propulsion Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. While there, he conducted computer-aided design studies on ramjet and mixed cycle propulsion systems and served as the project engineer for captive tests of a supersonic ramjet missile using a rocket sled track. He also served as project manager for preliminary configuration development of the ASALM strategic air-launched missile and, from June 1974 to July 1975, was Laboratory Executive Officer and Chief of the Management Operations Office. Ross graduated from the USAF Test Pilot School's Flight Test Engineer Course in 1976 and was subsequently assigned to the 6510th Test Wing at Edwards Air Force Base, California. While on assignment to the 6510th's Flight Test Engineering Directorate, he was project engineer on a limited flying qualities evaluation of the RC-1355 aircraft and, as lead B-1 flying qualities flight test engineer, was responsible for the stability and control and flight control system testing performed on the B-1 aircraft. He was also responsible, as chief B-1 flight test engineer, for training and supervising all Air Force B-1 flight test engineer crew members and for performing the mission planning for the B-1 offensive avionics test aircraft.Ross has flown in 21 different types of aircraft, holds a private pilot's license, and has logged nearly 2,100 flying hours, the majority of it in military aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: In February 1979, Ross was assigned to the Payload Operations Division at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center as a payload officer/flight controller. In this capacity, he was responsible for the flight operations integration of payloads into the Space Shuttle.Ross was selected as an astronaut in May 1980. His technical assignments since then have included EVA, RMS, and chase team. He was the support crewman for STS 41-B, 41-C and 51-A. He was a CAPCOM during STS 41-B, 41-C, 41-D, 51-A and 51-D. He also has served as Chief of the Mission Support Branch, and was a member of the 1990 Astronaut Selection Board.Ross was a mission specialist on the crew of STS 61-B, which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 26, 1985. During the mission, the crew deployed the MORELOS-B, AUSSAT 11, and SATCOM Ku-2 communications satellites, conducted two six-hour space walks to demonstrate Space Station construction techniques with the EASE/ACCESS experiments, and operated numerous other experiments. After completing 108 orbits of the Earth in 165 hours, STS 61-B Atlantis landed on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 3, 1985.During 1986 and 1987, Ross helped develop the Space Station assembly concepts and EVA operational design. He served as a Technical Advisor to the Space Station Work Package 3 Source Selection Board. He also was a prime participant in the development and evaluation of the new, higher pressure, space suit and gloves.Ross then flew as a mission specialist on the crew of ST5-27, on board the Orbiter Atlantis, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on December 2, 1988. The mission carried a Department of Defense payload, as well as a number of secondary payloads. After 68 orbits of the earth in 105 hours, the mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 6, 1988.Ross again flew as a mission specialist on STS-37 aboard the Orbiter Atlantis. The mission launched from KSC on April 5, 1991, and deployed the 35,000 pound Gamma Ray Observatory. Ross performed two space walks totaling 10 hours and 49 minutes to manually deploy the stuck Gamma Ray Observatory antenna and to test prototype Space Station Freedom hardware. After 93 orbits of the Earth in 144 hours, the mission concluded with a landing on Runway 33, at Edwards Air Force Base, on Apri 11, 1991.With the completion of this flight, Ross has logged a total of 414 hours in space, including over 23 hours on four space walks.CURRENTASSIGNMENT: Ross is in training as the payload Commander (Mission Specialist) on STS-55, Spacelab D-2, currently scheduled for launch in January 1993.MAY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Joseph P. Allen (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Crawfordsville, Indiana, on June 27, 1937. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph P. Allen, III, reside in Frankfort, Indiana.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 6 inches; weight: 130 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Mills School and is a graduate of Crawfordsville High School in Indiana; received a bachelor of arts degree in math and physics from DePauw University in 1959, and a master of science degree and a doctor of philosophy degree in physics from Yale University in 1961 and 1965, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Bonnie Jo Darling of Elkhart, Indiana. CHILDREN: David Christopher, September 1968; and Elizabeth Darling, May 1972.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys handball, squash, flying, sailing, skiing, music, and photography.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Physical Society, the American Astronautical Society, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Phi Beta Kappa, Beta Theta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Phi Eta Sigma.SPECIAL HONORS: Winner of a Fulbright Scholarship to Germany (1959-1960), the Outstanding Flying Award, Class 69-06, Vance Air Force Base (1969), two NASA Group Achievement Awards (1971, 1974) in recognition of contributions to the Apollo 15 Lunar Traverse Planning Team and for subsequent work on the Outlook for Space Study Team; presented the 1972 Yale Science and Engineering Association Award for Advancement of Basic and Applied Science, the DePauw University Distinguished Alumnus Award (1972), a NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1973), a NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1978), and a NASA Superior Performance Award (1975, 1981), an honorary doctor of science from DePauw University (1983), and the Komarov Diploma from the Federation Aeronautique Internationale.EXPERIENCE: Allen was a research associate in the Nuclear Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington prior to his selection as an astronaut. He was a staff physicist at the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Yale University in 1965 and 1966, and during the period 1963 to 1967, served as a guest research associate at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.He has logged more than 3,000 hours flying time in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Allen was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He completed flight training at Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma. He served as mission scientist while a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 15 and served as a staff consultant on science and technology to the President's Council on International Economic Policy.From August 1975 to 1978, Dr. Allen served as NASA Assistant Administrator for Legislative Affairs in Washington, D.C. Returning to the Johnson Space Center in 1978 as a senior scientist astronaut, Dr. Allen was assigned to the Operations Mission Development Group. He served as a support crewmember for the first orbital flight test of the Space Transportation System and was the entry CAPCOM for this mission. In addition, in 1980 and 1981, he worked as the technical assistant to the director of flight operations.Dr. Allen served as mission specialist on STS-5, the first fully operational flight of the Shuttle Transportation System, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 11, 1982. He was accompanied by Vance D. Brand (spacecraft commander), Col. Robert F. Overmyer (pilot), and Dr. William B. Lenoir (mission specialist). STS-5, the first mission with four crewmembers, clearly demonstrated the Space Shuttle as fully operational by the successful first deployment of two commercial communications satellites from the Orbiter's payload bay. The mission marked the first use of the Payload Assist Module (PAM-D), and its new ejection system. Numerous flight tests were performed throughout the mission to document Shuttle performance during launch, boost, orbit, atmospheric entry and landing phases. STS-5 was the last flight to carry the Development Flight Instrumentation (DFI) package to support flight testing. A Getaway Special, three Student Involvement Projects, and medical experiments were included on the mission. The STS-5 crew successfully concluded the five-day orbital flight of Columbia with the first entry and landing through a cloud deck to a hard-surface runway and demonstrated maximum braking. STS-5 completed 81 orbits of the Earth in 122 hours before landing on a concrete runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 16, 1982.Dr. Allen was a mission specialist on STS 51-A, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 8, 1984. He was accompanied by Captain Frederick "Rick" Hauck (spacecraft commander), Captain David M. Walker (pilot), and fellow mission specialists, Dr. Anna L. Fisher and Commander Dale H. Gardner. This was the second flight of the Orbiter Discovery. During the mission the crew deployed two satellites, Canada's Anik D-2 (Telesat H) and Hughes' LEASAT-l (Syncom IV-l), and operated the 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions experiment. In the first space salvage attempt in history, the crew successfully retrieved for return-to-Earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar VI communications satellites. STS 51-A completed 127 orbits of the Earth in 192 hours before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 16, 1984. With the completion of this flight Dr. Allen has logged a total of 314 hours in space.NOVEMBER 1984</text>
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<text>NAME: Virgil I. Grissom (Lieutenant Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 3, 1926, in Mitchell, Indiana, where his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Grissom, reside.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 7 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Mitchell High School; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Betty L. Moore of Mitchell, Indiana. CHILDREN: Scott, May 16, 1950; Mark, December 30, 1953.OTHER ACTIVITIES: Enjoys hunting, fishing, skiing, and boating.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.SPECIAL HONORS: Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with Cluster for his Korean service; two NASA Distinguished Service Medals and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal; the Air Force Command Astronaut Wings.EXPERIENCE: Grissom, an Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, received his wings in March 1951. He flew 100 combat missions in Korea in F-86s with the 334th Fighter Interceptor Squadron and, upon returning to the United States in 1952, became a jet instructor. In August 1955, he entered the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, to study aeronautical engineering. He attended the Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, in October 1956 and returned to Wright-Patterson in May 1957 as a test pilot assigned to the fighter branch.He has logged 4,600 hours flying time, 3,500 hours in jet aircraft.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Lieutenant Colonel Grissom was one of the seven Mercury astronauts selected by NASA in April 1959. He piloted the Liberty Bell 7 spacecraft , the second and final suborbital Mercury test flight, on July 21, 1961. This flight lasted 15 minutes and 37 seconds, attained an altitude of 118 statute miles, and traveled 302 miles downrange from the launch pad at Cape Kennedy.On March 23, 1965, he served as command pilot on the first manned Gemini flight, a three-orbit mission, during which the crew accomplished the first orbital trajectory modifications and the first lifting reentry of a manned spacecraft. Subsequent to this assignment, he served as backup command pilot for Gemini 6.He was named to serve as command pilot for the first three-man Apollo flight (Apollo I).Gus Grissom and fellow astronauts Ed White and Roger Chaffee met their deaths on January 27, 1967, at Cape Kennedy, Florida, when a flash fire consumed their spacecraft during a full-scale simulation in preparation for the subsequently scheduled launch of their Saturn/Apollo mission.FEBRUARY 1967</text>
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<text>NAME: William Surles "Bill" McArthur, Jr., (Lieutenant Colonel, USA)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 26, 1951, in Laurinburg, North Carolina. His hometown is Wakulla, NorthCarolina. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Weldon C. Avant, reside in Wakulla. His father, Brigadier General William S. McArthur, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 1 inch; weight: 167 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Red Springs High School, Red Springs, North Carolina, in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Applied Science and Engineering from the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, in 1973, and a master of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1983.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Cynthia Kathryn Lovin of Red Springs, North Carolina. CHILDREN: Kathryn Amelia, August 8, 1979; Margaret Callie, February 25, 1981.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys basketball, running, and photography.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AlAA), the Army Aviation Association of America, the Association of the United States Army, the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, MENSA, and Phi Kappa Phi.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Meritorious Service Medal (First Oak Leaf Cluster), and the Army Commendation Medal. Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Army Aviation School.EXPERIENCE: McArthur graduated from West Point in June 1973 and was commissioned as a SecondLieutenant in the U.S. Army. Following a tour with the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, he entered the U.S. Army Aviation School in 1975. He was the top graduate of his flight class and was designated an Army Aviator in June 1976. He subsequently served as an aeroscout team leader and brigade aviation section commander with the 2nd Infantry Division in the Republic of Korea. In 1978 he was assigned to the 24th Combat Aviation Battalion in Savannah, Georgia, where he served as a company commander, platoon leader, and assistant operations officer. After completing studies at Georgia Tech, he was assigned to the Department of Mechanics at West Point as an assistant professor. In June 1987, he graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an Experimental Test Pilot. Other Military Schools completed include the Army Parachutist Course and the Command and General Staff Officers' Course. A Master Army Aviator, he has logged over 2,400 flight hours in 34 different aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: McArthur was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center in August 1987 as a SpaceShuttle Vehicle Integration Test Engineer. Duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated test of the flight control system for each orbiter for its return to flight. He was a member of the Emergency Escape and Rescue Working Group.Selected by NASA in January 1990, McArthur became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned to the Astronaut Office Operations Development Branch, working issues on the Solid Rocket Booster, Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor, and the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Susan J. Helms (Major, USAF)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 26, 1958, in Charlotte, North Carolina, but considers Portland, Oregon, to be her hometown. Her parents, Lt. Col. (Ret., USAF) Pat and Dori Helms, reside in Albuquerque, New Mexico.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 5 inches; weight: 135 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Parkrose Senior High School, Portland, Oregon, in 1976; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the USAF Academy in 1980, and a master of science degree in Aeronautics/Astronautics from Stanford University in 1985.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Jazz piano and other musical activities, jogging, computers, reading, and needlepoint.ORGANlZATlONS: Women Military Aviators, U.S. Air Force Academy Association of Graduates, Stanford Alumni Association, and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, and the Air Force Commendation Medal. Named a Distinguished Graduate of the USAF Test Pilot School, and recipient of the R. L. Jones Award for Outstanding Flight Test Engineer, Class 88A. In 1990, received the Aerospace Engineering Test Establishment Commanding Officer's Commendation, a special award unique to the Canadian Forces. Named the Air Force Armament Laboratory Junior Engineer of the Year in 1983.EXPERIENCE: Helms graduated from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1980. She received her commission and was assigned to Eglin AFB, Florida, as an F-16 weapons separation engineer with the Air Force Armament Laboratory. In 1982, she became the Lead Engineer for F-15 weapons separation. In 1984 she was selected to attend graduate school. She received her degree from Stanford University in 1985 and was assigned as an Assistant Professor of Aeronautics at the USAF Academy. In 1987, she attended the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California. After completing one year of training as a flight test engineer, Helms was assigned as a USAF Exchange Officer to the Aerospace Engineering Test Establishment, CFB Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada, where she worked as a flight test engineer and project officer on the CF-18 aircraft. She was managing the development of a CF-18 Flight Control System Simulation for the Canadian Forces when selected for the astronaut program.As a flight test engineer, Helms has flown in 30 different types of U.S. and Canadian military aircraft.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Helms became an astronaut in July 1991. She is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews and is presently working RMS/Robotics issues in the Mission Development Branch of the Astronaut Office.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Major Helms is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-54. This six day mission will feature the deployment of TDRS-F and is scheduled for launch late in 1992.AUGUST 1991 </text>
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<text>NAME: Curtis L. Brown, Jr. (Major, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 11, 1956, in Elizabethtown, North Carolina. His mother, Mrs. Rachel H. Brown, resides in Elizabethtown. His father, Mr. Curtis L. Brown, Sr., is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from East Bladen High School, Elizabethtown, North Carolina, in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Electrical Engineering from the Air Force Academy in 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Unmarried.CHILDREN: Gregory Scott, November 9, 1983.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys water and snowskiing, scuba diving, remote control model aircraft, restoring old cars, woodworking, and sailing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, U.S. Air Force Association, and USAF Academy Association of Graduates.SPECIAL HONORS: Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal.EXPERIENCE: Brown was commissioned a Second Lieutenant at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, in 1978, and completed undergraduate pilot training at Laughlin AFB, Del Rio, Texas. He graduated in July 1979 and was assigned to Fly A-10 aircraft at Myrtle Beach AFB, South Carolina, arriving there in January 1980 after completing A-10 training at Davis Monthan AFB, Arizona. In March 1982 he was reassigned to Davis Monthan AFB as an Instructor Pilot in the A-10. In January 1983 he attended USAF Fighter Weapons School at Nellis AFB and returned to Davis Monthan AFB as an instructor in A-10 weapons and tactics. In June 1985 he attended USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California. Upon graduation in June 1986, Brown was assigned to Eglin AFB, Florida, where he served as a test pilot in the A-10 and F-16 aircraft until his selection for the astronaut program.He has logged over 3,100 hours flight time in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Brown completed a one year training and evaluation program in August 1988, which qualified him for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments to date include involvement in the upgrade of the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS), and development of the Flight Data File (FDF). He presently leads the astronaut launch support team responsible for crew ingress/strap-in prior to launch and crew egress after landing, as well as monitoring the refurbishment of OV-102 and OV-103 during ground turnaround processing.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Major Brown is assigned as the pilot on the crew of STS-47 Spacelab-J. This seven-day cooperative mission between the United States and Japan will focus on life science and materials processing experiments in space, and is scheduled for launch in August 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Ellen S Baker, M.D.NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 27, 1953, in Fayetteville, North Carolina, but considers New York City her hometown. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs Melvin Shulman, reside in Beechhurst, New YorkPHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 140 poundsEDUCATlON: Graduated from Bayside High School, New York, New York, in 1970; received a bachelor of arts degree in Geology from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1974, and a doctorate of Medicine degree from Cornell University in 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Kenneth J. Baker. CHILDREN: Karen Sarah, September 18, 1988; Meredith Claire, March 7, 1991.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys swimming, skiing, running, softball, movies, music, and reading.EXPERIENCE: After completing medical school, Dr. Baker trained in Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. In 1981, after three years of training, she was certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine.NASA EXPERIENCE: In 1981, following her residency, Dr. Baker joined NASA as a medical officer at the Lyndon B.Johnson Space Center. That same year, she graduated from the Air Force Aerospace Medicine Primary Course at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas. Prior to her selection as an astronaut candidate she served as a physician in the Flight Medicine Clinic at the Johnson Space Center.Selected by NASA in May 1984, Dr. Baker became an astronaut in June 1985. Her technical assignments to date have included flight crew procedures, flight software verification, operations and engineering support activities, and Space Station support activities.Dr Baker was a mission specialist on STS-34. The crew aboard Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 18, 1989, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 23, 1989. During the mission crew members successfully deployed the Galileo spacecraft on its journey to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone, conducted several medical experiments, and numerous scientific experiments. Mission duration was 79 orbits of the earth. With the completion of this flight, Dr. Baker has logged a total of 119 hours and 41 minutes in space.JULY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Michael John Smith, Commander, USN BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 30, 1945, in Morehead City, North Carolina. EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science in naval science from the U.S. Naval Academy (1967); and a master of science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School (1968). MARITAL STATUS: Married.CHILDREN: Three.EXPERIENCE: He completed a Vietnam tour of duty aboard the U.S.S. Kitty Hawk, graduated from the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School in 1974, and served for 18 months as an instructor at the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School. He was chosen as a pilot astronaut candidate in 1980, and was the pilot of the STS-51-L mission, which ended in the death of the crew.</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles Moss Duke, Jr. (Brigadier General, USAF (Reserve))BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Charlotte, North Carolina, on October 3, 1935. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Duke, make their home in Lancaster, South Carolina.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11-1/2 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Lancaster High School in Lancaster, South Carolina, and graduated valedictorian from the Admiral Farragut Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Naval Sciences from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1957 and a Master of Science degree in Aeronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964; presented an Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of South Carolina in 1973.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Dorothy Meade Claiborne of Atlanta, Georgia.CHILDREN: Charles M., March 8, 1965; Thomas C., May 1, 1967.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies include hunting, fishing, reading, and playing golf.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Air Force Association, the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Reserve Officer Association, Full Gospel Businessmen's Fellowship, and Christian Businessmen's Committee.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, the JSC Certificate of Commendation (1970), the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal and Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings, the SETP Iven C. Kincheloe Award of 1972, the AAS Flight Achievement Award for 1972, the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1973, and the Federation Aeronautique Internationale V.M. Komarov Diploma in 1973; named South Carolina Man of the Year in 1973 and inducted into the South Carolina Hall of Fame in 1973; and presented the Boy Scouts of America Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in 1975.EXPERIENCE: When notified of his selection as an astronaut, Duke was at the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School as an instructor teaching control systems and flying in the F-101, F-104, and T-33 aircraft. He graduated from the Aerospace Research Pilot School in September 1965 and stayed on there as an instructor.He is an Air Force Reserve Brigader General and was commissioned in 1957 upon graduation from the Naval Academy. Upon entering the Air Force, he went to Spence Air Base, Georgia, for primary flight training and then to Webb Air Force Base, Texas, for basic flying training, where in 1958 he became a distinguished graduate. He was again a distinguished graduate at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, where he completed advanced training in F-86L aircraft. Upon completion of this training, he served three years as a fighter interceptor pilot with the 526th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at Ramstein Air Base, Germany.He has logged 4,147 hours flying time, which includes 3,632 hours in jet aircraft.General Duke was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 13 flight.Duke served as lunar module pilot of Apollo 16, April 16-27, 1972. He was accompanied on the fifth manned lunar landing mission by John W. Young (spacecraft Commander) and Thomas K. Mattingly II (command module pilot). Apollo 16 was the first scientific expedition to inspect, survey, and sample materials and surface features in the Descartes region of the rugged lunar highlands. Duke and Young commenced their record setting lunar surface stay of 71 hours and 14 minutes by maneuvering the lunar module "Orion" to a landing on the rough Cayley Plains. In three subsequent excursions onto the lunar surface, they each logged 20 hours and 15 minutes in extravehicular activities involving the emplacement and activation of scientific equipment and experiments, the collection of nearly 213 pounds of rock and soil samples, and the evaluation and use of Rover-2 over the roughest and blockiest surface yet encountered on the moon.Other Apollo 16 achievements includethe largest payload placed in lunar orbit (76,109 pounds); first cosmic ray detector deployed on lunar surface; first lunar observatory with the far UV camera; and longest in-flight EVA from a command module during coast (l hour and 13 minutes). The latter feat was accomplished by Mattingly when he ventured out to "Casper's" SIM-bay for the retrieval of vital film cassettes from the panoramic and mapping cameras. Apollo 16 concluded with a Pacific splashdown and subsequent recovery by the USS TICONDEROGA.With the completion of his first space flight, General Duke has logged 265 hours and 51 minutes in space, which included the 21 hours and 28 minutes in extra vehicular.General Duke also served as backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 17.In December 1975, General Duke retired from the Astronaut program to enter private business. He is a partnerin Duke Investments, and is President of Southwest Wilderness Art, Inc. He is an active speaker and Christian lay witness.He now serves as a Brigadier General in the Air Force Reserve.</text>
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<text>NAME: William Edgar Thornton (M.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Faison, North Carolina, on April 14, 1929.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair;blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 200 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Faison, North Carolina; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics and a doctorate in Medicine from the University of North Carolina in 1952 and 1963, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Elizabeth Jennifer Fowler of Hertfordshire, England.CHILDREN: William Simon, March 15,1959; James Fallon, January 4, 1961.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Air Force Legion of Merit (1956); the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1972); the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1974); the American Astronautical Society's Melbourne W. Boynton Award for 1975 (1977); two NASA Space Flight Medals (1983, 1985); the University of North Carolina Distinguished Alumni Award (1983); the Aerospace Medical Association Randy Lovelace Award (1984); the AIAA Jeffries Medical Research Award (1985); the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States Kern Award (1986); the NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Award (1988).EXPERIENCE: Following graduation from the University of North Carolina and completion Air Force ROTC training, Thornton served as officer-in-charge of the Instrumentation Lab at the Flight Test Air Proving Ground. He later became a consultant to Air Proving Ground Command.As chief engineer of the electronics division of the Del Mar Engineering Labs at Los Angeles from 1956 to 1959, he also organized and directed its Avionics Division. He returned to the University of North Carolina Medical School in 1959, graduated in 1963, and completed internship training in 1964 at the Wilford Hall USAF Hospital at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.He returned to active duty with the United States Air Force and was then assigned to the USAF Aerospace Medical Division, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, where he completed the Primary Flight Surgeon's training in 1964. It was during his two-year tour of duty there that he became involved in space medicine research and subsequently applied and was selected for astronaut training. Dr. Thornton developed and designed the first mass measuring devices for space, which remain in use today.He has logged over 2,500 hours pilot flying time in jet aircraft, is currently a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, and is an adjunct Professor at University of Houston, Clear Lake.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thornton was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He completed the required flight training at Reese Air Force Base, Texas. Thornton was physician crew member on the highly successful Skylab Medical Experiments Altitude Test (SMEAT), a 56-day simulation of a Skylab mission which enabled crewmen to collect medical experiments baseline data and evaluate equipment, operations, and procedures. He was also the mission specialist on SMD III, a simulation of a Spacelab life sciences mission.He was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions, and principal investigator for Skylab experiments on mass measurement, anthropometric measurements, hemodynamics, and human fluid shifts and physical conditioning. He was the first to document the shift and loss of fluid changes in body posture size and shape, including increase in height and rapid loss of muscle strength and mass in space flight.As a member of the Astronaut Office Operations Missions Development group, Dr. Thornton was responsible for developing crew procedures and techniques for deployable payloads, and for maintenance of crew conditions in flight. He developed advanced techniques for, and made studies in kinesiology and kinesimetry related to space operations.During STS operations, he continued physiological investigations in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal and neurological areas. He developed the Shuttle treadmill for in-flight exercise and several other on-board devices. His work concentrated on the Space Adaptation Syndrome, with relevant investigations on STS-4, STS-5, STS-6, STS-7, and STS-8.Dr. Thornton holds more than 35 issued patents that range from military weapons systems through the first real-time EKG computer analysis. Space related items include the first in-flight mass measurement devices, shock and vibration isolation systems, an improved waste collection system, an improved Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) apparatus, and others.Dr. Thornton first served as a mission specialist on STS-8, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1983. This was the third flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a night launch and night landing. During the flight Dr. Thornton made almost continuous measurements of and investigations in adaptation of the human body to weightlessness, especially of the nervous system and of the space adaptation syndrome. This was a continuation of his previous work in these areas. Much of the equipment used was designed and developed by Dr. Thornton. ST5-8 completed 98 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1983.On his second flight, Dr. Thornton was a mission specialist on STS 51-B, the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985. During this mission, Dr. Thornton was responsible for the first animal payload in manned flight and other medical investigations. After completing 110 orbits of the earth, the Orbiter Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on May 6, 1985.Dr. Thornton continues his work in space medicine while awaiting his next flight opportunity.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Thornton is currently working on problems relative to extending mission durations in the Space Shuttle, in Space Station, and in space exploration, and has designed the necessary exercise and other hardware to support such missions. He continues analysis and publication of results from studies of neurological adaptation, and is currently studying neuromuscular inhibition following flight, osteoporosis in space and on earth, and postflight orthostasis. He has completed designs for exercise and other countermeasure equipment for Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) and Space Station which includes improved treadmills, rowing machines, isotonic exercise devices, and a bicycle. Much of this is currently scheduled for flight.FEBRUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Robert D. Cabana (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 23, 1949, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore J. Cabana, reside in Minneapolis, Minnesota.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 157 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Washburn High School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1967; received a bachelor of science degree in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1971.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Nancy Joan Shimer of Cortland, New York. CHILDREN: Jeffrey David, August 19, 1972; Christopher Robert, April 22, 1974; Sarah Anne, August 9, 1977.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys jogging, cycling, racquetball, softball, sailing, and woodworking.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Naval Academy Alumni Association, and Sigma Pi Sigma.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of The Daughters of the American Revolution Award for the top Marine to completeNaval Flight training in 1976. Distinguished Graduate, U.S. Naval Test Pilot School. Personal decorations include the Defense Superior Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, NASA Exceptional Service Medal and NASA Space Flight Medal.EXPERIENCE: After graduation from the Naval Academy, Cabana attended the Basic School in Quantico, Virginia, and completed Naval Flight Officer training in Pensacola, Florida, in 1972. He served as an A-6 Bombardier/Navigator with Marine Air Wings in Cherry Point, North Carolina, and Iwakuni, Japan. He returned to Pensacola in 1975 for pilot training and was designated a Naval Aviator in September 1976. He was then assigned to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing in Cherry Point, North Carolina, where he flew A-6 Intruders. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1981, and served at the Naval Air Test Center in Patuxent River, Maryland, as the A-6 Program Manager, X-29 Advanced Technology Demonstrator Project Officer, and as a test pilot for flight systems and ordnance separation testing on A-6 and A-4 series aircraft. Prior to his selection as an astronaut candidate he was serving as the Assistant Operations Officer of Marine Aircraft Group Twelve in Iwakuni, Japan.He has logged over 4,100 hours in 32 different kinds of aircraft, including the AD-1 oblique wing research aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1985, Cabana became an astronaut in July 1986, qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. After completing his training, he worked as the Astronaut Office Space Shuttle flight software coordinator until November 1986. At that time he was assigned as the Deputy Chief of Aircraft Operations for the Johnson Space Center where he served for two and a half years. He then served as the Lead Astronaut in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) where the Orbiter's flight software is tested prior to flight. Cabana is presently assigned as Chief of Astronaut Appearances. He also serves as a CAPCOM in Mission Control during Space Shuttle missions.Cabana served as the pilot on STS-41. The five man crew launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on October 6 from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October10, 1990. During 66 0rbits of the earth the STS-41 crew successfully deployed the Ulysses spacecraft,starting this interplanetary probe on its four year journey, via Jupiter, to investigate the polar regions of the Sun; operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone levels; activated a controlled "fire in space" experiment (the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE)); and conducted numerous other middeck experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer membrane production and microgravity effects on plants.With the completion of his first space mission, Cabana has logged a total of 98 hours 10 minutes 4 seconds in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Cabana will serve as the pilot on the crew of STS-53, a Department of Defense mission scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Dale A. Gardner (Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 8, 1948, in Fairmont, Minnesota, but grew up in Sherburn, Minnesota, and Savanna, Illinois. Now considers his hometown to be Clinton, lowa, where his parents, Mr. and Mrs. William R. Gardner, currently reside.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Savanna Community High School, Savanna, Illinois, in 1966; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Physics from the University of Illinois in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Sue Grace Ticusan of Indianapolis, Indiana. CHILDREN: Lisa Amanda, December 18, 1977; Todd Allan, December 19, 1982.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys snow skiing, golfing, tennis, and jogging. Other interests include photography and woodworking.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Phi Eta Sigma, Sigma Tau, and Tau Beta Pi. Fellow of American Astronautical Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the National Defense Service Medal (1970), Meritorious Unit Commendation Ribbon (1976), Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (1976), Humanitarian Service Medal (1979), Sea Service Deployment Ribbon (1981), NASA Space Flight Medal (1983), Lloyd's of London Meritorious Service Medal (1984), FAI Komarov Diploma (1984), and the AAS 1984 Flight Achievement Award.EXPERIENCE: Gardner entered on active duty with the U.S. Navy upon graduation from college in July 1970 and was assigned to the Aviation Officer Candidate School at Pensacola, Florida. He was selected as the most promising naval officer from his class. In October 1970, he attended basic naval flight officer training with VT-10 at Pensacola and graduated with the highest academic average ever achieved in the ten year history of the squadron. He proceeded to the Naval Aviation Technical Training Center at Glynco, Georgia, for advanced naval flight officer training and was awarded naval flight officer wings on May 5, 1971, and was selected a distinguished naval graduate.At the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland, from May 1971 to July 1973, he was assigned to the weapons systems test division and involved in F-14A developmental test and evaluation as project officer for testing F-14A inertial navigation systems. Gardner's next assignment was with Fighter Squadron 1 (VF-l), where he flew F-14A aircraft and participated in two WESTPAC cruises while deployed aboard the USS ENTERPRISE. From December 1976 until reporting to NASA in July 1978, he was with Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 4 (VX-4) involved in the operational test and evaluation of fighter aircraft.He has logged more than 2,000 hours flying time in over 20 different types of aircraft and spacecraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Gardner was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979, he completed a one year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. He served as a support crew astronaut for STS-4.He served as a mission specialist on STS-8, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1983. He was accompanied by Captain Richard H. Truly (spacecraft commander), Commander Daniel C. Brandenstein (pilot), and fellow mission specialists Lieutenant Colonel Guion S. Bluford, Jr., and Dr. William E. Thornton. This was the third flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a night launch and night landing. During the mission, the STS-8 crew deployed the Indian National Satellite (INSAT-IB); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) with the Payload Flight Test Article (PFTA); operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) with live cell samples; conducted medical measurements to understand biophysiological effects on space flight; and activated various earth resources and space science experiments along with four Getaway Special canisters. STS-8 completed 98 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1983.He next served as a mission specialist on STS 51-A, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 8, 1984. He was accompanied by Captain Frederick "Rick" Hauck (space craft commander), Captain David M. Walker (pilot), and fellow mission specialists Dr. Joseph P. Allen, and Dr. Anna L. Fisher. This was the second flight of the orbiter Discovery. During the mission the crew deployed two satellites, Canada's Anik D-2 (Telesat H) and Hughes' LEASAT-l (Syncom IV-l), and retrieved for return-to-earth two spacecraft which were in improper orbits, the Palapa B-2 and Westar Vl communication satellites. They also operated the Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME) device and the 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS) experiment. STS 51-A completed 127 orbits of the Earth before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 16, 1984. With the completion of this flight, Commander Gardner has logged a total of 337 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Commander Gardner has been selected to fly as a mission specialist on the first Shuttle flight from the new west coast launch facility at Vandenberg AFB, California.MAY 1986</text>
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<text>NAME: Ellison S. Onizuka (Lieutenant Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 24, 1946, in Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii. His mother, Mitsue Onizuka, resides in Keopu, Hawaii.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 162 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Konawaena High School, Kealakekua, Hawaii, in 1964; received bachelor and master of science degrees in Aerospace Engineering in June and December 1969, respectively, from the University of Colorado.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Lorna Leiko Yoshida of Pahala, Hawaii. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert S. Yoshida, reside in Naalehu, Hawaii.CHILDREN: Janelle Mitsue, October 22, 1969; Darien Lei Shizue, March 11, 1975.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys running, hunting, fishing, and indoor/outdoor sports.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Flight Test Engineers, the Air Force Association, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Tau, and the Triangle Fraternity.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the Air Force Commendation Medal, Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, Air Force Organizational Excellence Award, and National Defense Service Medal.EXPERIENCE: After receiving his commission at the University of Colorado through the four year ROTC program, Onizuka entered on active duty with the United States Air Force as a distinguished military graduate in Janurary 1970. As an aerospace flight test engineer with the Sacramento Air Logistics Center at McClellan Air Force Base, California, he participated in flight test programs and systems safety engineering for the F-84, F-100, F-105, F-lll, EC-121T, T-33, T-39, T-28, and A-l aircraft. He attended the USAF Test Pilot School from August 1974 to July 1975, receiving formal academic and flying instruction in performance, stability and control, and systems flight testing of aircraft. In July 1975 he was assigned to the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, California, serving on the USAF Test Pilot School staff initially as squadron flight test engineer and later as chief of the engineering support section in the training resources branch. His duties involved instruction of USAF Test Pilot School curriculum courses and management of all flight test modifications to general support fleet aircraft (A-7, A-37, T-38, F-4, T-33, and NKC-135) used by the test pilot school and the flight test center. He logged more than 1,700 hours flying time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, he completed a one year training and evaluation period in August 1979. He subsequently worked on orbiter test and checkout teams and launch support crews at the Kennedy Space Center for STS-l and STS-2. He worked on software test and checkout crew at the Shuttle Avionics and Integration Laboratory (SAIL), and has supported numerous other technical assignments ranging from astronaut crew equipment/orbiter crew compartment coordinator to systems and payload development.He first flew as a mission specialist on STS 51-C, the first Space Shuttle Department of Defense mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 24, 1985. He was accompanied by Captain Thomas K. Mattingly (spacecraft commander), Colonel Loren J. Shriver (pilot), fellow mission specialist, Colonel James F. Buchli, and Lieutenant Colonel Gary E. Payton (DOD payload specialist). During the mission, Onizuka was responsible for the primary payload activities, which included the deployment of a modified Inertial Upper Stage (IUS). STS 51-C Discovery completed 48 orbits of the Earth before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 27, 1985. With the completion of this flight he logged a total of 74 hours in space.Lieutenant Colonel Onizuka was a mission specialist on STS 51-L which was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The crew on board the Orbiter Challenger included spacecraft commander Mr. F. R. Scobee, the pilot, Commander M. J. Smith (USN),fellow mission specialist, Dr. R. E. McNair and Dr. J. A. Resnik, as well as two civilian payload specialist, Mr. G. B. Jarvis and Mrs. S. C. McAuliffe. The STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986, after Challenger exploded 1 minute 13 seconds after launch.JANUARY 1986</text>
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<text>NAME: Frederick D. Gregory (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 7, 1941, in Washington, D.C. His mother, Mrs. Nora D. Gregory, is a resident of Washington, D.C.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 190 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C., in 1958; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Air Force Academy in 1964, and a master's degree in Information Systems from George Washington University in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Barbara Archer of Washington, D.C. CHILDREN: Frederick, D., Jr., a Lieutenant in the Air Force and a graduate of Stanford University. Heather Lynn, a social worker and graduate of Sweet Briar College.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys water skiing, fishing, hunting, specialty cars, and stereo equipment.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Order of Daedalians, American HelicopterSociety, Air Force Academy Association of Graduates, the Air Force Association, Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity, the National Technical Association, and the Tuskegee Airmen. He is also on the Board of Directors for the Young Astronaut Council, the Challenger Center for Space Science Education, and the Virginia Air and Space Center Hampton Roads History Center.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal, two Distinguished Flying Crosses, the Meritorious. Service Medal, sixteen Air Medals, the Air Force Commendation Medal, and two NASA Space Flight Medals. Recipient of the NASA Outstanding Leadership Award; the National Society of Black Engineers Distinguished National Scientist Award (1979); an honorary doctor of science degree from the University of the District of Columbia (1986); and the George Washington University Distinguished Alumni Award. Designated an "Ira Eaker Fellow" by the Air Force Association. Recipient of numerous NASA group and individual achievement awards as well as civic and community awards.EXPERIENCE: After graduating from the United States Air Force Academy in 1964, Gregory entered pilot training and attended undergraduate helicopter training at Stead AFB, Nevada. He received his wings in 1965 and was assigned as an H-43 helicopter rescue pilot at Vance AFB, Oklahoma, from October 1965 until May 1966. In June 1966, he was assigned as an H-43 combat rescue pilot at Danang AB, Vietnam. When he returned to the United States in July 1967, he was assigned as a missile support helicopter pilot flying the UH-lF at Whiteman AFB, Missouri. In January 1968, Gregory was retrained as a fixed-wing pilot flying the T-38 at Randolph AFB, Texas. He was then assigned to the F-4 Phantom Combat Crew Training Wing at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona. Gregory attended the United States Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxant River Naval Air Station, Maryland, from September 1970 to June 1971. Following completion of this training, he was assigned to the 4950th Test Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, as an operational test pilot flying fighters and helicopters. In June 1974, Gregory was detailed to the NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. He served as a research test pilot at Langley until selected for the Astronaut Program in January 1978.Gregory has logged more than 6,500 hours flying time in over 50 types of aircraft, including 550 combat missions in Vietnam. He holds an FAA commercial and instrument certificate for single- and multi-engine airplanes and helicopters. He has authored or coauthored several papers in the areas of aircraft handling qualities and cockpit design.NASA EXPERIENCE: Gregory was selected as an astronaut in January 1978. His technical assignments have included Astronaut Office Representative at the Kennedy Space Center during initial Orbiter checkout and launch support for STS-l and STS-2; Flight Data File Manager; lead Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM); Chief, Operational Safety, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; Chief, Astronaut Training; and a member of the Orbiter Configuration Control Board, and the Space Shuttle Program Control Board. He has flown on two Shuttle missions, STS-51 B and STS-33.On his first mission, Gregory was pilot on STS-51 B/Spacelab-3, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985. The crew on board the Orbiter Challenger included spacecraft commander, Robert Overmyer; mission specialists, Norman Thagard, William Thornton, and Don Lind; and payload specialists, Taylor Wang and Lodewijk Vandenberg. On this second flight of the European Space Agency (ESA) developed laboratory, the crew members conducted a broad range of scientific experiments ranging from space physics to the suitability of animal holding facilities. The crew also deployed the Northern Utah Satellite (NUSAT). After seven days of around-the-clock scientific operations, Challenger and its laboratory cargo landed on the dry lakebed at Edwards AFB, California, on May 6, 1985.He was the spacecraft commander on STS-33, which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989. His crew on board the Orbiter Discovery included the pilot, John Blaha, and three mission specialists, Manley "Sonny" Carter, Story Musgrave, and Kathryn Thornton. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79 orbits of the earth, this five day mission concluded on November 27, 1989, with a hard surface landing on Runway 4 at Edwards AFB, California.With the completion of his second mission, Gregory has logged over 288 hours in space.CURRENTASSIGNMENT: Colonel Gregory will command his third mission, STS-44, scheduled for launch during the late summer, 1991. The mission is scheduled to deploy a Department of Defense satellite and participate in other military activities. During this ten day mission, his crew will conduct extensive studies evaluating medical countermeasures to long duration space flight.NOVEMBER 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Robert L. Stewart (Colonel, USA) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 13, 1942, in Washington, D.C., but considers El Lago, Texas, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lee O. Stewart, reside in Tuscumbia, Alabama.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 6 inches; weight: 145 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Hattiesburg High School, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, in 1960; received a bachelor of science degree in Mathematics from the University of Southern Mississippi in 1964, and a master of science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1972.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Mary Jane Murphy of La Grange, Georgia.CHILDREN: Ragon Annette, February 25, 1965; Jennifer Lee, July 21,1968.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys woodworking and photography.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and the National Geographic Society; past member of Phi Eta Sigma, and the Scabbard and Blade (military honor society).SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded four Distinguished Flying Crosses, a Bronze Star, a Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medals (33), the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster and "V" Device, two Purple Hearts, the National Defense Service Medal, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, the U.S. and Vietnamese Vietnam Service Medals, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry; also presented the Army Aviation Safety Certification of Recognition (1978). Recipient of NASA Space Flight Medal (1984 and 1985).EXPERIENCE: Stewart entered on active duty with the United States Army in May 1964 and was assigned as an air defense artillery director at the 32nd NORAD Region Headquarters (SAGE), Gunter Air Force Base, Alabama. In July 1966, after completing rotary wing training at Ft. Wolters, Texas, and Ft. Rucker, Alabama, he was designated an Army aviator. He flew 1,035 hours combat time from August 1966 to 1967, primarily as a fire team leader in the armed helicopter platoon of "A" Company, 101st Aviation Battalion (redesignated 336th Assault Helicopter Company). He was an instructor pilot at the U.S. Army Primary Helicopter School, serving one year in the presolo/primary-l phase of instruction and about six months as commander of methods of instruction flight III, training rated aviators to become instructor pilots. He is a graduate of the U.S. Army's Air Defense School's Air Defense Officers Advanced Course and Guided Missile Systems Officers Course. Stewart served in Seoul, Korea, from 1972 to 1973, with the 309th Aviation Battalion (Combat) as a battalion operations officer and battalion executive officer. He next attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, completing the Rotary Wing Test Pilot Course in 1974, and was then assigned as an experimental test pilot to the U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity at Edwards Air Force Base, California. His duties there included being chief of the integrated systems test division as well as participating in engineering flight tests of UH-l and AH-1 helicopters and U-21 and OV-1 fixed wing aircraft; serving as project officer and senior test pilot on the Hughes YAI 1-64 advanced attack helicopter during government competitive testing; and participating with Sikorsky Aircraft test pilots in developing an electronic automatic flight control system for the new Army transport helicopter, the UH-60A Black Hawk.He has military and civilian experience in 38 types of airplanes and helicopters and has logged approximately 6,000 hours total flight time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Stewart became a NASA Astronaut in August 1979. His technical duties in the astronaut office have included testing and evaluation of the entry flight control system for STS-l (the first Space Shuttle orbital mission), ascent abort procedures development, and payload coordination. He also served as support crewman for STS-4, and Ascent/Orbit CAPCOM for STS-5.Stewart was a mission specialist on Space Shuttle Mission 41-B, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3, 1984, landing eight days later on February 11,1984. During this flight, he and Captain Bruce McCandless, participated in two extravehicular activities (EVAs) to conduct first flight evaluations of the Manned Maneuvering Units (MMUs). These EVAs represented man's first untethered operations from a spacecraft in flight.He next served as a mission specialist on STS 51-J, the second Space Shuttle Department of Defense mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 3, 1985. This was the maiden voyage of the Atlantis, the final Orbiter in the Shuttle fleet. During this mission, he was responsible for a number of on-orbit activities. After 98 hours of orbital operations, Atlantis landed on Edwards Air Force Base, California, on october 7, 1985.With the completion of this flight, he has logged a total of 289 hours in space, including approximately 12 hours of EVA operations.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Stewart is in training as a mission specialist on STS 61-K scheduled for launch in September 1986.OCTOBER 1985</text>
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<text> John H. Casper, Col., USAF Greenville, SC (7-9-43) BS (Air Force Acad.); MS (Purdue) STS-36, STS-54</text>
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<text>NAME: John H. Casper (Colonel, USAF)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 9, 1943, in Greenville, South Carolina, but considers Gainesville, Georgia, to be his hometown. His parents, Colonel (Ret.) and Mrs. John Casper, Jr., reside in Gainesville, Georgia.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 145 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Chamblee High School, Chamblee, Georgia, in 1961; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1966, and a master of science degree in Astronautics from Purdue University in 1967. He is a 1986 graduate of the Air Force Air War College.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Christine G. Cann of Alexandria, VA. CHILDREN: Robert Cann, May 9, 1983; Stephanie Elizabeth, February 1, 1985.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying general aviation aircraft, jogging, and listening to classical music.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, and USAF Academy Association of Graduates.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, eleven Air Medals, six Air Force Commendation Medals, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry.EXPERIENCE: Casper received his pilot wings at Reese Air Force Base, Texas, in 1968. After F-100 upgrade training at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, he was assigned to the 35th Tactical Fighter Wing at Phan Rang Air Base, RVN, where he flew 229 combat missions in the F-100. From 1970 to 1974, Casper was assigned to the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing, RAF Lakenheath, United Kingdom. He served as a Flight Commander, Squadron Scheduling Officer and Wing Weapons Officer flying the F-100 and later the F-4 aircraft. In 1974, Casper graduated from the USAF Test Pilot School and was subsequently assigned as a test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, California, flying weapons delivery and avionics testing for F-4 and A-7 aircraft. As Chief of the F-4 Test Team, he flew initial performance and weapons separation tests for the F-4G Wild Weasel aircraft. From 1976 to 1980, Casper was Operations Officer and later Commander of the 651 3th Test Squadron, conducting flight test programs to evaluate and develop tactical aircraft weapons systems. Casper was assigned to Headquarters USAF in the Pentagon in 1980 as an Action Officer for the Deputy Chief of Staff, Plans and Operations. In 1982 he became Deputy Chief of the Special Projects Office, where he developed USAF positions on requirements, operational concepts, policy and force structure for tactical and strategic programs. Casper has logged over 5,600 flying hours in 50 different aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Casper became an astronaut in June 1985. His technical assignments to date include: lead Astronaut in improving Shuttle computer software and hardware; Astronaut Office lead for improvements to the nosewheel steering, brakes, tires, and development of a landing drag chute; Astronaut Office focal point for all landing site issues; and representative to the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory.Casper was pilot on the crew of STS-36, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990, aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. This mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 72 orbits of the earth, the STS-36 mission concluded with a lakebed landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 4, 1990, after traveling 1.87 million miles. Mission duration was 106 hours. With the completion of his first space flight, Casper has logged a total of 106 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Casper will command a crew of five on STS-54. This six day mission will feature the deployment of TDRS-F and is scheduled for launch late in 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Frank L. Culbertson, Jr. (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 15, 1949, in Charleston, South Carolina, but considers Holly Hill to be his hometown. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Frank Culbertson, Sr., reside in Holly Hill, South Carolina.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 7 inches; weight: 140 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Holly Hill High School, Holly Hill, South Carolina, in 1967; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1971.MARITAL STATUS: Married, June 1987, to the former Rebecca Ellen Dora of Vincennes, Indiana. CHILDREN: Wendy Nicole, February 18, 1976; Amanda Walters, August 30,1979; Ashley Elizabeth, September 18, 1981; Frank Lee, III, August 28, 1990.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, bicycling, tennis, racquetball, squash, running, camping, photography, music, and water sports. Member of varsity rowing and wrestling teams at USNA.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Association of NavalAviators, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, the U.S. Naval Institute, and the Aviation Boatswains Mate's Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Commendation Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal, Navy UnitCommendation, three Meritorious Unit Commendations, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, the Humanitarian Services Medal, and various other unit and service awards.EXPERIENCE: Culbertson graduated from Annapolis in 1971 and served aboard USS Fox (CG-33) in the Gulf of Tonkin for six months prior to reporting to flight training in Pensacola, Florida. After designation as a Naval Aviator at Beeville, Texas, in May 1973, he received training as an F-4 Phantom pilot at VF-121, NAS Miramar, California. From March 1974 to May 1976, he was assigned to VF-151 aboard USS Midway (CV-41), permanently homeported in Yokosuka, Japan. He subsequently was assigned as an exchange pilot with the USAF at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, where he served as Weapons and Tactics Instructor flying F-4C's with the 426th TFTS until September 1978. Culbertson then served as the Catapult and Arresting Gear Officer for USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) until May 1981 when he was selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland. Following graduation in June 1982, he was assigned to the Carrier Systems Branch of the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate where he served as Program Manager for all F-4 testing and as a test pilot for automatic carrier landing system tests in the F-4S, and carrier suitability in the F-4S and the OV-10A. He was engaged in fleet replacement training in the F-14A Tomcat at VF-101, NAS Oceana, Virginia, from January 1984 until his selection for the astronaut candidate program.He has logged 350 carrier landings and over 4,000 hours flying time in 38 different types of aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as a NASA astronaut candidate in May 1984, Culbertson completed basic Astronaut training in June 1985, which qualified him for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His first technical assignment was as a member of the team that redesigned and tested the Shuttle nosewheel steering, tires, and brakes, to provide more safety margin during landing rollout. Culbertson was a member of the launch support team at Kennedy Space Center for Shuttle flights 61-A, 61-B, 61-C, and 51-L, and participated in the preparations for the proposed launch at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, in 1986. Following the Challenger accident, he worked at the NASA Headquarters Action Center in Washington, D.C., assisting with the investigations conducted by NASA, the Presidential Commission, and the Congress. He was then assigned aslead astronaut at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) and was involved in the checkout and verification of the computer software and hardware interfaces for STS-26 and subsequent flights. He was a member of the Emergency Egress Team, which conducts periodic tests of improvements to the Shuttle ground egress systems, and also served as a member of the Astronaut Office Safety Branch. Culbertson's assignment, when named to the STS-38 crew, was as the lead Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center. His duties included communications with the Shuttle crew during ascent and entry and during simulations, and he was on the panel which dealt with procedural problems and flight technique issues between missions. Culbertson was a CAPSOM for seven missions, STS-27, 29, 30, 28, 34, 33, and 32.More recently, Culbertson was the pilot on STS-38. The five man crew launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 15, 1990. During the five day mission crewmembers conducted Department of Defense operations. After 80 orbits of the earth, in the first Shuttle recovery in Florida since 1985, Space Shuttle Atlantis and her crew landed back at the Kennedy Space Center on November 20, 1990. With the completion of his first space flight, Captain Culbertson has logged 117 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Culbertson is currently the acting Deputy Chief of the Flight Crew Operations Space Station Support Office and is also the lead astronaut in the Core Systems and Space Station Safety Branches.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 19, 1946, in Columbia, South Carolina. His mother, Mrs. Ethel M. Bolden, resides in Columbia.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 7 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from C. A. Johnson High School in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1964; received a bachelor of science degree in Electrical Science from the United States Naval Academy in 1968 and a master of science in Systems Management from the University of Southern California in 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Alexis (Jackie) Walker of Columbia, South Carolina.CHILDREN: Anthony Che, June 9, 1971; Kelly M., March 17, 1976.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys racquetball, running, soccer, swimming, and first day cover collecting.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Marine Corps Association, the Montford Point Marine Association, the United States Naval Institute. Lifetime member of the Naval Academy Alumni Association, the University of Southern California General Alumni Association, and Omega Psi Phi Fraternity.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Air Medal, the Strike/Flight Medal (8th award), the University of Southern California (Ebonics Support Group) Outstanding Alumni Award (1982), National Technical Association Honorary Fellow (1983), Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from the University of South Carolina (1984), Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Winthrop College (1986), the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1988), the University of Southern California Alumni Award of Merit (1989), and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Johnson C. Smith University (1990).EXPERIENCE: Bolden accepted a commission as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps following graduation from the United States Naval Academy in 1968. He underwent flight training at Pensacola, Florida, Meridian, Mississippi, and Kingsville, Texas, before being designated a naval aviator in May 1970. He flew more than 100 sorties into North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, in the A-6A Intruder, while assigned to VMA(AW)533 at Nam Phong, Thailand, June 1972 - June 1973. Upon returning to the United States, Bolden began a two year tour as a Marine Corps officer selection officer and recruiting officer in Los Angeles, California, followed by three years in various assignments at the Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California. In June 1979 he graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, and was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Systems Engineering and Strike Aircraft Test Directorates. While there, he served as an ordnance test pilot and flew numerous test projects in the A-6E, EA-6B, and A-7C/E airplanes.He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1980, Bolden became an astronaut in August 1981, qualifying for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments to date include: Astronaut Office Safety Officer, Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations, Special Assistant to the Director of the Johnson Space Center, Astronaut Office Liaison to the Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance Directorates of the Marshall Space Flight Center, and the Kennedy Space Center, Chief of the Safety Division at JSC, and Lead Astronaut for Vehicle Test and Checkout at the Kennedy Space Center.On his first mission Bolden was pilot on the crew of STS-61C, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 12, 1986. During the six day flight of Columbia, the crew deployed the SATCOM KU satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. STS-61C made a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 18, 1986. With the completion of his first space flight, Bolden logged 146 hours in space.More recently, Bolden was pilot on the crew of STS-31, which launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, on April 24, 1990, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. During this five day mission, crew members deployed the Hubble Space Telescope, and conducted a variety of middeck experiments. They also utilized a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for earth observations from their record setting altitude of 380 miles. Following 75 orbits of the earth in 121 hours, STS-31 Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 29, 1990.With the completion of his second mission, Bolden has logged a total of 267 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Bolden will command the crew of STS-45. The mission is scheduled for launch in early 1992 aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia and will be dedicated to studying atmospheric phenomena.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Ronald E. McNair (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 21, 1950, in Lake City, South Carolina. His mother, Pearl M. McNair, resides in Lake City, South Carolina; his father, Carl C. McNair, is a resident of New York City, New York.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Carver High School, Lake City, South Carolina, in 1967; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from North Carolina A&T State University in 1971 and a doctor of philosophy in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1976; presented an honorary doctorate of Laws from North Carolina A&T State University in 1978, an honorary doctorate of science from Morris College in 1980, and an honorary doctorate of science from the University of South Carolina in 1984.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Cheryl Moore of Jamaica, New York. CHILDREN: Reginald Ervin, February 12, 1982; and Joy Cheray, July 20, 1984.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys running, boxing, football, playing cards, cooking, and performing jazz saxophone. He is a 5th degree black belt Karate instructor. ORGANIZATIONS: Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Optical Society, the American Physical Society (APS), the APS Committee on Minorities in Physics, the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics Board of Trustees, the MIT Corporation Visiting Committee, Omega Psi Phi, and a visiting lecturer in Physics at Texas Southern University.SPECIAL HONORS: Graduated magna cum laude from North Carolina A&T (1971); named a Presidential Scholar (1967-1971), a Ford Foundation Fellow (1971-1974), a National Fellowship Fund Fellow (1974-1975), a NATO Fellow (1975); winner of Omega Psi Phi Scholar of the Year Award (1975), Los Angeles Public School System's Service Commendation (1979), Distinguished Alumni Award (1979), National Society of Black Professional Engineers Distinguished National Scientist Award (1979), Friend of Freedom Award (1981), Who's Who Among Black Americans (1980), an AAU Karate Gold Medal (1976), five Regional Blackbelt Karate Championships, and numerous proclamations and achievement awards.EXPERIENCE: While at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dr. McNair performed some of the earliest development of chemical HF/DF and high-pressure CO lasers. His later experiments and theoretical analysis on the interaction of intense C02 laser radiation with molecular gases provided new understandings and applications for highly excited polyatomic molecules.In 1975, he studied laser physics with many authorities in the field at E'cole D'ete Theorique de Physique, Les Houches, France. He has published several papers in the areas of lasers and molecular spectroscopy and has given many presentations in the United States and abroad.Following graduation from MIT in 1976, McNair became a staff physicist with Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California. His assignments included the development of lasers for isotope separation and photochemistry, utilizing nonlinear interactions in low-temperature liquids and optical pumping techniques. He also conducted research on electro-optic laser modulation for satellite-to-satellite space communications, the construction of ultrafast infrared detectors, ultraviolet atmospheric remote sensing, and the scientific foundations of the martial arts.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. McNair was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979, he completed a one year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for assignment as a mission specialist astronaut on future Space Shuttle flight crews.He first flew as a mission specialist on STS 41-B, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, onFebruary 3, 1984. He was accompanied by spacecraft commander, Mr. Vance Brand, the pilot, Commander Robert L. Gibson, and fellow mission specialists, Captain Bruce McCandless II, and Lt. Col. Robert L. Stewart. The flight accomplished the proper shuttle deployment of two Hughes 376 communications satellites as well as the flight testing of rendezvous sensors and computer programs. The mission marked the first flight of the Manned Maneuvering Unit and the first use of the Canadian arm (operated by McNair) to position an EVA crewman around Challenger's payload bay. Included were the German SPAS-Ol Satellite, acoustic levitation and chemical separation experiments, the Cinema 360 motion picture filming, five Getaway Specials, and numerous middeck experiments which Dr. McNair assumed primary responsibility for. Challenger culminated in the first landing on the runway at Kennedy Space Center on February 11, 1984. With the completion of this flight, he logged a total of 191 hours in space.Dr. McNair was a mission specialist on STS 51-L, which was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The crew on board the Orbiter Challenger included the spacecraft commander, Mr. F. R. Scobee, the pilot, Commander M. J. Smith (USN), fellow mission specialists, Lieutenant Colonel E. S. Onizuka (USAF), and Dr. J. A. Resnik, as well as two civilian payload specialists, Mr. G. B. Jarvis and Mrs. 5. C. McAuliffe. The STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986 after Challenger exploded 1 minute 13 seconds after launch.JANUARY 1986</text>
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<text>NAME: Ellen Ochoa (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 10, 1958 in Los Angeles, California, but considers La Mesa, California, to be her hometown. Her mother, Rosanne Ochoa, resides in La Mesa.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 5 inches; weight: 108 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Grossmont High School, La Mesa, California, in 1975; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from San Diego State University in 1980, a master of science degree and a doctorate in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1981 and 1985, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Coe Fulmer Miles of Molalla, Oregon. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Classical Flutist and private pilot. She also enjoys volleyball and bicycling.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Optical Society of America (OSA), the Society for Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers(SPlE), the International Neural Network Society (INNS), Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi honor societies.SPECIAL HONORS: Valedictorian of San Diego State Universrty in 1980; recipient of Stanford EngineeringFellowship (1980-81) and IBM Predoctoral Fellowship (1982-84); Student Soloist Award Winner, Stanford Symphony Orchestra (1983); Hispanic Engineer National Achievement Award as Most Promising Engineer in Government (1989); and the National Hispanic Quincentennial Commission Pride Award (1990).EXPERIENCE: In her doctorate dissertation, Dr. Ochoa used photorefractive crystals (a real-time holographic medium) in a coherent four-wave mixing optical system to perform nonlinear filtering of images. Her work resulted in a patent for a system to detect defects in periodic objects. Graduating from Stanford in 1985, she took a research staff position at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, California. While there, she worked on developing optical methods for distortion-invariant object recognition and on optical filters for noise removal. Dr. Ochoa is a coinventor on two additional patents in these areas. Dr. Ochoa joined NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, in 1988, to lead a research group in optical processing, working primarily on optical recognition systems for space automation. Six months later, she was selected as Chief of the Intelligent Systems Technology Branch, acting as technical and administrative leader of 35 engineers and scientists engaged in research and development of high performance computational systems for aerospace missions. In addition to holding patents, Dr. Ochoa has presented numerous papers at technical conferences and in scientific journals.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Ochoa became an Astronaut in July 1991. She is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned to Space Shuttle flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL).AUGUST 1991 </text>
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<text>NAME: Michael Richard "Rich" Clifford (Major, USA) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October l3, 1952 in San Bernadino, California,but considers Ogden, Utah, to be his hometown. His parents, Gordon and Lenore Clifford, reside in Ogden.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Ben Lomond High School, Ogden, Utah in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, in 1974, and a master of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1982.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Nancy Elizabeth Brunson of Darlington, South Carolina. CHILDREN: Richard Benjamin, March 14, 1980; Brandon Brunson, May 19, 1983.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys flying, golf, tennis, water and snow skiing, baseball, and coaching youth sports.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Phi Kappa Phi, American Helicopter Society, Army Aviation Association, and the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Army Commendation Medal. Distinguished Graduate of the United States Army Aviation School.EXPERIENCE: Clifford graduated from West Point in June 1974 and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. He served a tour with the 10th Cavalry in Fort Carson, Colorado and then entered the U.S. Army Aviation School in 1976. He was the top graduate of his flight class and was designated an Army Aviator in October 1976. He was subsequently assigned for three years as a service platoon commander with the Attack Troop, 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment in Nuremberg, West Germany. After completing a master of science degree at Georgia Tech in 1982, he was assigned to the Department of Mechanics at West Point as an instructor and assistant professor. In December 1986 he graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an Experimental Test Pilot.A Master Army Aviator, he has logged 2,500 flying hours in a wide variety of fixed and rotary winged aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Clifford, as a military officer, was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July of 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration Engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Post Flight Assessment Team. Selected by NASA in January 1990, Clifford became an Astronaut in July 1991. Since April 1991, he has worked in the Mission Development Branch of the Astronaut Office. He participates in the design,development, and evaluation of Space Shuttle payloads and crew equipment that have Extravehicular Activity (EVA) interfaces.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Major Clifford is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-53, a Department of Defense mission, scheduled for launch in late 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Kevin P. Chilton (Lieutenant Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 3, 1954, in Los Angeles, California. His parents, Jim and Shirley Chilton, reside in Los Angeles.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; Brown eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from St. Bernard High School, Playa del Rey, California, in 1972; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Sciences from the USAF Academy in 1976, and a master of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University on a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Cathy Dreyer of Shalimar, Florida. CHILDREN: Madison Marie, September 28, 1989.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys reading and all sports, including running, snow skiing, sailing and softball. He also plays the guitar in a rock and roll band.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Order of Daedalians, USAF Academy Association of Graduates.SPECIAL HONORS: Distinguished Graduate USAF Academy and Guggenheim Fellowship recipient, 1976; Commanders' Trophy winner as top graduate from Air Force Undergraduate Pilot Training, 1978; Secretary of the Air Force Leadership Award recipient as top graduate of Air Force Squadron Officer School for 1982; recipient of the Liethen-Tittle Award as the Outstanding Test Pilot of the USAF Test Pilot School Class 84A, 1984; NASA "Top Fox" Flight Safety Award Winner, 1991; and awarded two USAF Meritorious Service Medals and the AF Commendations Medal.EXPERIENCE: Chilton received his Air Force commission from the USAF Academy in 1976 and then completed amasters degree in Mechanical Engineering on a Guggenheim Fellowship at Columbia University in 1977. After receiving his wings in 1978 from Air Force pilot training at Williams AFB in Arizona, he qualified in the RF-4 Phantom 11 and was assigned to the 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron at Kadena AB, Japan. From 1978 until 1980, he served as a combat ready pilot and instructor pilot in the RF-4 in Korea, Japan and the Philippines. In 1981 he converted to the F-15 Eagle and was assigned to the 67th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Kadena AB in Japan as a squadron pilot. In 1982 Chilton attended the USAF Squadron Officer School at Maxwell AFB, Alabama and finished as the number one graduate for the year, receiving the Secretary of the Air Force Leadership Award. Subsequently assigned to the 9th and 7th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Holloman AFB New Mexico, Chilton served as an F-15 Squadron Weapons Officer, Instructor Pilot, and Flight Commander until 1984 when he was selected for the USAF Test Pilot School. Graduating number one in his class in 1984, Chilton was assigned to Eglin AFB, Florida where he conducted weapons and systems tests in all models of the F-15 and F-4. While a member of the 3247th Test Squadron, Chilton served as Squadron Safety Officer, Chief of Test and Evaluation, and as Squadron Operations Officer. In August 1987 he was assigned to NASA as an astronaut candidate.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, Chilton became an astronaut in August 1988 and qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Since then he has held a variety of technical assignments including duties in the Mission Development Branch within the Astronaut Office, in support of the Infrared Background Signature Survey (IBSS) satellite, and the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) programs. He is currently serving as the astronaut office T-38 Safety Officer and the leader of the Astronaut Support Personnel team at the Kennedy Space Center.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Lt. Col. Chilton is assigned as pilot on the crew of STS-49. During this eight-day mission, crew members will attach a new booster and redeploy the Intelsat satellite, and will also perform three EVAs (space walks) as part of an extensive test of EVA techniques to be employed during Space Station assembly. STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992 aboard the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.FEBRUARY 1991</text>
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Young NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in San Francisco, California, on September 24, 1930.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 65 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Orlando High School, Orlando, Florida; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering with highest honors from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Susy Feldman of St. Louis, Missouri.CHILDREN: Sandy, April 30, 1957; John, January 17, 1959.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Wind surfing and bicycling.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society (AAS), the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor (1981), NASA Distinguished Service Medals (3), Navy Astronaut Wings (1965), Navy Distinguished Service Medals (2), Navy Distinguished Flying Crosses (3), the Georgia Tech Distinguished Young Alumni Award (1965), Distinguished Service Alumni Award (1972), and the Exceptional Achievement Award (1985). Inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1988. Recipient of more than 65 other major awards, including four honorary doctorate degrees.EXPERIENCE: Upon graduation from Georgia Tech, Young entered the U.S. Navy. After serving on the west coast destroyer, USS LAWS (DD-558), for one year, he was sent to flight training in props, jets, and helicopters. He was then assigned to Fighter Squadron 103 for four years, flying Cougars and Crusaders.After test pilot training at the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School in 1959, he was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center for three years. His test projects included evaluations of the Crusader and Phantom fighter weapons systems. In 1962 he set world time-to-climb records to 3,000- and 25,000-meter altitudes in the Phantom. Prior to reporting to NASA, he was maintenance officer of Phantom Fighter Squadron 143. Young retired from the Navy as a Captain in September 1976, after completing almost 25 years of active military service.He has logged more than 11,700 hours flying time, including 835 hours in six space flights.NASA EXPERIENCE: In September 1962 Young was selected as an astronaut. He is the first person to fly in space six times. The first flight was with Gus Grissom in Gemini 3, the first manned Gemini mission, on March 23, 1965. This was a complete end-to-end test of the Gemini spacecraft, during which Gus accomplished the first manual change of orbit altitude and plane and the first lifting reentry, and Young operated the first computer on a manned spacecraft. On Gemini 10, July 18-21, 1966, Young, as commander, and Mike Collins, as pilot, completed a dual rendezvous with two separate Agena target vehicles. Mike Collins also did an extravehicular transfer to retrieve a micrometeorite detector from the second Agena. On his third flight, May 18-26, 1969, Young was command module pilot of Apollo 10. Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan were also on this mission, which orbited the Moon and completed a lunar rendezvous. His fourth space flight, Apollo 16, April 16-27, 1972, was a lunar exploration mission. Young was the spacecraft commander and flew with Ken Mattingly and Charlie Duke. Young and Duke set up scientific equipments and explored the lunar highlands at Descartes. They collected almost 200 pounds of rocks and drove over 16 miles in the lunar rover while on the moon.Young's fifth flight was as spacecraft commander of STS-1, the first flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia, April 12-14, 1981, with Bob Crippen as pilot. The 54-1/2 hour, 36 orbit mission verified Space Shuttle systems performance during launch, on orbit, and entry. Tests included evaluation of mechanical systems including the payload bay doors, the attitude and maneuvering rocket thrusters, guidance and navigation systems, and Orbiter/crew compatibility. One hundred and thirty three of the mission's flight test objectives were accomplished. Columbia is the first manned spaceship to be flown into orbit without benefit of previous unmanned orbital testing. Columbia is also the first winged reentry vehicle to return from space to a runway landing. It weighed about 98 tons when Young braked it to a stop on the dry lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California.Young's sixth flight was as spacecraft commander of STS-9, the first Spacelab mission, November 28 - December 8, 1983, with pilot Brewster Shaw, mission specialists Bob Parker and Owen Garriott, and payload specialists Byron Lichtenberg of the USA, and Ulf Merbold of West Germany. The mission successfully completed all 94 of its flight test objectives. For ten days the six-man crew worked 12-hour shifts around-the-clock, performing more than 70 experiments in the fields of atmospheric physics, earth observations, space plasma physics, astronomy and solar physics, materials processing, and life sciences. The mission returned more scientific and technical data than all the previous Apollo and Skylab missions put together. The Spacelab was brought back for reuse, so Columbia weighed about 110 tons as Young landed the spaceship at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He was also on five backup crews: backup pilot in Gemini 6, backup command pilot of the second Apollo mission before the Apollo Program fire and of Apollo 7, and backup spacecraft commander for Apollo 13 and 17. In preparation for prime and backup crew positions on ten space flights, Young has put more than 12,000 hours into training so far, mostly in simulations and simulators.In January 1973 Young was made Chief of the Space Shuttle Branch of the Astronaut Office, providing operational and engineering astronaut support for the design and development of the Space Shuttle. In January 1974 he was selected to be Chief of the Astronaut Office, with responsibility for the coordination, scheduling, and control of activities of the astronauts. Young served as Chief of the Astronaut Office until May 1987. During his tenure, astronaut flight crews participated in the Apollo-Soyuz joint American/ Russian docking mission, the Space Shuttle Orbiter Approach and Landing Test Program, and twenty-five Space Shuttle missions.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Young currently serves as Special Assistant to the Director of JSC for Engineering,Operations, and Safety. In this position, Young has direct access to the Center Director and other senior managers in defining and resolving issues affecting the continued safe operation of the Space Shuttle. Additionally, Young is assisting the Center Director in providing advice and counsel on engineering, operational, and safety matters related to the Space Station, the uprated Shuttle, the National Aerospace Plane, the Crew Emergency Return Vehicle, and the Human Exploration Initiative. As an active astronaut, Young remains eligible to command future Shuttle astronaut crews.APRIL 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Michael L. Coats (Captain, USN)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 16, 1946, in Sacramento, California, but considers Riverside, California, as his hometown. His father, Col. Loyd A. Coats (USAF Ret.), resides in Dunbar, Wisconsin. His mother, Mrs Jan Coats, resides in Ft. Collins, Colorado.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 190 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Ramona High School, Riverside, California, in 1964; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1968, a master of science in Administration of Science and Technology from George Washington University in 1977, and master of science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Diane Eileen Carson of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. CHILDREN: Laura M., August 29, 1973; Paul M., November 2, 1978.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys reading, racquetball, and jogging.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots; Associate fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal, Navy Distinguished Flying Crosses (3), Strike Flight Air Medals (32), Individual Action Air Medals (3), Navy Commendation Medals with Combat V (9), and the NASA Space Flight Medal.EXPERIENCE: Coats graduated from Annapolis in 1968 and was designated a Naval Aviator in September 1969. After training as an A-7E pilot, he was assigned to Attack Squadron 192 (VA-192) from August 1970 to September 1972 aboard the USS KITTYHAWK and, during this time, flew 315 combat missions in Southeast Asia. He served as a flight instructor with the A-7E Readiness Training Squadron (VA-122) at Naval Air Station, Lemoore, California, from September 1972 to December 1973 and was then selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Patuxent River, Maryland. Following test pilot training in 1974, he was project officer and test pilot for the A-7 and A-4 aircraft at the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate. He served as a flight instructor at the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School from April 1976 until May 1977. He then attended the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School at Monterey, California, from June 1977 until his selection for the astronaut candidate program.He has logged over 5,000 hours flying time in 28 different types of aircraft, and over 400 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate in January 1978, Coats became a NASA Astronaut in August 1979. He was a member of the STS-4 astronaut support crew, and was a capsule communicator for STS-4 and STS-5. A veteran of three space flights, Coats flew on STS-41-D in 1984, STS-29 in 1989, and STS-39 in 1991. From May 1989 to March 1990, he served as Acting Chief of the Astronaut Office.On his first mission, Coats was pilot on the crew of STS 41-D, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1984. This was the maiden flight of the Orbiter Discovery. During this six-day mission the crew successfully activated the OAST-l solar cell wing experiment; deployed three satellites (SBS-D, SYNCOM IV-2, and TELSTAR 3C); and operated the CFES-III experiment, the student crystal growth experiment, and photography experiments using the IMAX motion picture camera. The crew earned the name "Icebusters" bysuccessfully removing hazardous ice particles from the Orbiter using the Remote Manipulator System. STS 41-D completed 96 orbits of the earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1984.In February 1985, Coats was selected as spacecraft commander on the crew of STS-61H, which was subsequently canceled after the Challenger accident.As spacecraft commander of STS-29, Coats and his crew launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, aboard the Orbiter Discovery, on March 13, 1989. During this highly successful five-day mission, the crew deployed a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, and performed numerous secondary experiments, including a Space Station "heat pipe" radiator experiment, two student experiments, a protein crystal growth experiment, and a chromosome and plant cell division experiment. In addition, the crew took over 3,000 photographs of the earth using several types of cameras, including the IMAX 70 mm movie camera. Mission duration was 80 orbits and concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 18, 1989.More recently, Coats commanded a seven-member crew on STS-39. This unclassified eight-day Department of Defense mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on April 28, 1991. Crewmembers worked around-the-clock in two-shift operations during which they deployed, operated, and retrieved the SPAS-II spacecraft, in addition to conducting various science experiments, including research of both natural and induced phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere. After completing 134 orbits of the Earth, Discovery and her crew landed at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on May 6, 1991.With the completion of his third mission, Coats has logged over 463 hours in space.JUNE 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Michael J. McCulley (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 4, 1943, in San Diego, California, but considers Livingston, Tennessee, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Gilson H. McCulley, are both deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 1 inch; weight: 185 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Livingston Academy, Livingston, Tennessee, in 1961; received a bachelor of science degree and a master of science degree in Metallurgical Engineering from Purdue University in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jane Emalie Thygeson of Melbourne, Florida.CHILDREN: Marla Danielle, October 30, 1968; Marcy Deanna, January 19, 1972; Cynthia Lynn, March 24, 1975; Robyn Marie, December 16, 1978; Sarah Emalie, July 10, 1986.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, reading, camping, and jogging.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Association of Space Explorers, and Tau Beta Pi.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Space Flight Medal, Navy Commendation Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Meritorious Unit Commendation, Navy Good Conduct Medal, Sea Service Ribbon, National Defense Medal, Small Arms Expert Ribbon, and the Battle "E" Ribbon.EXPERIENCE: After graduation from high school, McCulley enlisted in the U.S. Navy and subsequently served on one diesel powered and two nuclear powered submarines. In 1965 he entered Purdue University, and in January 1970, received his Naval Officers commission and both degrees. Following flight training, he served tours of duty in A-4 and A-6 aircraft, and was selected to attend the Empire Test Pilots School in Great Britain. He served in a variety of test pilot billets at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland, before returning to sea duty on USS SARATOGA and USS NIMITZ.He has logged over 5,000 flying hours in over 50 aircraft types and has nearly 400 carrier landings from six aircraft carriers.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, McCulley completed a one year training and evaluation program in June 1985, qualifying him for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments to date include having served as the Astronaut Office weather coordinator, the flight crew representative to the Shuttle Requirements Control Board, Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations, and currently, as lead of the Astronaut Support Team at the Kennedy Space Center.McCulley was the pilot on STS-34. The crew aboard Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 18, 1989, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 23, 1989. During the mission crew members successfully deployed the Galileo spacecraft on its journey to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone, and performed numerous secondary experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer morphology, lightning research, microgravity effects on plants, and a student experiment on ice crystal growth in space. Mission duration was 79 orbits of the earth. With the completion of this flight, Captain McCulley has logged a total of 119 hours and 41 minutes in space.JUNE 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Sally K. Ride (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 26, 1951, in Los Angeles, California. Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. Dale B. Ride, reside in Encino, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 5 inches; weight: 115 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Westlake High School, Los Angeles, California, in 1968; received from Stanford University a bachelor of science in Physics and a bachelor of arts in English in 1973, and master of science and doctorate degrees in Physics in 1975 and 1978, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: She enjoys tennis (having been an instructor and having achieved national ranking as a junior), running, rugby, volleyball, softball and stamp collecting.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Ride has held teaching assistant and research assignments while a graduate student in the Physics Department at Stanford University. Her research includes one summer with the low-temperature group working in experimental general relativity, three years in X-ray astrophysics, and two years in free electron laser physics.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Ride was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979, she completed a one year training and evaluation period, making her eligible for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. She subsequently performed as an on-orbit capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for the STS-2 and STS-3 missions.Dr. Ride was a mission specalist on STS-7, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 18, 1983. She was accompanied by Captain Robert L. Crippen (spacecraft commander), Captain Frederick H. Hauck (pilot), and fellow mission specialists Colonel John M. Fabian and Dr. Norman E. Thagard. This was the second flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a five person crew. During the mission, the STS-7 crew deployed satellites for Canada (ANIK C-2) and Indonesia (PALAPA B-l); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to perform the first deployment and retrieval exercise with the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPA5-01 ); conducted the first formation flying of the orbiter with a free-flying satellite (SPAS-01); carried and operated the first U.S./German cooperative materials science payload (OSTA-2); and operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) and the Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) experiments, in addition to activating seven Getaway Specials. Mission duration was 147 hours before landing on a lakebed runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1983.Dr. Ride served as a mission specialist on STS 41-G, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984. This was the largest crew to fly to date and included Captain Robert L. Crippen (spacecraft commander), Captain Jon A. McBride (pilot), fellow mission specialists, Dr. Kathryn D. Sullivan and Commander David C. Leestma, as well as two payload specialists, Commander Marc Garneau and Mr. Paul Scully-Power. Their eight day mission deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the earth with the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera, as well as demonstrated potential satellite refuelling with an EVA and associated hydrazine transfer. Mission duration was 197 hours and concluded with a landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 13, 1984.In June 1985 Dr. Ride was assigned to serve as a mission specialist on STS 61-M. She terminated mission training in January 1986 in order to serve as a member of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident. Upon completion of the investigation, she was assigned to NASA Headquarters as Special Assistant to the Administrator for long range and strategic planning.Dr. Ride will leave NASA in Autumn 1987 to assume the position of Science Fellow at the Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms Control, Palo Alto, California. She will work as a physicist in her new position.AUGUST 1987</text>
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<text>NAME: Frederick (Rick) Hauck (pronounced HOWK) (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 11, 1941, in Long Beach, California, but considers Winchester, Massachusetts, and Washington, D. C., to be his hometowns. His parents were the late Captain and Mrs. Philip F. Hauck.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from St Albans School in Washington, D.C. in 1958; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from Tufts University in 1962 and a master of science degree in Nuclear Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Dolly Bowman of Washington, D.C.CHILDREN: Ms. Whitney Hauck Wood; Ens. Stephen Christopher Hauck, USN.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: During his spare time, he enjoys skiing, sailing, squash, and working on his 1958 Corvette.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.SPECIAL HONORS: The Defense Distinguished Service Medal; the Distinguished Flying Cross; the Air Medal (9); the Navy Commendation Medal with Gold Star and Combat V; the NASA Distinguished Service Medal; the NASA Medal for Outstanding Leadership; the NASA Space Flight Medal (2); the Presidential Cost Saving Commendation; the AIAA Haley Space Flight Award; Lloyd's of London Silver Medal for Meritorious Service; the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award; the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) Yuri Gagarin Gold Medal; the FAI Komarov Diploma (2); the Tufts University Presidential Medal; and the Delta Upsilon Distinguished Alumnus Award. He was named the Navy's Outstanding Test Pilot for 1972.EXPERIENCE: Hauck, a Navy ROTC student at Tufts University, was commissioned upon graduation in 1962 and reported to the USS WARRINGTON (DD-843) where he served 20 months as communications officer and CIC officer. In 1964, he attended the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, for studies in math and physics and, for a brief time in 1965, studied Russian at the Defense Language Institute in Monterey. Selected for the Navy's Advanced Science Program, he received his master's degree in Nuclear Engineering from MIT the next year.He commenced flight training at the Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Florida, in 1966, and upon receiving his wings in 1968, he reported to the Naval Air Station at Oceana, Virginia, for replacement pilot training in the A-6. As a pilot with VA-35 he deployed to the Western Pacific with Air Wing 15 aboard USS CORAL SEA (CVA-43), flying 114 combat and combat support missions.In August 1970 Hauck returned to the east coast A-6 replacement training squadron, VA-42, as a visual weapons delivery instructor. Selected for test pilot training, he reported to the U. S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, in 1971. A three-year tour in the Naval Air Test Center's Carrier Suitability Branch of the Flight Test Division followed. During this tour, Hauck served as a project test pilot for automatic carrier landing systems in the A-6, A-7, F-4, and F-14 aircraft, and was team leader for the Navy Board of Inspection and Survey aircraft carrier trials of the F-14. In 1974, he reported as operations officer to Commander Carrier Air Wing 14 aboard USS ENTERPRISE (CV(N)-65). During this tour, he flew the A-6, A-7, and F-14 during both day and night carrier operations. He reported to Attack Squadron 145 as executive officer in February 1977, following a brief tour in VA-128.Hauck has logged over 5,500 hours flying time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Hauck was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979 he completed a one-year training and evaluation period qualifying him for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. He was a member of the support crew for STS-l, the first Shuttle Orbiter mission, and was the reentry capsule communicator (CAPCOM) on the support crew for STS-2. Subsequently he was a project test pilot for development of flight techniques and landing aids in preparation for the first orbiter night landing.Hauck was pilot for STS-7, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 18, 1983. The crew included Robert Crippen (spacecraft commander), and three mission specialists, John Fabian, Sally Ride, and Norman Thagard. This was the second flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a five-person crew. During the mission, the STS-7 crew deployed satellites for Canada (ANIK C-2) and Indonesia (PALAPA B-l); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to perform the first deployment and retrieval exercise with the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-01); conducted the first formation flying of the orbiter with a free-flying satellite (SPAS-01); carried and operated the first U.S./German cooperative materials science payload (OSTA-2); operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) and the Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) experiments; and activated seven Getaway Specials. Mission duration was 147 hours before landing on a lakebed runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1983.Hauck was next spacecraft commander of STS 51-A, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 8, 1984. His crew included Dave Walker (pilot), and three mission specialists, Joe Allen, Anna Fisher, and Dale Gardner. This was the second flight of the orbiter Discovery. During the mission, the crew deployed two satellites, Telesat Canada's Anik D-2, and Hughes' LEASAT-l (Syncom IV-l), and operated the 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions(DMOS) experiment. In the first space salvage mission in history the crew also retrieved for return to earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar VI satellites. STS 51-A completed 127 orbits of the Earth before landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 16, 1984.In March 1985 Captain Hauck became the Astronaut Office Project Officer for the integration of the liquid fueled Centaur upper stage into the Space Transportation System. In May 1985 he was named Commander of the Ulysses solar probe mission (sponsored by the European Space Agency). After the Challenger accident this mission was postponed, and the Shuttle Centaur project was terminated. In August 1986 Captain Hauck was appointed NASA Associate Administrator for External Relations, Washington D.C. He resumed his astronaut duties at the Johnson Space Center in early February 1987.Hauck was the spacecraft commander on STS-26, the first flight to be flown since the Challenger accident. The Orbiter Discovery was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 29, 1988. The crew on board the Discovery included the pilot, Dick Covey, and three mission specialists, Dave Hilmers, Mike Lounge, and Pinky Nelson. During the four-day mission, the crew successfully deployed the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C), which was subsequently carried to orbit by the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) rocket. They also operated eleven middeck experiments. Discovery completed 64 orbits of the earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 3, 1988. Mission duration was 97 hours. With the completion of his third space flight, Hauck logged a total of 436 hours in space.Captain Hauck left NASA in March 1989. He is currently Director, Navy Space Systems (OP-943), on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations in Washington, D.C.APRIL 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: Bryan D. O'Connor (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 6, 1946, in Orange, California, but considers Twentynine Palms, California, to be his hometown. His parents, Colonel (USMC, Retired) and Mrs. Thomas J. O'Connor, reside in Twentynine Palms, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 172 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Twentynine Palms High School, Twentynine Palms, California, in 1964; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering (minor in Aeronautical Engineering) from the United States Naval Academy in 1968 and a master of science in Aeronautical Systems from the University of West Florida in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Susan A. Reid of Vienna, Virginia. Her mother, Mrs. Emily Reid, resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia.CHILDREN: Thomas R., September 10, 1970; and Kevin D., May 14, 1973.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys model ship/airplane building, scuba diving, rowing, racquetball, squash, swimming, and music.SPECIAL HONORS: Marine Basic School Platoon Honor Man; Test Pilot School Distinguished Graduate Award; Defense Superior Service Medal. Recipient of the NASA Space Flight Medal (1985), and two NASA Exceptional Service Medals (1988, 1989).EXPERIENCE: O'Connor began active duty with the United States Marine Corps in June 1968 following graduation from the Naval Academy at Annapolis. He completed Marine Infantry Officer's Basic School at Quantico, Virginia, in December 1968, and then reported to Pensacola, Florida, for flight training, receiving his wings in June 1970. He served as a squadron pilot with VMA-214 at El Toro, California, where he flew the A-4E and A-4F Skyhawk light-attack aircraft. In July 1971, he returned to Kingsville, Texas as an advanced flight training instructor in the TA-4J trainer and was subsequently assigned to VMA-513, the first Harrier squadron homebased at Beaufort, South Carolina. As a squadron pilot, he deployed with VMA-513 to Iwakuni, Japan, and Kwangju, Korea, and completed a six month cruise aboard USS GUAM in the Mediterranean. O'Connor is a graduate of the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School and served as a test pilot with the Naval Air Test Center's Strike Test Directorate at Patuxent River, Maryland. During this three and a half year assignment, he participated in evaluations of various conventional and VSTOL aircraft, including the A-4, OV-10, AV-8, and the X-22 VSTOL research aircraft. From June 1977 to June 1979, he was the Naval Air Test Center project pilot for all AV-8 Harrier projects, including the first Navy preliminary evaluation of the YAV-8B advanced Harrier prototype. When informed of his selection by NASA, he was serving as the Harrier class desk officer at the Naval Air Systems Command.He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying time, including 4,300 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: O'Connor was selected as an astronaut in May 1980. He was a T-38 chase pilot for STS-3, and was CAPCOM for STS-5 through STS-9. O'Connor was assigned as pilot on STS 61-M. When that mission was canceled after the Challenger accident, he served as Assistant to the Shuttle Program Manager from March 1986 until February 1988, and as Chairman of NASA's Space Flight Safety Panel from September 1986 to February 1989. From August 1989 to April 1990 he was Deputy Director of Flight Crew Operations. He is a veteran of two space missions and has logged over 383 hours in space. On his first mission O'Connor was pilot on the crew of STS 61-B. The Orbiter Atlantis was launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 26, 1985. During the mission the crew deployed the MORELOS-B, AUSSAT 11, and SATCOM K-2 communications satellites, conducted two six-hour space walks to demonstrate Space Station construction techniques with the EASE/ACCESS experiments, operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis (CFES) experiment for McDonnell Douglas and a Getaway Special (GAS) container for Telesat, Canada, conducted several Mexican Payload Specialist Experiments for the Mexican Government, and tested the Orbiter Experiments Digital Autopilot (OEX DAP). This was the heaviest payload weight carried to orbit by the Space Shuttle to date. After completing 108 orbits of the earth in 165 hours, STS 61-B Atlantis landed on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 3, 1985.More recently, O'Connor commanded the crew of STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1), a dedicated space and life sciences mission, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 5,1991. SLS-1 was a nine day mission during which crew members performed experiments which explored how humans, animals, and cells respond to microgravity and readapt to earth's gravity on return. Other payloads included experiments designed to investigate materials science, cosmic radiation, and the accelerations on the vehicle resulting from various maneuvers on orbit. Following 146 orbits of the earth, Columbia and her crew landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 14, 1991, to perform the first high speed nosewheel steering test on a concrete runway. Completion of this flight logged him an additional 218 hours in space.JUNE 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: James D. A. "Ox" van Hoften (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 11, 1944, in Fresno, California, but considers Burlingame, California, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Adriaan van Hoften, reside in Redwood City, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 6 feet 4 inches; weight: 200 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Mills High School, Millbrae, California, in 1962; received a bachelor of science degree in Civil Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1966, and a master of science degree and a doctor of philosophy in Hydraulic Engineering from Colorado State University in 1968 and 1976, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Vallarie Davis of Pasadena, California; her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Davis, are residents of San Diego, California.CHILDREN: Jennifer Lyn, October 31, 1971; Jamie Juliana, August 24, 1977; Victoria Jane, March 17, 1981.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, playing handball and racquetball, and jogging.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), Sigma Xi, Chi Epsilon, and Pi Kappa Alpha.SPECIAL HONORS: Meritorious Service Medal, two Navy Air Medals, National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal, and two NASA Space Flight Medals.EXPERIENCE: From 1969 to 1974, van Hoften was a pilot in the United States Navy. He received flight training at Pensacola, Florida, and completed jet pilot training at Beeville, Texas, in November 1970. He was then assigned to the Naval Air Station, Miramar, California, to fly F-4 Phantoms, and subsequently to VF-121 Replacement Air Group. As a pilot with VF-154 assigned to the carrier USS RANGER in 1972, van Hoften participated in two cruises to Southeast Asia where he flew approximately 60 combat missions. He resumed his academic studies in 1974 and completed a dissertation on the interaction of waves and turbulent channel flow for his doctorate. In September 1976, he accepted an assistant professorship of Civil Engineering at the University of Houston, and until his selection as an astronaut candidate, taught fluid mechanics and conducted research on biomedical fluid flows concerning flows in artificial internal organs and valves. Dr. van Hoften has published a number of papers on turbulence, waves, and cardiovascular flows. From 1977 until 1980 he flew F4N's with Naval Reserve Fighter Squadron 201 at NAS Dallas. He currently holds the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserve, and, as a member of the Texas Air National Guard, is flying with the 147th Fighter Interceptor Group as a pilot in the F4C.He has logged 3,300 hours flying time, the majority in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. van Hoften was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. He completed a one year training and evaluation period in August 1979.From 1979 through the first flight, STS-l, van Hoften supported the Shuttle entry and on-orbit guidance, navigation and flight control testing at the Flight Systems Laboratory at Downey, California. Subsequently he was the lead of the Astronaut Support Team at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, responsible for the Space Shuttle turn-around testing and flight preparations.Dr. van Hoften was a mission specialist on STS 41-C, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 6, 1984. He was accompanied by Captain Robert L. Crippen (spacecraft commander), Mr. F.R. (Dick) Scobee (pilot), and fellow mission specialists, Mr. Terry J. Hart, and Dr. G. D. "Pinky" Nelson. During this mission the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired it on-board the orbiting Challenger, and replaced it in orbit, using the robot arm called the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The mission also included flight testing of Manned Maneuvering Units (MMU's) in two extravehicular activities (EVA's); operation of the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems, as well as a Bee Hive Honeycomb Structures student experiment. Mission duration was seven days before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 13, 1984.Dr. van Hoften was next a mission specialist on STS 51-1, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 27,1985. The crew included Col. Joe Engle (commander), Col. Dick Covey (pilot), and mission specialists Mr. Mike Lounge and Dr. William Fisher. During this mission the crew successfully deployed three communications satellites, the Navy's Syncom IV-4, Australian Aussat, and American Satellite Company's ASC-l. The crew also performed the successful salvage of the ailing Navy Syncom IV-3 satellite. This task included two Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) in which Dr. van Hoften, attached to the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), performed the first manual grapple and manual deployment of a satellite in orbit. The mission also included the Physical Vapor Transport of Organic Solids (PVTOS), the second material processing experiment to be flown aboard a Shuttle for 3M. STS 51-1 completed 112 orbits of the Earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 3, 1985. With the completion of this flight, Dr. van Hoften has logged a total of 338 hours in space, including 22 hours of EVA flight time.CURREN'T ASSIGNMENT: Dr. van Hoften has been selected to serve as a mission specialist for mission STS 61-G, scheduled for launch in May 1986.OCTOBER 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: N. Jan Davis (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 1, 1953, at Cocoa Beach, Florida, but considers Huntsville Alabama, to be her hometown. Her parents, B. Bryce and Dolly Jo Davis, reside in Huntsville.PHYSICAL DESCRlPTlON: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 5 inches; weight: 125 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Huntsville High School in 1971; received bachelor of science degrees in Applied Biology from Georgia Institute of Technology, and in Mechanical Engineering from Auburn University, in 1975 and 1977 respectively; and received a master of science degree and a doctorate in Mechanical Engineering from University of Alabama in Huntsville, in 1983 and 1985, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to astronaut Mark Lee. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: She enjoys flying, ice skating, aerobics, bicycling, snow skiing, water sports, and needlework. She is a volunteer Junior Girl Scout troop assistant leader.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Member, Tau Beta Pi, Omicron Delta Kappa, Pi Tau Sigma, and Alpha Xi Delta social sorority.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of Marshall Space Flight Center Director's Commendation (1987), three NASA Special Service Awards (1982,1983, 1986), NASA Fellowship for Full-Time Study (1983), and ASME National Old Guard Prize (1978).EXPERIENCE: After graduating from Auburn University in 1977, Dr. Davis joined Texaco in Bellaire, Texas, working as a Petroleum Engineer in tertiary oil recovery. She left there in 1979 to work for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center as an Aerospace Engineer. In 1986, she was named as team leader in the Structural Analysis Division, and her team was responsible for the structural analysis and verification of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the HST Maintenance Mission, and the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility. In 1987, she was also assigned to be the lead engineer for the redesign of the Solid Rocket Booster external tank attach ring. Dr. Davis did her graduate research at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, studying the long-term strength of pressure vessels due to the viscoelastic characteristics of filament-wound composites. She holds one patent and has authored several technical papers.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, Dr. Davis became an astronaut in August 1988, qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Her initial technical assignment was in the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch, where she provided technical support for the Tethered Satellite System, the Italian Upper Stage, the PAM Upper Stage, and other satellites which will be integrated into the Orbiter. She also supports the Spacelab Pallet and other Spacelab missions. In addition to being certified as an operator of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) mechanical arm, Dr. Davis is a member of the EVA cadre.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Davis is assigned as a mission specialist on STS-47, Spacelab-J. This cooperative venture between the United States and Japan, to conduct experiments in life sciences and materials processing, is scheduled for launch in August 1992.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Richard "Dick" N. Richards (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 24, 1946, in Key West, Florida, but considers St Louis, Missouri, to be his hometown. His mother, Mrs. Marjorie Richards, resides in St Louis.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Red hair, blue eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Riverview Gardens High School in St Louis, Missouri, in 1964; received a bachelor of science degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Missouri in 1969 and a master of science in Aeronautical Systems from the University of West Florida in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Lois Hollabaugh of Amarillo, Texas.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys skiing, running, and racquetball.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots; Tau Beta Pi, Engineering Honorary; and Lambda Chi Alpha, Social Fraternity.SPECIAL HONORS: National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal, Distinguished Graduate of U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, and Naval Air Test Center Test Pilot of the Year for 1980, and the NASA Space Flight Medal.EXPERIENCE: Richards was commissioned an Ensign in the United States Navy upon graduating from the University of Missouri in 1969 and was designated a Naval Aviator in August of the following year. From 1970 to 1973, he flew support missions in the A-4 Skyhawk and F-4 Phantom airplanes while assigned to Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron Thirty-Three at NAS Norfolk, Virginia. He subsequently reported to Fighter Squadron 103 and deployed to the North Atlantic and Mediterranean aboard USS AMERICA (CV-66) and USS SARATOGA (CV-61), flying F-4 airplanes. Selected for test pilot training, he reported to the U. S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, in 1976. A tour in the Naval Air Test Center's Carrier Systems Branch and F/A-18A Program Office of the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate followed test pilot school graduation. Over the next 3-1/2 years, Richards served as a project test pilot for automatic carrier landing systems development work in F-4 and A-7 aircraft and also conducted approach/landing/catapult flying qualities and catapult minimum endspeed performance testing of a prototype "slatted" F-4S airplane. As carrier suitability project officer for the F/A-18A Hornet airplane, he made the first shipboard catapults and arrested landings during initial sea trials of the F/A-18A on board the USS AMERICA in 1979. He was reassigned to Fighter Squadron 33 in May 1980 and was en route to that assignment when notified of his selection as an astronaut candidate.His flight experience includes over 4,400 hours in 16 different types of airplanes. He has also completed more than 400 landings on board various aircraft carriers.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1980, Richards became an Astronaut in August 1981. Richards has flown twice, on STS-28, August 8- 13, 1989, and on STS-41, October 6- 10, 1990.On his first space flight, Richards was pilot on the crew of STS-28, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 8, 1989. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the earth, this five day mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 13, 1989. Mission duration was 121 hours 9 seconds.Slightly more than one year later, Richards commanded the crew of STS-41. The five man crew launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on October 6 from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October10, 1990. During 66 Orbits of the earth the STS-41 crew successfully deployed the Ulysses spacecraft, starting this interplanetary probe on its four year journey, via Jupiter, to investigate the polar regions of the Sun; operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone levels; activated a controlled "fire in space" experiment (the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE)); and conducted numerous other middeck experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer membrane production and microgravity effects on plants.More recently, Richards was assigned as commander of STS-50, scheduled for launch aboard the space shuttle Columbia in May,1992. STS-50 will be the first flight of the United States Microgravity Laboratory. Over a two week period the STS-50 flight crew will conduct a wide variety of experiments relating to materials processing in a microgravity environment.With the completion of his second space mission, Richards has logged a total of 219 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds in space.DECEMBER 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: William B. Lenoir (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born on March 14, 1939, in Miami, Florida. His father, Mr. Samuel S. Lenoir, resides in Miami.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Coral Gables, Florida; is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering in 1961, a master of science degree in 1962, and a doctor of philosophy degree in 1965.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Elizabeth May Frost. CHILDREN: William B., Jr., April 6, 1965; and Samantha E., March 20, 1968.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies include sailing, woodworking, and outdoor activities.ORGANIZATIONS: Senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; and member of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Eta Kappa Nu, and the Society of Sigma Xi.SPECIAL HONORS: Sloan Scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and winner of the Carleton E. Tucker Award for Teaching Excellence at MIT; awarded the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1974), and NASA Space Flight Medal (1982).EXPERIENCE: From 1964 to 1965, Lenoir was an instructor at MIT; and in 1965, he was named assistant professor of electrical engineering. His work at MIT included teaching electromagnetic theory and systems theory as well as performing research in remote sensing.He has been an investigator in several satellite experiments and continues research in this area while fulfilling his astronaut assignments.Lenoir is a registered professional engineer in Texas.He has logged over 3,200 hours of flying time in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Lenoir was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He completed the initial academic training and a 53-week course in flight training at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas.Lenoir was backup science-pilot for Skylab 3 and Skylab 4, the second and third manned missions in the Skylab Program. During Skylab 4, he was coleader of the visual observations project and coordinator between the flight crew and the principal investigators for the solar science experiments.From September 1974 to July 1976, Lenoir spent approximately half of his time as leader of the NASA Satellite Power Team. This team was formed to investigate the potential of large-scale satellite power systems for terrestrial utility consumption and to make program recommendations to NASA Headquarters.Lenoir has supported the Space Shuttle program in the areas of orbit operations, training, extravehicular activity, and payload deployment and retrieval. His interest in the remote sensing of the Earth and its resources continues, with particular emphasis on the role of an orbiting astronaut.Dr. Lenoir served as mission specialist on the STS-5 mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 11, 1982. He was accompanied on the first four man crew by Vance D. Brand (spacecraft commander), Col. Robert F. Overmyer (pilot), and Dr. Joseph P. Allen (mission specialist). STS-5 was the first operational flight of the Spaceship Columbia and became known as the "We Deliver" mission. Two commercial communications satellites with Payload Assist Module upper stages (PAM-D) were successfully deployed from the Orbiter's cargo bay, a first. This activity was shared with the world when the on-board television tape was played to the control center later that evening. In addition to collecting precise data to document the Shuttle's performance during launch, boost, orbit, atmospheric entry and landing phases, STS-5 carried a Getaway Special experiment, three Student Involvement Project experiments, and medical experiments. STS-5 was the last flight to carry the Development Flight Instrumentation (DFI) package to support flight testing. The STS-5 crew successfully concluded the five day orbital flight of Columbia with the first entry and landing through a cloud deck to a hard-surface runway, demonstrating maximum braking. STS-5 completed 81 orbits of the Earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 16, 1982.Following STS-5, Dr. Lenoir was responsible for the direction and management of mission development within the Astronaut Office.Dr. Lenoir resigned from NASA in September 1984, to assume a position with the management and technology consulting firm of Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc. in Arlington, Yirginia.JUNE 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: Norman E. Thagard (M.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 3, 1943, in Marianna, Florida, but considers Jacksonville, Florida, to be his hometown. His father, Mr. James E. Thagard, is deceased; his mother, Mrs. Mary F. Nicholson, is a resident of St. Peterburg, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 156 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Paxon Senior High School, Jacksonville, Florida, in 1961; attended Florida State University where he received bachelor and master of science degrees in Engineering Science in 1965 and 1966, respectively, and subsequently performed premed course work; received a doctor of medicine from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Rex Kirby Johnson of Atlanta, Georgia. CHILDREN: Norman Gordon, May15, 1968; James Robert, November 29, 1970; Daniel Cary, November 22, 1979.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: During his free time, he enjoys classical music, and electronic design.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Phi Kappa Phi.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded eleven Air Medals, the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat, "V", the Marine Corps "E" Award, the Vietnam, Service Medal, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry with Palm.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thagard held a number of research and teaching posts while completing the academic requirements for various earned degrees.In September 1966, he entered active duty with the United States Marine Corps Reserve. He achieved the rank of Captain in 1967, was designated a naval aviator in 1968, and was subsequently assigned to duty flying F4s with VMFA-333 at Marine Corps Air Station, Beaufort, South Carolina. He flew 163 combat missions in Vietnam while assigned to VMFA-115 from January 1969 to 1970. He returned to the United States and an assignment as aviation weapons division officer with VMFA-251 at the Marine Corps Air Station, Beaufort, South Carolina.Thagard resumed his academic studies in 1971, pursuing additional studies in electrical engineering, and a degree in medicine; prior to coming to NASA, he was interning in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina.He is a pilot and has logged over 2,200 hours flying time, the majority in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thagard was selected as an astronaut candidate in January 1978. In August 1979, he completed a one year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews.Dr. Thagard was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-7, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 8, 1983. This was the second flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a crew of five. During this mission, the STS-7 crew deployed satellites for Canada (ANIK C-2) and Indonesia (PALAPA B-1); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to perform the first deployment and retrieval exercise with the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-01 ); conducted the first formation flying of the orbiter with a free-flying satellite (SPAS-01); carried and operated the first U.S./German cooperative materials science payload (OSTA-2); and operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) and the Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) experiments, in addition to activating seven Getaway Specials. During the flight Dr. Thagard conducted various medical tests and collected data on physiological changes associated with astronaut adaptation to space. He also retrieved the rotating SPAS-01 using the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). Mission duration was 147 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1983.On his second flight, Dr. Thagard served as a mission specialist on STS 51-B, the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985, aboard the Challenger. He assisted the commander and pilot on ascent and entry. Mission duration was 168 hours. Duties on orbit included satellite deployment operation with the NUSAT satellite as well as animal care for the 24 rats and two squirrel monkeys contained in the Research Animal Holding Facility (RAHF). Other duties were operation of the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC), Urinary Monitoring System (UMS), and the Ionization States of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Heavy Nuclei (IONS) experiment. After 110 orbits of the earth Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on May 6, 1985.Dr. Thagard was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-30, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 4, 1989, aboard the Orbiter Atlantis. During this four day mission, crew members successfully deployed the Magellan Venus- exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle. Magellan is scheduled to arrive at Venus in mid 1990 and will map the entire surface of Venus, for the first time, using specialized radar instruments. In addition, crewmembers also worked on secondary payloads involving fluid research in general, chemistry and electrical storm studies. Mission duration was 97 hours. Following 64 orbits of the earth, the STS-30 mission concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on May 8, 1989.With the completion of his third flight, Dr. Thagard has logged a total of 411 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Thagard is in training as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-42. This mission is scheduled for launch on the Orbiter Columbia in the Fall of 1991.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Fred Wallace Haise, Jr.NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Biloxi, Mississippi, on November 14, 1933; his mother, Mrs. Fred W. Haise, Sr., resides in Biloxi.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9-1/2 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Biloxi High School, Biloxi, Mississippi; attended Perkinston Junior College (Association of Arts); received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1959, and an honorary Doctorate of Science from Western Michigan University in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former F. Patt Price of Rogers, Texas.CHILDREN: Mary M., January 25, 1956; Frederick T., May 13, 1958; Stephen W., June 30, 1961; Thomas J., July 6, 1970.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society and the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP); member, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Gamma Tau, and Phi Theta Kappa; and honorary member, National WWII Glider Pilots Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Presidential Medal for Freedom (1970); the NASA Distinguished Service Medal; the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1971; the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Awards for 1970 and 1977; the City of New York Gold Medal in 1970; the City of Houston Medal for Valor in 1970; the Jeff Davis Award (1970); the Mississippi Distinguished Civilian Service Medal (1970); the American Defense Ribbon; the SETP's Ray E. Tenhoff Award for 1966; the A. B. Honts Trophy as the outstanding graduate of Class 64A from the Aerospace Research Pilot School in 1964; the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1978); the JSC Special Achievement Award (1978); the Soaring Society of America's Certificate of Achievement Award (1978); the General Thomas D. White Space Trophy for 1977 (1978); the SETP's Iven C. Kincheloe Award (1978); and the Air Force Association's David C. Schilling Award (1978).EXPERIENCE: Haise was a research pilot at the NASA Flight Research Center at Edwards, California, before coming to Houston and the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; and from September 1959 to March 1963, he was a research pilot at the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. During this time, he had several papers published. He was the Aerospace Research Pilot School's outstanding graduate of Class 64A and served with the U. S. Air Force from October 1961 to August 1962 as a tactical fighter pilot and as chief of the 164th Standardization Evaluation Flight of the 164th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Mansfield, Ohio. From March 1957 to September 1959, Haise was a fighter interceptor pilot with the 185th Fighter Interceptor Squadron in the Oklahoma Air National Guard.He also served as a tactics and all weather flight instructor in the U. S. Navy Advanced Training Command at NAAS Kingsville, Texas, and was assigned as a U. S. Marine Corps fighter pilot to VMF-533 and 114 at MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina, from March 1954 to September 1956.His military career began in October 1952 as a Naval Aviation Cadet at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida.Haise has accumulated 8,700 hours flying time, including 5,700 hours in jets.NASA EXPERIENCE: Was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April l966. He served as backup lunar module pilot for the Apollo 8 and 11 missions.Haise was lunar module pilot for Apollo 13, April 11-17, 1970. Apollo 13 was programmed for ten days and was committed to our first landing in the hilly, upland Fra Mauro region of the moon; however, the original flight plan was modified in route to the moon due to a failure of the service module cryogenic oxygen system which occurred approximately 55 hours into the flight. Haise and fellow crewmen, James A. Lovell (spacecraft commander) and John L. Swigert (command module pilot), working closely with Houston ground controllers, converted their lunar module Aquarius into an effective lifeboat. Their emergency activation and operation of lunar module systems conserved both electrical power and water in sufficient supply to assure their safety and survival while in space and for the return to earth.In completing his first space flight, Mr. Haise logged a total of 142 hours and 54 minutes in space.He served as backup spacecraft commander for the Apollo 16 mission.From April 1973 to January 1976, he was technical assistant to the Manager of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Project.Haise was commander of one of the two 2-man crews who piloted space shuttle approach and landing test (ALT) flights during the period June through October 1977. This series of critical orbiter flight tests initially involved Boeing 747/orbiter captive-active flights, followed by air-launched, unpowered glide, approach, and landing tests (free flights). There were three captive mated tests with the orbiter Enterprise carried atop the Boeing 747 carrier aircraft, allowing in-flight low altitude and low-speed test, and checkout of flight control systems and orbiter controls, and five free flights which permitted extensive evaluations of the orbiter's subsonic flying qualities and performance characteristics during separation, up and away flight, flare, landing, and rollout, which provided valuable real-time data duplicating the last few minutes of an operational shuttle mission.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Haise resigned from NASA June 1979 and became Vice-President, Space Programs at Grumman Aerospace Corporation.</text>
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<text>NAME: Donald H. Peterson (Colonel, USAF, Retired) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Winona, Mississippi, on October 22,1933. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Peterson, reside in Winona.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 147 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Winona City High School, Winona, Mississippi; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in 1955, and a master's degree in Nuclear Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, in 1962.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Bonnie Love of Coffeeville, Mississippi. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Tom Love, reside in Coffeeville.CHILDREN: Donald H., Jr., July 16, 1958; Jean M., October 17, 1959; Shari L., August 28, 1962.RECREATlONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys jogging, swimming, weight-lifting, flying, and mathematics.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal, and the JSC Group Achievement Award (1972).EXPERIENCE: Peterson graduated from West Point in 1955. His assignments included four years as a flight instructor and military training officer with the Air Training Command, three years as a nuclear systems analyst with the Air Force Systems Command, and one year as a fighter pilot with Tactical Air Command, including three months combat weapons training.He is a graduate of the Aerospace Research Pilot School, Edwards Air Force Base, California, and was one of the third group of astronauts assigned to the USAF planned Orbiting Laboratory Program.He has logged over 5,300 hours flying time, including more than 5,000 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Peterson became a NASA astronaut in September 1969. He served on the astronaut support crew for Apollo 16.Peterson retired from the United States Air Force with the rank of colonel after having completed more than 24 years of active service, but continued his assignment as a NASA astronaut in a civilian capacity. His areas of responsibility have included engineering support, man/machine interface, and safety assessment.Peterson was a mission specialist on STS-6, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 4, 1983. He was accompanied by Mr. Paul J . Weitz (spacecraft commander), Col. Karol J . Bobko (pilot), and Dr. F. Story Musgrave (mission specialist). During this maiden voyage of the spacecraft Challenger, the STS-6 crew conducted numerous experiments in materials processing, recorded lightning activities, deployed IUS- TDRS-A, and activated three Getaway Specials. Peterson and Musgrave conducted an extravehicular activity (EVA) to test the new suit and construction and repair devices and procedures. After 120 hours of orbital operations STS-6 landed on the concrete runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 9, 1983.With the completion of this flight, Don Peterson has logged 4 hours 15 minutes in extravehicular activity, and a total of 120 hours in space.MARCH 1984</text>
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<text>NAME: Richard Harrison Truly (Admiral,USN)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 12, 1937, in Fayette, Mississippi. EDUCATION: Received bachelor of aeronautical engineering degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology (1959).MARITAL STATUS: Married.CHILDREN: Three.NASA EXPERIENCE: Was selected for the MOL program in 1965, and transferred to the NASA astronaut group in 1969. He was a member of the astronaut support crew for Skylab 2, 3, and 4; and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; and was assigned to space shuttle development. He was a member of one of the two shuttle approach and landing test crews and was the pilot on the STS-2 flight, and commander for STS-8. Admiral Truly was commander of Naval Space Command before becoming the current Administrator of NASA (1991).</text>
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<text>NAME: Charles J. Precourt (Major, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 29, 1955, in Waltham, Massachusetts, but considers Hudson, Massachusetts, to be his hometown. His parents, Charles and Helen Precourt, reside in Hudson.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Hudson High School, Hudson, Massachusetts, in 1973. Received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the USAF Academy in 1977; a master of science degree in Engineering Management from Golden Gate University in 1988; and a master of arts degree in National Security Affairs and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College in 1990. While at the USAF Academy, Precourt also attended the French Air Force Academy in 1976 as part of an exchange program.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Lynne Denise Mungle of St. Charles, Missouri. CHILDREN: Michelle, April 2,1981; Sarah, October 6,1982; and Aimee, December 28,1985.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys golf and flying light aircraft (Varieze, an experimental aircraft he built himself).ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), the Soaring Society of America, and the Experimental Aircraft Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Twice awarded the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal. Precourt is a distinguished graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy and the U.S. Naval War College. In 1978 he was the Air Training Command Trophy Winner as the outstanding graduate of his pilot training class. In 1989 he received the David B. Barnes Award as the Outstanding Instructor pilot at the USAF Test Pilot School. He has been selected for promotion to Lieutenant Colonel, effective in early 1992.EXPERIENCE: Precourt graduated from Undergraduate Pilot Training at Reese AFB, Texas, in 1978. Initially, he flew as an instructor pilot in the T-37, and later as a maintenance test pilot in the T-37 and T -38 aircraft. From 1982 through 1984, he flew an operational tour in the F-15 Eagle at Bitburg Air Base in Germany. In 1985 he attended the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB in California. Upon graduation, Precourt was assigned as a test pilot at Edwards AFB, where he flew the F-1 5E, F-4, A-7, and A-37 aircraft until mid 1989, when he began studies at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. Upon graduation from the War College, Precourt joined the astronaut program. His flight experience includes over 4,300 hours in more than 35 types of civil and military aircraft. He holds commercial pilot, multi-engine instrument, glider and certified flight instructor ratings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1990, Precourt became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and currently works on ascent, entry, and launch abort issues for the Astronaut Office Operations Development Branch.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Brian Duffy (Lieutenant Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 20, 1953, in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother, Mrs. Anne C. Duffy, resides in Hingham, Massachusetts. His father, Mr. Daniel E. Duffy, is deceased.PHYSlCAL DESCRlPTlON: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Rockland High School, Rockland, Massachusetts, in 1971. Received a bachelor of science degree in Mathematics from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1975; and a master of science degree in Systems Management from the University of Southern California in 1981.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Janet M. Helms of West Lafayette, Indiana. CHILDREN: Shaun Patrick, January 25, 1981; Shannon Marie, November 3, 1982.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys golf, jogging, and racquetball.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the U.S. Air Force Academy Association of Graduates, and Air Force Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Distinguished Graduate of USAF Undergraduate Pilot Training where he was awarded the UPT Flying Training Award. Distinguished Graduate of USAF Test Pilot School Class 82B. Awarded the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, and the Air Force Commendation Medal.EXPERIENCE: Duffy graduated from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1975. He completed Undergraduate Pilot Training at Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi, in 1976, and was selected to fly the F-15. He was stationed at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, until 1979. At the end of 1979, he transferred to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan. He flew F-lS's there until 1982 when he was selected to attend the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. Following graduation, he served as the Director of F- 15 Tests at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida.He has logged over 3,000 hours of flight time in more than 25 different aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1985, Duffy became an astronaut in July 1986, qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. In his initial technical assignment, he participated in the development and testing of computer software to be used on future Shuttle flights. Duffy then served as Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations. Since then, he has developed displays and flight crew procedures used during ascent phase, and served as CAPCOM in Mission Control during a number of Space Shuttle missions.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Duffy will pilot STS-45, an eight day flight which will conduct twelve investigations in atmospheric science, solar physics, space plasma physics, and astronomy. The mission is planned for launch in the Spring of 1992.JUNE 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Brian Todd O'Leary (PhD)BIRHTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 27, 1940, in Boston, Massachusetts. EDUCATION: Received bachelor of arts degree in physics from Williams College (1961); master of arts in astronomy from Georgetown University (1964); and doctorate in astronomy from the University of California at Berkeley (1967).MARITAL STATUS: Divorced.CHILDREN: Two.EXPERIENCE: Was chosen with the sixth group of astronauts in 1967. He resigned from NASA in 1968 for personal reasons and took a position on the Cornell University staff. He was an assistant professor at Hampshire College, and later became a special consultant on nuclear energy matters from the Committee on the Interior, U.S. House of Representatives. He was on the research faculty in the Department of Physics at Princeton University. He is currently (1985) a senior scientist at Science Applications International Corp., and Chairman of the National Space Council under the Aerospace Eudcation Association. He has written THE MAKING OF AN EX-ASTRONAUT, THE FERTILE STARS, and PROJECT SPACE STATION. </text>
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<text>NAME: S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Teacher in Space ParticipantBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Boston, Massachusetts, September 2, 1948. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Corrigan, reside in Framingham, Massachusetts.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 5 inches; weight: 130 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Marian High School, Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1966. Received a bachelor of arts degree, Framingham State College, 1970; and a masters degree in education, Bowie State College, Bowie, Maryland, 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Steven James McAuliffe.CHILDREN: Scott Corrigan, September 11, 1976; and Caroline Corrigan, August 24, 1979.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Jogging, tennis, and volleyball.ORGANIZATIONS: Board member, New Hampshire Council of Social Studies; National Council of Social Studies; Concord Teachers Association; New Hampshire Education Association; and the National Education Association.OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES: Member, Junior Service League; teacher, Christian Doctrine Classes, St. Peters Church; host family, A Better Chance Program (ABC), for innercity students; and fundraiser for Concord Hospital and Concord YMCA.EXPERIENCE:1970-1971 Benjamin Foulois Junior High School, Morningside, Maryland. Teacher. American history, 8th grade.1971-1978 Thomas Johnson Junior High School, Lanham, Maryland. Teacher. English and American history, 8th grade and civics, 9th grade.1978-1979 Bundlett Junior High School, Concord, New Hampshire. Teacher. English, 7th grade and American history, 8th grade.1980-1982 Bow Memorial High School, Concord, New Hampshire. Teacher. English, 9th grade.1982-1985 Concord High School, Concord, New Hampshire. Teacher. Courses in economics, law, American history, and a course she developed entitled "The American Woman," 10th, 11th, and 12th grade.NASA EXPERIENCE: McAuliffe was selected as the primary candidate for the NASA Teacher in Space Project on July 19, 1985. Christa McAuliffe was the Teacher in Space Participant on STS 51-L, which was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The crew on board the Orbiter Challenger included the pilot, Commander M. J. Smith (USN) (pilot), three mission specialist, Dr. R. E. McNair, Lieutenant Colonel E. S. Onizuka (USAF), and Dr. J. A. Resnik, as well as two civilian payload specialist, Mr. G. B. Jarvis and Mrs. S. C. McAuliffe. The STS 51-L crew died on January 28, 1986 after Challenger exploded 1 min. 13 sec. after launch.MARCH 1987</text>
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<text>NAME: Jay Apt (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 28, 1949, in Springfield, Massachusetts, but considers Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Apt, Jr., reside in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 6-1/2 inches; weight: 145 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Shady Side Academy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1967; received a bachelor of arts degree in Physics (magna cum laude) from Harvard College in 1971, and a doctorate in Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1976.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Eleanor B. Emmons. Ms. Emmons-Apt, a psychotherapist, formerly a resident of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the daughter of Judith Reed Emmons and the late A. Bradlee Emmons.CHILDREN: Sarah Bradlee Apt, July 19, 1988.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, scuba diving, camping, photography, model rocketry, and amateur radio.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Astronomical Society (Division of Planetary Science), the American Geophysical Union, the American Physical Society, and Sigma Xi.EXPERIENCE: In1976, Dr. Apt was a post-doctoral fellow in laser spectroscopy at MlT. From1976 to1980 he was a staff member of the Center for Earth and Planetary Physics, Harvard University, supporting NASA's Pioneer Venus Mission by making temperature maps of Venus from Mt. Hopkins Observatory. Results of his research have been published in over 20 papers in professional journals. Dr. Apt served as the Assistant Director of Harvard's Division of Applied Sciences from 1978 to 1980.NASA EXPERIENCE: In 1980 Dr. Apt joined the Earth and Space Sciences Division of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, doing planetary research, studying Venus, Mars, and the outer solar system. In 1981 he became Science Manager of Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Observatory. From 1982 through 1985, he was a flight controller responsible for Shuttle payload operations at NASA's Johnson Space Center.Dr. Apt is an instrument rated commercial pilot, and has logged over 2,400 hours flying time in approximately 25 different types of airplanes, sailplanes, and manpowered aircraft.He was selected as an astronaut by NASA in June 1985. His assignments to date have included Shuttle Orbiter modification support at Kennedy Space Center, developing techniques for servicing the Hubble Space Telescope and the Gamma Ray Observatory, and development of EVA construction and maintenance techniques for Space Station.Apt flew as a mission specialist on the crew of the space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-37 mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 5,1991. During the mission, the crew deployed the Gamma Ray Observatory to study the universe by observing the most energetic form of radiation. Apt and crewmate Jerry Ross performed an unscheduled space walk during which they manually deployed the observatory's large radio antenna after remotely controlled motors had failed to do so. On the next day, they conducted the first scheduled space walk in 5 and1/2 years. They tested concepts for getting around on large space structures and gathered basic engineering data on the forces a crew member can exert on bolts and equipment.The crew also conducted research on biologically important molecules, tested concepts for radiating heat from Space Station, operated an amateur radio station, and took over 4000 photographs of the Earth. After completing 93 orbits of the Earth, the crew landed Atlantis at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 11, 1991 .With the completion of this flight, Dr. Apt has logged a total of 143 hours in space, including 10 hours and 49 minutes on two space walks.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Apt is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-47 Spacelab-J. This seven day, cooperative mission between the United States and Japan will focus on life science and materials processing experiments in space, and is scheduled for launch in August 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text> Story F. Musgrave, MD Boston, MA (8-19-35) BS (Syracuse); MD (Columbia) STS-6, STS 51-F, STS-33 STS-44</text>
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<text> Bruce McCandless, II, Capt., USN Boston, MA (6-8-37) Naval Academy STS 41-B, STS-31</text>
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<text>NAME: Story Musgrave (M.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 19, 1935, in Boston, Massachusetts, but considers Lexington, Kentucky, to be his hometown.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 152 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from St. Mark's School, Southborough, Massachusetts, in 1953. Received a bachelor of science degree in Mathematics and Statistics from Syracuse University in 1958; a master of business administration degree in Operations Analysis and Computer Programming from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1959; a bachelor of arts degree in Chemistry from Marietta College in 1960; a doctorate in Medicine from Columbia University in 1964; a master of science in Physiology and Biophysics from the University of Kentucky in 1966; and a master of arts in Literature from the University of Houston in 1987.MARITAL STATUS: Single.CHILDREN: Lorelei Lisa, March 27, 1961; Bradley Scott, July 3, 1962; Holly Kay, December 13, 1963; Christopher Todd, May 12, 1965; and Lane Linwood, March 25, 1987.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies are chess, flying, gardening, literary criticism, running, microcomputers, parachuting, photography, racquetball, scuba diving, and soaring.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Alpha Kappa Psi, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, BetaGamma Sigma, the Civil Aviation Medical Association, the Flying Physicians Association, the International Academy of Astronautics, the Marine Corps Aviation Association, the National Aeronautic Association, the National Aerospace Education Council, the National Geographic Society, the Navy League, the New York Academy of Sciences, Omicron Delta Kappa, Phi Delta Theta, the Soaring Club of Houston, the Soaring Society of America, and the United States Parachute Association.SPECIAL HONORS: National Defense Service Medal and an Outstanding Unit Citation as a member of the UnitedStates Marine Corps Squadron VMA-212 (1954); United States Air Force Post-doctoral Fellowship (1965-1966); National Heart Institute Post-doctoral Fellowship (1966-1967); Reese Air Force Base Commander's Trophy (1969); American College of Surgeons l.S. Ravdin Lecture (1973); NASA Exceptional Service Medals (1974 and 1986); Flying Physicians Association Airman of the Year Award (1974 and 1983); and NASA Space Flight Medals (1983, 1985 and 1989 ).EXPERIENCE: Dr. Musgrave entered the United States Marine Corps in 1953 and served as an aviation electrician and instrument technician and as an aircraft crew chief while completing duty assignments in Korea, Japan, Hawaii, and aboard the carrier USS WASP in the Far East.He has flown 16,800 hours in 160 different types of civilian and military aircraft, including 7,100 in jet aircraft. He has earned FAA ratings for instructor, instrument instructor, glider instructor, and airline transport pilot, and U.S. Air Force Wings. An accomplished parachutist, he has made more than 460 free falls, including over 100 experimental free-fall descents involved with the study of human aerodynamics.Dr. Musgrave was employed as a mathematician and operations analyst by the Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York, during 1958.He served a surgical internship at the University of Kentucky Medical Center in Lexington from 1964 to 1965, and continued there as a U. S. Air Force post-doctoral fellow (1965-1966), working in aerospace medicine andphysiology, and as a National Heart Institute post-doctoral fellow, (1966-1967) teaching and doing research in cardiovascular and exercise physiology. He has continued clinical and scientific training as a part-time surgeon at the Denver General Hospital and as a part-time professor of physiology and biophysics at the University of Kentucky Medical Center.He has written 25 scientific papers in the areas of aerospace medicine and physiology, temperature regulation, exercise physiology, and clinical surgery.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Musgrave was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He completed astronaut academic training and then worked on the design and development of the Skylab program. He was the backup science-pilot for the first Skylab mission, and was a capsule communicator for the second and third Skylab missions. Dr. Musgrave participated in the design and development of all Space Shuttle extravehicular activity equipment including spacesuits, life support systems, airlocks, and manned maneuvering units. From 1979 to 1982, and 1983 to 1984, he was assigned as a test and verification pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center. Dr. Musgrave has flown on three missions, STS-6, Spacelab-2, and STS-33. More recently, he was a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-31, STS-35, STS-36, STS-38, and STS-41.He flew as a mission specialist on STS-6, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 4, 1983, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 9, 1983. During this maiden voyage of Challenger, the crew performed the first Shuttle deployment of an IUS/TDRS satellite, and Dr. Musgrave and Don Peterson conducted the first Space Shuttle Extravehicular Activity (EVA) to test the new space suits and construction and repair devices and procedures.Dr. Musgrave flew as a mission specialist on Spacelab-2, which launched on Challenger from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on August 6, 1985. This flight was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission, and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments in astronomy, astrophysics, and life sciences. During this mission, Dr. Musgrave served as the systems engineer during launch and entry, and as a pilot during the orbital operations.Most recently, Dr. Musgrave served as a mission specialist on STS-33, which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989, aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission operated payloads for the Department of Defense, and concluded after 79 orbits, on November 27, 1989, with a landing at sunset on Runway 4 at Edwards Air Force Base, California.With the completion of his third mission, Dr. Musgrave has logged over 431 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Musgrave will serve as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-44. This dedicatedDepartment of Defense flight is scheduled for launch in the Summer of 1991 aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis.FEBRUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Bruce McCandless, II (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 8, 1937, in Boston, Massachusetts.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduate of Woodrow Wilson Senior High School, Long Beach, California. Received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1958; a master of science degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1965; and a masters degree in Business Administration from the University of Houston at Clear Lake in 1987.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Bernice Doyle of Rahway, New Jersey. CHILDREN: Bruce III, August 15, 1961; Tracy, July 13, 1963.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies are electronics, photography, scuba diving, and flying. He also enjoys cross country skiing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association (Class of 1958), the U.S. Naval Institute, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Association for Computing Machinery, and the National Audubon Society; fellow of the American Astronautical Society, and former president of the Houston Audubon Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Legion of Merit (1988), the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal (1985); holder of the National Defense Service Medal and the American Expeditionary Service Medal; presented the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1974), the American Astronautical Society Victor A. Prather Award (1975 and 1985), the NASA Space Flight Medal (1984), NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal (1985), the National Aeronautic Association Collier Trophy (1985), and the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum Trophy (1985); and also awarded one patent for the design of a tool tethering system that is currently used during Shuttle spacewalks.EXPERIENCE: McCandless graduated second in a class of 899 from Annapolis and subsequently received flight training from the Naval Aviation Training Command at bases in Pensacola, Florida, and Kingsville, Texas. He was designated a naval aviator in March of 1960 and proceeded to Key West, Florida, for weapons system and carrier landing training in the F-6A Skyray. He was assigned to Fighter Squadron 102 (VF-102) from December 1960 to February 1964, flying the Skyray and the F-4B Phantom 11, and he saw duty aboard the USS FORRESTAL (CVA-59) and the USS ENTERPRISE (CVA(N)-65), including the latter's participation in the Cuban blockade. For three months in early 1964, he was an instrument flight instructor in Attack Squadron 43 (VA-43) at the Naval Air Station, Apollo Soucek Field, Oceana, Virginia, and then reported to the Naval Reserve Officer's Training Corps Unit at Stanford University for graduate studies in electrical engineering.He has gained flying proficiency in the T-33B Shootingstar, T-38A Talon, F-4B Phantom 11, F-6A Skyray, F-11 Tiger, TF-9J Cougar, T-1 Seastar, T-34B Mentor airplane, and the Bell 47G helicopter. He has logged more than 5,200 hours flying time, including 5,000 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: McCandless is one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 14 mission and was backup pilot for the first manned Skylab mission (SL-1/SL-2). He was a coinvestigator on the M-509 astronaut maneuvering unit experiment which was flown in the Skylab Program, and collaborated on the development of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) used during Shuttle EVAs. He has been responsible for crew inputs to the development of hardware and procedures forthe Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), Space Telescope, the Solar Maximum Repair Mission, and the Space Station Program.McCandless was a mission specialist on the tenth Space Shuttle Mission (41-B) which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3, 1984. He was accompanied by Mr. Vance Brand (spacecraft commander), Commander Robert L. Gibson, USN, (pilot), and fellow mission specialists, Dr. Ronald E. McNair, and Lt. Col. Robert L. Stewart, USAF. The flight accomplished the proper shuttle deployment of two Hughes 376-series communications satellites. Rendezvous sensors and computer programs were flight tested for the first time. This mission marked the first checkout of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR). McCandless made the first, untethered, free flight on each of the two MMU's carried on board and alternated with Stewart in the activities constituting two spectacular extravehicular activities (EVAs). The German Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS), Remote Manipulator System (RMS), six Getaway Specials, and materials processing experiments were included on the mission. The eight day orbital flight of Challenger (OV-099) culminated in the first landing on the runway at the Kennedy Space Center on February 11, 1984. With the completion of this flight McCandless logged 191 hours in space, including 4 hours of MMU flight time.More recently, McCandless was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-31, which launched on April 24, 1990, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Crewmembers aboard Space Shuttle Discovery included Col. Loren J. Shriver, USAF, (spacecraft commander), Col. Charles F. Bolden, USMC, (pilot), and Drs. Steven A. Hawley and Kathryn D. Sullivan (mission specialists). During this five day mission, crewmembers deployed the Hubble Space Telescope, and conducted a variety of middeck experiments involving the study of protein crystal growth, polymer membrane processing, and the effects of weightlessness and magnetic fields on an ion arc. They also operated a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for earth observations from their record setting altitude of 380 miles. Following 76 orbits of the earth in 121 hours, STS-31 Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 29, 1990.With the completion of his second mission, McCandless has logged a total of 312 hours in space.MAY 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: Peter J. K. "Jeff" Wisoff (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 16, 1958, in Norfolk, Virginia. His parents, Carl and Pat Wisoff, reside in Norfolk.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; grey eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Norfolk Academy, Norfolk, Virginia, in 1976. Received a bachelor of science degree in Physics (with Highest Distinction) from University of Virginia in 1980; and a master of science degree and a doctorate in Applied Physics from Stanford University in 1982 and 1986, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys scuba diving, racquetball, swimming, and sailing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, the Optical Society of America, and Phi Beta Kappa.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the NCR Faculty Award of Excellence, 1989. Awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship 1980-1983, and a physics prize and Shannon Award from University of Virginia in 1980. Selected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1979.EXPERIENCE: After graduating from the University of Virginia in 1976, Dr. Wisoff began his graduate work on the development of short wavelength lasers at Stanford University as a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow. Upon completing his master's and doctorate degrees at Stanford in 1986, Dr. Wisoff joined the faculty of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Rice University. His research focused on the development of new vacuum ultraviolet and high intensity laser sources. In addition, he also collaborated with researchers from regional Texas Medical Centers on the applications of lasers to the reconstruction of damaged nerves. He is currently collaborating with researchers at Rice University on new techniques for growing and evaluating semiconductor materials using lasers. Dr. Wisoff has contributed numerous papers at technical conferences and in journals in the areas of lasers and laser applications.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Wisoff became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Support Branch of the Astronaut Office.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Kenneth D. Bowersox (Lieutenant Commander, USN)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 14, 1956, in Portsmouth, Virginia, but considers Bedford, Indiana, to be his hometown. His mother, Jean Bowersox, resides in Bedford, Indiana. His father, Ronald G. Bowersox, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 7 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Bedford High School, Bedford, Indiana, in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1978, and a master of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Ann C. Flatley of Pleasanton, California. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys snow skiing, sailing, off-road motorcycling, and bicycling.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Tail Hook Association and the American Motorcycle Association.EXPERIENCE: Bowersox received his commission in the United States Navy in 1978 and was designated a Naval Aviator in 1981. He was then assigned to Attack Squadron 22, aboard the USS ENTERPRISE, where he served as a Fleet A-7E pilot, logging over 300 carrier arrested landings. Following graduation from the United States Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California, in 1985, he moved to the Naval Weapon Center at China Lake, California, where he spent the next year and a half as a test pilot flying A-7E and F/A-18 aircraft until advised of his selection to the astronaut program.He has logged over 2,000 hours flight time.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Bowersox completed a one year training and evaluation program in August 1988 which qualifies him for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Since then he has held a variety of technical assignments including flight software testing in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) and presently serves as Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations testing Shuttle software and avionics.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Bowersox is assigned as the pilot on the crew of STS-50, scheduled for launch aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in the Summer of 1992. STS-50 will be the first flight of the United States Microgravity Laboratory. Over a two week period the STS-50 flight crew will conduct a wide variety of experiments relating to materials processing in a microgravity environment.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Guy S. Gardner (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 6, 1948, in Alta Vista, Virginia, but considers Alexandria, Virginia, to be his hometown. His mother, Mrs. Worthy S. Gardner, resides in Houston, Texas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 190 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from George Washington High School in Alexandria, Virginia in 1965; received a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Sciences, Astronautics, and Mathematics from the United States Air Force Academy in 1969 and a master of science degree in Astronautics from Purdue University in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Linda A. McCabe of Guilderland, New York. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. McCabe, reside in Albany, New York.CHILDREN: Jennifer, October 3, 1973; Sarah, January 30, 1977; and Jason, February 5, 1978.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys his family and church.SPECIAL HONORS: Defense Superior Service Medal, three Air Force Distinguished Flying Crosses,14 Air Medals, Top Graduate in Pilot Training, and Top Graduate from the USAF Test Pilot School.EXPERIENCE: Gardner completed pilot training at Craig Air Force Base, Alabama, and F-4 upgrade training at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida in 1971. In 1972, he flew 177 combat missions in Southeast Asia while stationed at Udorn, Thailand. In 1973-74, he flew F-4's at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina. He attended the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, in 1975, and then served as a test pilot with the 6512th Test Squadron located at Edwards in 1976. In 1977-78 he was an instructor test pilot at the USAF Test Pilot School. In 1979-80, he was operations officer of the 1st Test Squadron at Clark Air Base, Philippines. He has logged over 4,000 hours flying time, including 320 hours in space.NASA EXPERIENCE: Gardner was selected as a pilot astronaut by NASA in May 1980. He has subsequently worked in several areas of Space Shuttle development and support. In 1984, he was assigned as pilot on the first Space Shuttle mission which planned to launch from Vandenberg AFB, California. That mission was later canceled.Gardner first flew in space as pilot on the crew of STS-27, aboard the Orbiter Atlantis, on December 2-6, 1988. The mission carried a Department of Defense payload.Gardner next flew as pilot on the crew of STS-35, aboard the Orbiter Columbia, on December 2-10, 1990. The mission carried the ASTR0-1 astronomy laboratory consisting of three ultraviolet telescopes and one x-ray telescope. These telescopes were operated in the orbiter payload bay to study and collect data on the many celestial objects of the universe.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text> Alan B. Shephard, Jr. Rear Adm., USN (Ret.) East Derry, NH (11-18-23) BS (Naval Academy) Merc. 3, Apollo 14-5th Man on Moon </text>
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<text>NAME: Alan B. Shepard, Jr. (Rear Admiral, USN, Ret.)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 18, 1923, in East Derry, New Hampshire. His mother, Mrs. Alan B. Shepard, resides in East Derry.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in East Derry and Derry, New Hampshire; received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1944, an Honorary Master of Arts degree from Dartmouth College in 1962, and Honorary Doctorate of Science from Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) in 1971, and an Honorary Doctorate of Humanities from Franklin Pierce College in 1972; and graduated from the Naval Test Pilot School in 1951 and the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island in 1957.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Louis Brewer of Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.CHILDREN: Laura Shepard Snyder, July 2, 1947; Julie Coleman, March 16, 1951.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society and the Society of Experimental Test Pilots; member of the Rotary, the Kiwanis, the Mayflower Society, the Order of the Cincinnati, and the American Fighter Aces; honorary member, Board of Directors for the Houston School for Deaf Children; Director, National Space Institute, and Director, Los Angeles Ear Research Institute.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor (Space), two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, the Navy Astronaut Wings, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Navy Distinguished Flying Cross; recipient of the Langley Medal (highest award of the Smithsonian Institution) (May 5, 1964), the Lambert Trophy, the Kinchloe Trophy, the Cabot Award, the Collier Trophy, the City of New York Gold Medal (1971), and the American Astronautical Society's Flight Achievement Award for 1971.EXPERIENCE: Shepard began his naval career, after graduation from Annapolis, on the destroyer COGSWELL, deployed in the Pacific during World War II. He subsequently entered flight training at Corpus Christi, Texas, and Pensacola, Florida, and received his wings in 1947. His next assignment was with Fighter Squadron 42 at Norfolk, Virginia, and Jacksonville, Florida. He served several tours aboard aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean while with this squadron.In 1950, he attended the United States Navy Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland. After graduation, he participated in flight test work which included high altitude tests to obtain data on light at different altitudes and on a variety of air masses over the American continent; and test and development experiments of the Navy's in-flight refueling system, carrier suitability trials of the F2H3 Banshee, and Navy trials of the first angled carrier deck. He was subsequently assigned to Fighter Squadron 193 at Moffett Field, California, a night fighter unit flying Banshee jets. As operations officer of this squadron, he made two tours to the Western Pacific on board the carrier ORISKANY.He returned to Patuxent for a second tour of duty and engaged in flight testing of the F3H Demon, F8U Crusader, F4D Skyray, and FllF Tigercat. He was also project test pilot on the F5D Skylancer, and his last five months at Patuxent were spent as an instructor in the Test Pilot School. He later attended the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island, and upon graduating in 1957 was subsequently assigned to the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet, as aircraft readiness officer.He has logged more than 8,000 hours flying time, including 3,700 hours in jet aircraft.Rear Admiral Shepard was one of the Mercury astronauts named by NASA in April 1959, and he holds the distinction of being the first American to journey into space. On May 5, 1961, in the Freedom 7 spacecraft, he was launched by a Redstone vehicle on a ballistic trajectory suborbital flight, a flight which carried him to an altitude of 116 statute miles and to a landing point 302 statute miles down the Atlantic Missile Range.In 1963, he was designated Chief of the Astronaut Office with responsi-bility for monitoring the coordination, scheduling, and control over all activi-ties involving NASA astronauts. This included monitoring the development and implementation of effective train-ing programs to assure the flight read-iness of available pilot/nonpilot personnel for assignment to crew posi-tions on manned spaceflights; furnish-ing pilot evaluations applicable to thedesign, construction, and operations of spacecraft systems and related equip-ment; and providing qualitative scien-tific and engineering observations to facilitate overall mission planning, formulation of feasible operationalprocedures, and selection and conduct of specific experiments for each flight. He was restored to full flightstatus in May 1969, following correc-tive surgery for an inner ear disorder.Shepard made his second space flight as spacecraft commander on Apollo 14, January 31 - February 9, 1971. He was accompanied on man's third lunar landing mission by Stuart A. Roosa, command module pilot, and Edgar D. Mitchell, lunar module pilot. Maneuver-ing their lunar module, Antares, to a landing in the hilly upland Fra Mauro region of the moon, Shepard and Mitchell subsequently deployed and activated various scientific equipment and experiments and collected almost 100 pounds of lunar samples for return to earth. Other Apollo 14 achievements included: first use of Mobile Equipment Transporter (MET); largest payload placed in lunar orbit; longest distance traversed on the lunar surface; largest payload returned from the lunar surface; longest lunar surface stay time (33 hours); longest lunar surface EVA (9 hours and 17 minutes); first use of shortened lunar orbit rendezvous techniques; first use of colored TV with new vidicon tube on lunar surface; and first extensive orbital science period conducted during CSM solo operations.Shepard has logged a total of 216 hours and 57 minutes in space, of which 9 hours and 17 minutes were spent in lunar surface EVA.He resumed his duties as Chief of the Astronaut Office in June 1971 and served in this capacity until he retired from NASA and the Navy on August 1, 1974. He is currently in private business in Houston, Texas.SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT: Shepard was appointed by the President in July 1971 as a delegate to the 26th United Nations General Assembly and served through the entire assembly which lasted from September to December 1971.</text>
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<text>NAME: Scott CarpenterNASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Boulder, Colorado, on May 1, 1925, the son of Dr. M. Scott Carpenter and Mrs. (Florence Kelso Noxon) Carpenter.EDUCATION: He attended the University of Colorado and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Maria roach, daughter of pioneer film produce, Hal Roach.CHILDREN: Matthew Scott and Nicholas Andre.EXPERIENCE: Carpenter entered the U.S. Navy in 1949 and received flight training at Pensacola, Florida, and Corpus Christi, Texas. During the Korean War, he served in Patrol Squadron SIX, flying antisubmarine, ship surveillance, and aerial mining missions in the Yellow Sea, South China Sea, and the Formosa Straits.He attended the Navy Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, in 1954 and subsequently was assigned to the Electronics Test Division of the Naval Air Test Center. In that assignment he flew tests in a variety of naval aircraft including multi- and single engine jet and propeller driven fighters, attack planes, patrol bombers, transports, and seaplanes.In 1957-1958, he attended the Navy General Line School and the Navy Air Intelligence School and was assigned as Air Intelligence Officer to the Aircraft Carrier U.S.S. HORNET.NASA EXPERIENCE: Carpenter was selected as one of the original seven U.S. Astronauts on April 9, 1959. He underwent intensive training with the NASA, specializing in the fields of communication and navigation. He served as backup pilot for John Glenn during the preparation for America's first manned orbital flight.Carpenter flew the second American manned orbital flight on May 24, 1962. He piloted his Aurora 7 spacecraft through three revolutions of the earth, reaching a maximum altitude of 164 miles. The spacecraft landed in the Atlantic Ocean about 1,000 miles southeast of Cape Kennedy after 4 hours and 54 minutes of flight time.On a leave of absence from NASA, Carpenter participated in the Navy's Man-in-the Sea Program as an Aquanaut in the SEALAB T experiment off the coast of La Jolla, California. During the experiment, conducted during the summer of 1965, Carpenter spent 30 days living and working on the ocean floor. He was team leader for two of the three teams of Navy men and civilians who lived at a depth of 204 feet during the 45-day experiment.Carpenter, a dynamic pioneer of modern exploration, has the unique distinction of being the only human ever to penetrate both outer and inner space, theregy acquiring the dual title, astronaut/aquanaut. He returned to duties with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration until August 10, 1967, when he returned to the Navy's Deep Submergence Systems Project as Assistant for Aquanaut Operations during the SEALAB III experiment. The Deep Submergence Systems Project was responsible for developing deep ocean search, rescue, salvage, ocean engineering and Man-in-the-Sea capabilities, and directed the Navy's Saturation Diving Program.SPECIAL HONORS: The Legion of Merit, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, Astronaut Wings, University of Colorado Recognition Medal, the Collier Trophy, the New York City Gold Medal Honor, the Elisha Kent Kane Medal, the Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo, and the Numismatica Italiana Award.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Since retirement from the Navy in 1969, Carpenter has made his home in Los Angeles, and continues to apply his knowledge of aerospace and ocean engineering technology to the private sector. </text>
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<text>NAME: John M. "Mike" Lounge NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 28,1946, in Denver, Colorado, but considers Burlington, Colorado, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Percy Lounge, reside in Burlington.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Burlington High School, Burlington, Colorado, in 1964; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics and Mathematics from the United States Naval Academy in 1969 and a master of science degree in Astrogeophysics from the University of Colorado in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Kathryn Anne Havens of Port Arthur, Texas; she is a Payload Integration Manager for the National Space Transportation System Program at the Johnson Space Center.CHILDREN: Shannon, June 5, 1971; Kenneth, September 14, 1981; Kathy, March 23, 1984.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys jogging, chess, squash, tennis, flying, golfing, and blue grass guitar.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the Texas Air National Guard.SPECIAL HONORS: Six Navy Air Medals, three Navy Commendation Medals (with Combat "V"), the JSC Superior Achievement Award (for service as a member of the Skylab Reentry Team), a NASA Exceptional Service Medal and two NASA Space Flight Medals.EXPERIENCE: Lounge entered on active duty with the United States Navy following graduation from the U.S. Naval Academy and spent the next nine years in a variety of assignments. He completed Naval flight officer training at Pensacola, Florida, went on to advanced training as a radar intercept officer in the F-4J Phantom, and subsequently reported to Fighter Squadron 142 based at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. While with VF-142, he completed a nine month Southeast Asia cruise aboard the USS ENTERPRISE (participating in 99 combat missions) and a seven month Mediterranean cruise aboard the USS AMERICA. In 1974, he returned to the U.S. Naval Academy as an instructor in the Physics Department. Lounge transferred to the Navy Space Project Office in Washington, D.C., in 1976, for a two year tour as a staff project officer. He resigned his regular United States Navy commission in 1978 and affiliated with the Naval Air Reserve, flying F-4Ns with Reserve Fighter Squadron 201 at the Naval Air Station Dallas, Texas. He currently holds the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Texas Air National Guard, and is assigned to the Headquarters, Texas Air National Guard.NASA EXPERIENCE: Mr. Lounge has been employed at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center since July1978. During this time, he worked as lead engineer for Space Shuttle launched satellites, and also served as a member of the Skylab Reentry Flight Control Team. He completed these assignments while with the Payloads Operations Division.Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1980, he completed a one year training and evaluation period, and became an astronaut in August 1981. He served as a member of the launch support team at Kennedy Space Center for the STS-1, STS-2, and STS-3 missions.Mr. Lounge was a mission specialist on STS 51-1, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 27, 1985. During that mission his duties included deployment of the Australian AUSSAT communications satellite and operation of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The crew deployed two other communications satellites, the Navy's SYNCOM IV-4, and American Satellite Company's ASC-1, and also performed a successful on-orbit rendezvous and repair of the ailing 15,400 pound SYNCOM IV-3 satellite. STS 51-1 completed 112 orbits of the Earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 3, 1985.Following his flight on STS 51-1, he was assigned to the first mission to carry the Centaur (cryogenically fueled) upper stage (STS 61-F). After that mission was canceled, he participated in Space Station design development.Mr. Lounge next flew as a mission specialist on STS-26, the first flight to be flown after the Challenger accident. The Orbiter Discovery was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 29, 1988. During the four day mission, the crew successfully deployed the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C), which was subsequently carried to orbit by the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) rocket. They also operated eleven middeck experiments. Discovery completed 64 orbits of the earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 3, 1988. Mission duration was 97 hours.Mr. Lounge's third flight into space occurred in December 1990 on STS-35. He served as flight engineer and Space Shuttle operator for that nine day flight of Columbia which was dedicated to astronomy. Very exciting observations of the Universe were collected by the ASTR0-1 ultraviolet telescope and by the Broad Band X-Ray Telescope. With the completion of this flight, Mr. Lounge has logged over 482 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Mr. Lounge is assigned as Chief of the Space Station Support Office which deals with Space Station design and operation.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: John Leonard "Jack" Swigert, Jr.BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Denver, Colorado, August 30, 1931. Son of Mrs. J. Leonard Swigert, who resides in Denver, and the late Dr. J. Leonard Swigert.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair, blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11-1/2 inches; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Regis and East High Schools in Denver; received bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Colorado, 1953; master of science in Aerospace Science from Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, 1965; master of business Administration from the University of Hartford, 1967; and was presented Honorary Doctorate of Science by American International College, 1970, Honorary Doctorate of Laws by Western State College, 1970; Honorary Doctorate of Science by Western Michigan University, 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: An avid sports enthusiast who enjoys golf, handball, bowling, skiing, swimming and basketball. His hobbies include photography.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society; Associate Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and member of the Quiet Birdmen, Phi Gamma Delta, Pi Tau Sigma and Sigma Tau.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the Presidential Medal for Freedom, 1970, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal; corecipient of the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award for 1970, the AIAA Octave Chanute Award for 1966 (for his participation in demonstrating the Rogallo Wing as a feasible land landing system for returning space vehicles and astronauts); and recipient of University of Colorado Distinguished Alumnus Award, 1970; City of New York Gold Medal, 1970; City of Houston Medal for Valor, 1970; City of Chicago Gold Medal, 1970; Antonian Gold Medal, 1972; and the Sons of the American Revolution Gold Citizenship Medal, 1979.EXPERIENCE: Swigert served with the Air Force from 1953 to 1956, including a tour of duty as a fighter pilot in Japan and Korea. He also served as a jet fighter pilot with the Massachusetts Air National Guard (1957 to 1960) and the Connecticut Air National Guard (1960 to 1965). He has logged over 8,000 hours of flight time, of which more than 6,430 hours are in jet aircraft. Swigert was one of 19 Astronauts selected by NASA in 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 7 and Apollo 11 missions. He was next assigned to the Apollo 13 backup crew and subsequently replaced prime crewman, Thomas K. Mattingly as Command Module Pilot 24 hours prior to flight, following Mattingly's exposure to German measles. Apollo 13, April 11-17, 1970, was programmed for a ten day flight as America's third lunar landing. However, at 55 hours into the flight and 200,000 miles from Earth, an explosion in the Service Module oxygen system required modification of the flight plan and the emergency conversion of the Lunar Module into a lifeboat for survival and safety in space and the return to earth. In completing his first space flight, Swigert logged a total of 142 hours and 54 minutes.From April 1973, to September 1977, Swigert served as Executive Director of the Committee on Science and Technology in the U.S. House of Representatives in Washington, D.C. In that capacity, he was responsible for assuring the accomplishment of the legislative and oversight functions of the staff of the Committee, the jurisdiction of which included all Federal research and development in the areas of energy, environment, space, science, and civil aviation. His responsibilities included personnel acquisition, planning, organizing, budgeting, directing and controlling the staff of the Committee (some 80 people).In 1978, Swigert ran for the United States Senate from Colorado and was unsuccessful in his first attempt at elective office.In 1979, Swigert joined the BDM Corporation, a broad-based professional services company as Vice President for Technology Development and directed the Company's Denver operations. He was responsible for the formulation of programs with emphasis on energy, space, environment and transportation.In 1981, Swigert left BDM to join International Gold and Minerals Limited as Vice President for Financial and Corporate AffairsIn February 1982, Swigert left International Gold and Minerals Limited to initiate his compaign for the U.S. Congress.On November 2, 1982, Swigert won the new seat for Colorado's Sixth Congressional District receiving 64% of the popular vote.Swigert died of complications from cancer in Washington December 27, 1982, a week before he would have taken the congressional seat he won in the November 2 election.JANUARY 1983</text>
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<text>NAME: Stuart Allen Roosa (Colonel, USAF, Retired)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 15, 1933, Durango, Colorado.EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Colorado (1960).MARITAL STATUS: Married.CHILDREN: Four. NASA EXPERIENCE: Was chosen with the fifth group of astronauts in 1966. He was the command module pilot of Apollo 14, and backup command module pilot for Apollo 16 and Apollo 17. Colonel Roosa resigned from NASA on February 1, 1976 to become Vice-President for International Affairs, U.S. Industries Middle East Development Company, based in Athens, Greece. In 1977 he returned to the United States to become President of Jet Industries in Austin, Texas. He was later in private business in Austin.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Currently (1985) President, Gulf Coast Coors, Inc.</text>
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<text>NAME: Vance DeVoe Brand NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Longmont, Colorado, May 9, 1931. His mother, Mrs. Donna M. Brand, resides in Longmont.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; gray eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 182 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Longmont High School, Longmont, Colorado; received a bachelor of science degree in Business from the University of Colorado in 1953, a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Colorado in 1960, and a master's degree in Business Administration from the UCLA in 1964.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Beverly Ann Whitnel.CHILDREN: Susan N., April 30, 1954; Stephanie, August 6, 1955; Patrick R., March 22, 1958; Kevin S., December 1, 1963; Erik R., May 11, 1981; and Dane V., October 1, 1985.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys running to stay in condition, hiking, skiing, and camping.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and American Astronautical Society. Registered Professional Engineer in Texas. Member, Sigma Nu and Beta Gamma Sigma.SPECIAL HONORS: JSC Certificate of Commendation (1970); two NASA Exceptional Service Medals (1974, 1988); the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1975); Zeta Beta Tau's Richard Gottheil Medal (1975); the Wright Brothers International Manned Space Flight Award (1975); the Veterans of Foreign Wars National Space Award (1976, 1984); the Sigma Nu Distinguished Alumnus of the Year Award (1976); the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) Yuri Gagarin Gold Medal (1976); University of Colorado Alumnus of the Century (1 of 12) (1976); the AIAA Special Presidential Citation (1977); the American Astronautical Society's Flight Achievement Award for 1976 (1977); the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award (1978); the JSC Special Achievement Award (1978); Harmon Trophy (Astronaut) (1983); the FAI De La Vaulx Medal (1983); two NASA Space Flight Medals (1983, 1984);Distinguished Visiting Lecturer at University of Colorado (1984); De Molay Hall of Fame (1989); and University of Colorado George Norlin Award (1991).EXPERIENCE: Military. Commissioned officer and naval aviator with the U.S. Marine Corps from 1953 to 1957. Military assignments included a 15-month tour in Japan as a jet fighter pilot. Following release from active duty, Brand continued in Marine Corps Reserve and Air National Guard jet fighter squadrons until 1964.Civilian. Employed as a civilian by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation from 1960 to 1966, he worked initially as a flight test engineer on the Navy's P3A aircraft. In 1963, Brand graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was assigned to Palmdale, California as an experimental test pilot on Canadian and German F-104 programs. Prior to selection to the astronaut program, Brand worked at the West German F-104G Flight Test Center at Istres, France, as an experimental test pilot and leader of a Lockheed flight test advisory group.Flight Experience: 9,473 flying hours, which includes 7,893 hours in jets, 391 hours in helicopters, 746 hours in spacecraft, and checkout in more than 30 types of military aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: One of the 19 pilot astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966, Brand's early experience included being a crewmember in the thermal vacuum chamber testing of the prototype command module and support crewman on Apollo 8 and 13. He was backup command module pilot for Apollo 15 and backup commander for Skylabs 3 and 4. Later he flew on four space missions: Apollo-Soyuz, STS-5, STS 41-B, and STS-35.Apollo-Sovuz: Brand was launched on his first space flight on July 15, 1975, as Apollo command module pilot on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission. This flight resulted in the historic meeting in space between American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts. Other crewmen on this nine day Earth-orbital mission were Thomas Stafford, Apollo commander; Donald Slayton, Apollo docking module pilot; cosmonaut Alexey Leonov, Soyuz commander; and cosmonaut Valeriy Kubasov, Soyuz flight engineer. The Soyuz spacecraft was launched at Baikonur in Central Asia, and the Apollo was launched 7-1/2 hours later at the Kennedy Space Center. Two days later the Apollo spacecraft accomplished a successful rendezvous and docking with Soyuz. The linkup tested a unique, new docking system and demonstrated international cooperation in space. There were 44 hours of docked joint activities which included 4 crew transfers between the Apollo and the Soyuz. Twenty-eight experiments were performed during the flight. All major objectives were accomplished, and experience was gained in the conduct of complex, international manned missions. Six records for docked and group flight were set on the mission and are recognized by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI). Apollo splashed down in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii, on July 25, less than a mile from the targeted splash point, and was promptly recovered by the USS NEW ORLEANS. Mission duration was 217 hours.STS-5: Brand was commander of STS-5, the first fully operational flight of the Shuttle Transportation System, which launched Columbia on November 11, 1982. His crew comprised Colonel Robert Overmyer, pilot, and two mission specialists, Dr. Joseph Allen and Dr. William Lenoir. STS-5, the first mission with a four man crew, demonstrated the Shuttle as operational by the successful first deployment of two commercial communications satellites from the Orbiter's payload bay. The mission marked the Shuttle's first use of an upper stage rocket, the Payload Assist Module (PAM-D). The satellites were deployed for Satellite Business Systems Corporation of McLean, Virginia, and TELESAT of Ottawa, Canada. Two FAI records for mass to altitude were set on the mission. Numerous flight tests were performed to ascertain Shuttle performance. STS-5 was the last flight to carry the Development Flight Instrumentation package to support extensive flight testing. A Getaway Special, three student projects and medical experiments were included on the mission. The STS-5 crew concluded the five day orbital flight of Columbia with the landing approach through a cloud deck to Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, California on November 16,1982. Mission duration was 122 hours.STS 41-B: Brand commanded Challenger with a crew of five on the tenth flight of the Space Shuttle. The launch was on February 3, 1984. His crew included Commander Robert Gibson, pilot, and 3 mission specialists, Captain Bruce McCandless II, Dr. Ronald McNair, and Lt. Col. Robert Stewart. The flight accomplished the proper shuttle deployment of two Hughes 376 communications satellites which failed to reach desired geosynchronous orbits due to upper stage rocket failures. This mission marked the first flight checkout of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) and the Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR) with McCandless and Stewart performing two spectacular extravehicular activities (EVAs). Shuttle rendezvous sensors and computer programs were flight tested for the first time. In addition the German Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS), Remote Manipulator System (RMS), 6 Getaway Specials, and materials processing experiments were included on the mission. The eight day flight of Challenger ended with the first landing to the runway at the Kennedy Space Center on February 11, 1984. Mission duration was 191 hours.STS-35: Brand again commanded Columbia on the thirty-eighth flight of the Shuttle, this time with a crew of seven. The spectacular night launch on December 2, 1990 started a nine day mission devoted to round-the-clock observations of stars and other celestial objects. Crewmen included the pilot, Col. Guy Gardner; three mission specialists, Mike Lounge, Dr. Robert Parker and Dr. Jeffrey Hoffman; and two payload specialists, Dr. Samuel Durrance and Dr. Ronald Parise. The 13-ton payload consisted of the three ASTR0-1 Ultraviolet (UV) Telescopes and the Broad Band X-ray Telescope. More than 200 Orbiter maneuvers were required to point the telescopes. Other activities included Orbiter engineering flight tests, medical experiments, the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment, and downlinked educational TV programs. This Shuttle flight, the first dedicated to astronomy, provided a rich return of science data to better understand the nature of the universe with emphasis on observation of very active celestial objects. A night landing was made on December 10 on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base. Mission duration was 215 hours.With the completion of this, his fourth flight, Brand has logged 746 hours in space and has commanded three Shuttle missions.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Gerald P. Carr (Colonel, USMC, Retired)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Denver, Colorado, on August 22, 1932, but raised in Santa Ana, California, which he considers his hometown. His mother, Mrs. Freda L. Carr, resides in Balboa Island, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Santa Ana High School, Santa Ana, California; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Southern California in 1954 and in Aeronautical Engineering from the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1961, and a Master of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Princeton University in 1962; also presented an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Parks College of Saint Louis University, Cahokia, Illinois, in 1976.MARITAL STATUS: Divorced. Remarried in 1979 to Dr. Patricia L. Musick.CHILDREN: Jennifer Anne, July 31, 1955; Jamee Adele and Jeffrey Ernest, July 3, 1958; John Christian, April 4, 1962; Jessica Louise and Joshua Lee, March 12, 1964.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys sailing, playing racquetball, bird hunting, and fishing. His hobbies include woodworking and restoration of an old automobile.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society; a Director of the Sunsat Energy Council; a Director of the Houston POPS Orchestra; a Director of the Space Foundation; the Marine Corps Association and the Marine Corps Aviation Association; Society of Experimental Test Pilots; Society of American Military Engineers; Texas Society of Professional Engineers; National Society of Professional Engineers; Executive Board, Sam Houston Council Boy Scouts of America; Governmental Affairs Committee, Houston Chamber of Commerce; National Space Institute; University of Southern California Alumni Association, and Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the National Defense Service Medal; Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal; Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal, and a letter of Commendation from the Commander of Carrier Division II; received the NASA Group Achievement Award, 1971; NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 1974; Navy Distinguished Service Medal and the Navy Astronaut Wings, 1974; City of Chicago Gold Medal, 1974; University of Southern California Alumni Merit Award, 1974; Boy Scouts of America Distinguished Eagle Scout Award, 1974; Robert J. Collier Trophy for 1973, in 1974; City of New York Gold Medal, 1974; Marine Corps Aviation Association's Exceptional Achievement Award, 1974; Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, 1975; also recipient of the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's Gold Space Medal; De La Vaulx Medal, and V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1974; AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1974; and the American Astronautical Society's 1975 Flight Achievement Award.EXPERIENCE: When informed by NASA of his selection for astronaut training, he was assigned to the test directors section of Marine Air Control Squadron Three, a unit responsible for the testing and evaluation of the Marine Tactical Data System.Carr began his military career in 1949 with the Navy, and in 1950 he was appointed a midshipman (NROTC) and enrolled in the University of Southern California. Upon graduation in 1954, he received his commission and subsequently reported to the U. S. Marine Corps Officers' Basic School at Quantico, Virginia. He received flight training at Pensacola, Florida, and Kingsville, Texas, and was then assigned to Marine All-Weather-Fighter-Squadron 114 where he gained experience in the F-9 and the F-6A Skyray. After postgraduate training, he served with Marine All-Weather-Fighter-Squadron l22, from 1962 to 1965, piloting the F-8 Crusader in the United States and the Far East. Other aircraft he has flown include the F-4, T-l, T-28, T-33, T-38, H-13, and ground effect machines.He has logged more than 6,100 flying hours, 5,365 hours of which are jet time.Colonel Carr was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crews and as CAPCOM for the Apollo 8 and l2 flights, and was involved in the development and testing of the lunar roving vehicle which was used on the lunar surface by Apollo flight crews.Carr was commander of Skylab 4 (third and final manned visit to the Skylab Orbital Workshop), launched November 16, 1973, and concluded February 8, 1974. This was the longest manned flight (84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes) in the history of manned space exploration to date. He was accompanied on the record-setting 34.5 million mile flight by Dr. Edward G. Gibson (science pilot) and William R. Pogue (pilot). The crew successfully completed 56 experiments, 26 science demonstrations, 15 subsystem detailed objectives, and 13 student investigations during their 1,214 revolutions of the earth. They also acquired extensive earth resources observations data using hand-held cameras and Skylab's Earth Resources Experiment Package camera and sensor array. They logged 338 hours of operation of the Apollo Telescope Mount which made extensive observations of the sun's solar processes.From February 1974 until March 1978, Colonel Carr and his Skylab 4 teammates shared the world record for individual time in space (2,017 hours 15 minute 32 seconds). Carr logged 15 hours and 48 minutes in three EVAs outside the Orbital Workshop.In mid-1974 Carr was named head of the design support group within the astronaut office responsible for providing crew support to such activities as space transportation system design, simulations, testing, and safety assessment, and for development of man/machine interface requirements.Carr retired from the United States Marine Corps in September of 1975 and from NASA in June of 1977. He is a Senior Consultant on Special Staff to the President of Applied Research, Inc., headquartered in Los Angeles, California, with offices in Santa Clara, California, and Houston, Texas.</text>
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<text>NAME: Steven A. Hawley (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born December 12, 1951, in Ottawa, Kansas, but considers Salina, Kansas, to be his hometown. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Bernard Hawley, reside in Rancho Mirage, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair;blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Salina (Central) High School, Salina, Kansas, in 1969; received bachelor of arts degrees in Physics and Astronomy(graduating with highest distinction) from the University of Kansas in 1973 and a doctor of philosophy in Astronomy and Astrophysics from the University of California in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Eileen M. Keegan of Redondo Beach, California. RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys basketball, softball, tennis, running, playing bridge, and reading.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Astronomical Society, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Sigma Pi Sigma, Phi Beta Kappa, and the University of Kansas Alumni Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Evans Foundation Scholarship, 1970; University of Kansas Honor Scholarship, 1970; Summerfield Scholarship, 1970-1973; Veta B. Lear Award, 1970; Stranathan Award, 1972; Outstanding Physics Major Award, 1973; University of California Regents Fellowship, 1974; Group Achievement Award for software testing at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory, 1981; NASA Outstanding Performance Award, 1981; NASA Superior Performance Award, 1981; Group Achievement Award for Second Orbiter Test and Checkout at Kennedy Space Center, 1982; Quality Increase, 1982; NASA Space Flight Medals, 1984 and 1986; Group Achievement Award for JSC Strategic Planning, 1987; NASA Exceptional Service Medal, 1988; Special Achievement Award, 1988; Exceptional Service Medal for Return to Flight, 1988.EXPERIENCE: Hawley attended the University of Kansas, majoring in physics and astronomy. He spent three summers employed as a research assistant: 1972 at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., and 1973 and 1974 at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia. He attended graduate school at Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz. His research involved spectrophotometry of gaseous nebulae and emission-line galaxies, with particular emphasis on chemical abundance determinations for these objects. The results of his research have been published in major astronomical journals.Prior to his selection by NASA in 1978, Hawley was a post-doctoral research associate at Cerro Tololo InterAmerican Observatory in La Serena, Chile.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Hawley was selected as an astronaut by NASA in January 1978. Prior to STS-1, he served as a simulator pilot for software checkout at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). For STS-2, STS-3, and STS-4, he was a member of the astronaut support crew at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, for Orbiter test and checkout, and also served as prime close-out crewman for STS-3 and STS-4. During 1984 and 1985 he was Technical Assistant to the Director, Flight Crew Operations Directorate. A three flight veteran, Hawley served as a mission specialist on STS-41D August 5 - September 5, 1984, on STS-61C, January 12-18, 1986, and, more recently, on STS-31, Apri1 24-29, 1990.His first mission, STS-41 D, launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1984. Crewmembers included spacecraft commander Hank Hartsfield, pilot Mike Coats, fellow mission specialists, Judy Resnik and Mike Mullane, and payload specialist Charlie Walken. This was the maiden flight of the orbiter Discovery. During this seven day mission the crew successfully activated the OAST-1 solar cell wing experiment, deployed the SBS-D, SYNCOM IV-2, and TELSTAR 3-C satellites, operated the CFES-III experiment, the student crystal growth experiment, as well as photography experiments using the IMAX motion picture camera. STS-41D completed 96 orbits of the earth in 144 hours and 57 minutes, before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1984.He next served on STS-61C, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 12, 1986. Crewmembers included spacecraft commander Robert "Hoot" Gibson, pilot Charles Bolden, fellow mission specialists, Franklin Chang-Diaz and George "Pinky" Nelson, and two payload specialists, Robert Cenker of RCA and Congressman Bill Nelson. During the six day flight of Columbia the crew deployed the SATCOM KU satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. STS-61C made a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 18, 1986, logging Hawley an additional 146 hours and 3 minutes in space.More recently, Hawley served on the crew of STS-31, which launched on April 24, 1990, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Crewmembers aboard Space Shuttle Discovery included Loren Shriver (spacecraft commander), Charlie Bolden (pilot), and Bruce McCandless and Kathy Sullivan (mission specialists). During this 5 day mission, crewmembers deployed the Hubble Space Telescope, and conducted a variety of middeck experiments involving the study of protein crystal growth, polymer membrane processing, and the effects of weightlessness and magnetic fields on an ion arc. They also operated a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for earth observations from their record setting altitude of 380 miles. Following 76 orbits of the earth in 121 hours, STS-31 Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 29, 1990.With the completion of his third mission, Dr. Hawley has logged a total of 412 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Hawley is Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office.MAY 1990</text>
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<text> Ronald E. Evans, Capt., USN St. Francis, KS (11-10-35) BS (Univ. of KS); MS (Naval Acad.) Apollo 17 CM Pilot Died of Heart Attack 1990</text>
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<text> Joe H. Engle, Brig. Gen., (Nat. Guard) Dickinson County, KS (8-26-32) BS (Univ. of Kansas) ALT 2 & 4, STS-2, STS 51-I</text>
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<text>NAME: Joe Henry Engle (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 26, 1932, Dickinson County, Kansas, but considers Chapman, Kansas, to be his hometown.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; hazel eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Chapman, Kansas, and is a graduate of Dickinson County High School; received a bachelor of science degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Kansas in 1955.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Mary Catherine Lawrence of Mission Hills, Kansas.CHILDREN: Laurie J., April 25, 1959; and Jon L., May 9, 1962.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies include flying (including World War II fighter aircraft), big game hunting, backpacking, and athletics.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP).SPECIAL HONORS: For flight testing of the NASA-USAF X-15 research rocket airplane, he received the:USAF Astronaut Wings (1964)USAF Distinguished Flying Cross (1964)AFA Outstanding Young USAF Officer of 1964U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce - Ten Outstanding Young Men in America (1964)AIAA Lawrence Sperry Award for Flight Research (1966)AIAA Pioneer of Flight Award (1965)For flight testing of the Space Shuttle Enterprise during the Approach and Landing Test program in 1977, he received the:USAF Distinguished Flying Cross (1978)SETP Iven C. Kincheloe Award for Flight Test (1977)NASA Exceptional Service MedalNASA Special Achievement Award AFA David C. Schilling Award for Flight AIAA Haley Space Flight Award for 1980 AAS Flight Achievement Award Soaring Society of America - Certificate of AchievementFor the orbital test flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-2 in November 1981, he received the:Department of Defense Distinguished Service MedalNASA Distinguished Service Medal Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy Thomas D. White Space Trophy Robert J. Collier Trophy Clifford B. Harmon International Trophy Kansan of the Year, 1981 Distinguished Service Award, University of Kansas 1982 Distinguished Engineering Service Award, University of Kansas 1982 DAR Medal of Honor, 1981EXPERIENCE: Engle was a test pilot in the X-15 research program at Edwards Air Force Base, California, from June 1963 until his assignment to the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Three of his 16 flights in the X-15 exceeded an altitude of 50 miles (the altitude that qualifies a pilot for astronaut rating). Prior to that time, he was a test pilot in the Fighter Test Group at Edwards.He received his commission in the Air Force through the AFROTC Program at the University of Kansas and entered flying school in 1957. He served with the 474th Fighter Day Squadron and the 309th Tactical Fighter Squadron at George Air Force Base, California. He is a graduate of the USAF Experimental Test Pilot School and the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School.He has flown over 140 different types of aircraft during his career (25 different fighters), logging more than 11,600 hours flight time, 8,060 in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Engle is one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He was backup lunar module pilot for the Apollo 14 mission.He was commander of one of the two crews that flew the Space Shuttle approach and landing test flights from June through October 1977. The Space Shuttle Enterprise was carried to 25,000 feet on top of the Boeing 747 carrier aircraft, and then released for its two minute glide flight to landing. In this series of flight tests, he evaluated the Orbiter handling qualities and landing characteristics, and obtained the stability and control, and performance data in the subsonic flight envelope for the Space Shuttle. Engle and Richard Truly flew the first flight of the Space Shuttle in the orbital configuration.Engle was the backup commander for STS-1, the first Shuttle orbital test flight of the Shuttle Columbia.Engle was commander of the second orbital test flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November, 12, 1981. His pilot for this flight, STS-2, was Richard H. Truly. Despite a mission shortened from 5 days to 2 days because of a failed fuel cell, the crew accomplished more than 90% of the objectives set for STS-2 before returning to a landing on the dry lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, November 14, 1981. Major test objectives included the first tests in space of the 5O-foot remote manipulator arm. Also, twenty-nine flight test maneuvers were performed during the entry profile at speeds from Mach 24 (18,500 mph) to subsonic. These maneuvers were designed to extract aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic data during hypersonic entry into the Earth's atmosphere.Engle served as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight at NASA Headquarters from March 1982 to December 1982. He retained his flight astronaut status and returned to the Johnson Space Center in January 1983.On his next mission, Engle was commander of STS 51-I, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 27, 1985. His crew was Richard 0. Covey (pilot), and three mission specialists, William F. Fisher, John M. Lounge, and James D. van Hoften. The mission was acknowledged as the most successful Space Shuttle mission yet flown. The crew deployed three communications satellites, the Navy SYNCOM IV-4, the Australian AUSSAT, and American Satellite Company's ASC-1. The crew also peformed the successful on-orbit rendezvous and repair of the ailing 15,000 lb SYNCOM IV-3 satellite. This repair activity saw the first manual grapple and manual deployment of a satellite by a crewmember. STS 51-I completed 112 orbits of the Earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 3, 1985. With the completion of this flight, Engle has logged over 224 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Engle is presently assigned technical duties within the Astronaut Office and is a candidate for future space flight.OCTOBER 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: Ronald E. Evans (Captain, USN, Retired)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 10, 1933, in St. Francis, Kansas. His father, Mr. Clarence E. Evans, and his mother, Mrs. Marie A. Evans, reside in Iola, Kansas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; Weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Highland Park High School in Topeka, Kansas; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Kansas in 1956 and a Master of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1964 .MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jan Pollom of Topeka, Kansas. CHILDREN: Jaime D., August 21, 1959; Jon P., October 9, 1961.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies include hunting, boating, swimming, fishing, and golfing.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1973); the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award (1970); the Navy Distinguished Service Medal (1973); Navy Astronaut Wings; eight Air Medals; the Vietnam Service Medal; and the Navy Commendation Medal with combat distinguishing device (1966); the University of Kansas Distinguished Service Citation (1973); and Kansan of the Year (1972) .EXPERIENCE: When notified of his selection to the astronaut program, Evans was on sea duty in the Pacific,assigned to VF-51 and flying F8 aircraft from the carrier USS TICONDEROGA during a period of seven months in Vietnam combat operations.He was a combat flight instructor (F8 aircraft) with VF124 from January 1961 to June 1962 and, prior to this assignment, participated in two WESTPAC aircraft carrier cruises while a pilot with VF-142. In June 1957, he completed flight training after receiving his commission as an Ensign through the Navy ROTC Program at the University of Kansas.Total flight time accrued during his career is 5,500 hours, 5,000 hours of which is in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Captain Evans was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 7 and 11 flights and as a backup command module pilot for Apollo.On his first journey into space, Captain Evans occupied the command module pilot seat for Apollo 17, the last scheduled manned mission to the moon for the United States, which commenced at 11:33 p.m. (CST) December 6, 1972, and concluded on December 19, 1972. He was accompanied on this voyage of the command module America and the lunar module Challenger by Eugene Cernan (spacecraft commander) and Harrison H. (Jack) Schmitt (lunar module pilot). While Cernan and Schmitt completed their explorations of the Taurus-Littrow landing area down on the lunar surface, Evans maintained a solo vigil in lunar orbit aboard the American, completing assigned work tasks which required visual geological observations, hand-held photography of specific targets, and the control of cameras and other highly sophisticated scientific equipment carried in the command module SIM-bay. Evans later completed a one hour and six minute extravehicular activity during the trans-earth coast of the return flight, successfully retrieving three camera cassettes and completing a personal inspection of the equipment bay area. This last mission to the moon for the United States broke several set by previous flights which include: longestmanned lunar landing flight (301 hours, 51 minutes); longest lunar surface extravehicular activities (22 hours and 4 minutes); largest lunar sample return (an estimated 115 kg (249 lbs)); and longest time in lunar orbit (147 hours, 48 minutes). Apollo 17 ended with a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean approximately 0.4 mile from the target point and 4.3 miles from the prime recovery ship, the USS TICONDEROGA.Completing his first space flight, Captain Evans logged 301 hours and 51 minutes in space, l hour and 6 minutes of which were spent in extravehicular activity. He holds the record of more time in lunar orbit than anyone else in the world.Evans was backup command module pilot for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission. This joint United States - Soviet Union earth-orbital mission, launched successfully in July 1975, was designed to test equipment and techniques that would establish an international crew rescue capability in space, as well as permit future cooperative scientific missions.Evans retired from the United States Navy on April 30, 1976, with 21 years of service, and remained active as a NASA astronaut involved in the development of NASA's Space Shuttle Program until March 1977.CURRENT ASSIGMMENT: Evans now resides with his family in Scottsdale, Arizona, and is Director, Space Systems Marketing for Sperry Flight Systems in Phoenix, Arizona.</text>
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<text>NAME: Sidney M. Gutierrez (Lt. Col., USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 27, 1951, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. His father, Mr. Robert A. Gutierrez, resides in Albuquerque, New Mexico. His mother, Mrs. Sarah E. Gutierrez, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 10-1/2 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Valley High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1973, and a master of arts degree in Management from Webster College in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Marianne Sue Cremer of Jefferson City, Missouri. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lee G. Cremer, reside in Brackettville, Texas.CHILDREN: Jennifer Anne, August 30, 1980; David McNeill, March 31, 1984; Katherine Elizabeth, January 29, 1988.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys camping, woodworking, and racquetball.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Air Force Association, the U.S. Air Force Academy Association of Graduates, and the Mexican-American Engineering Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Distinguished Graduate of the USAF Academy; awarded the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster, two Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards, National Defense Service Medal, and Air Training Command Master Instructor.EXPERIENCE: Gutierrez was a member of the National Collegiate Championship Air Force Academy Parachute Team with over 550 jumps, and a Master Parachutist rating. After graduation from the Academy, he completed undergraduate pilot training at Laughlin Air Force Base in Del Rio, Texas. He remained there as a T-38 Instructor Pilot from 1975 through 1977. In 1978 Gutierrez was assigned to the 7th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Hollomon Air Force Base, Alamagordo, New Mexico, where he flew the F-15 Eagle. He attended the USAF Test Pilot SChool in 1981 and was assigned to the F-16 Falcon Combined Test Force after graduation. While there, Gutierrez served as primary test pilot for airframe and propulsion testing on the F-16 aircraft. Test projects included the F-100 Digital Electronic Engine Control, F-16C and D Model Structural and Performance Testing, F-16 Maximum Performance Braking Tests, and F-16 Mobile Arrestment Qualification.He has logged approximately 4,000 hours flying time in approximately 30 different types of airplanes, sailplanes, balloons, and rockets.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Gutierrez became an Astronaut in June 1985. In his first technical assignment, he served as Commander for the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) flying simulated missions to verify Shuttle flight software. Following the Shuttle Challenger accident, he served as an Action Officer for the Associate Administrator for Space Flight at NASA Headquarters. His duties included coordinating requests from the Presidential Commission and the U.S. Congress during the investigation. In 1986 and 1987, he participated in the recertification of the Space Shuttle Main Engines, Main Propulsion System, and External Tank. In 1988 he became the Astronaut Office lead for Shuttle software development, verification, and future requirements definition. In 1990 he supported launches of STS-28, 30, 32, 33 and 34 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.Most recently, he served as pilot on the crew of STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1), a dedicated space and life sciences mission which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 5, 1991. SLS-1 was a nine day mission during which crew members performed experiments that explored how humans, animals and cells respond to microgravity and readapt to earth's gravity on return. Other payloads included experiments designed to investigate materials science, plant biology and cosmic radiation. Following 146 orbits of the earth, Columbia and her crew landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 14, 1991. With the completion of this flight, Gutierrez has logged over 218 hours in space.JULY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Harrison H. Schmitt (Ph.D.)BIRTHPLACE AMD DATE: Born July 3, 1935, in Santa Rita, New Mexico. His mother, Mrs. Harrison A. Schmitt, resides Silver City, New Mexico.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Western High School, Silver City, New Mexico; received a bachelor of science degree in science from the California Institute of Technology in 1957; studied at the University of Oslo in Norway during 1957 and 1958; and received a doctorate in geology from Harvard University in 1964.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies include skiing, fishing, carpentry, hiking, handball, squash, and running.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Geological Society of America, the American Geophysical Union, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sigma Xi, the Geological Association of Canada, and Navy League.SPECIAL HONORS: Winner of a Fulbright Fellowship (1957-58); a Kennecott Fellowship in Geology (1958-59); a Harvard Fellowship (1959-60); a Harvard Traveling Fellowship (1960); a Parker Traveling Fellowship (1961-62); a National Science Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellowship, Department of Geological Sciences, Harvard University (1963-64); awarded the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award (1970) and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1973); presented the City of New York Gold Medal (1973), the Nassau County New York Distinguished Service Medal (1973), the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, Petroleum Engineer's Ceremonial Medallion and Certificate of Honorary Membership (1973); Honorary Fellow of the Geological Society of America (1973); the Arthur S. Fleming Award in 1973; an honorary doctorate of engineering from the Colorado School of Mines in 1973; Philadelphia's Academy of Natural Sciences' Richard Hopper Day Medal (1973); the Republic of Senegal's National Order of the Lion (1973); Honorary Life Membership in the New Mexico Geological Society (1973); Honorary Member of the Norwegian Geographical Society (1973); and an honorary doctorate of geology from Franklin and Marshall College in 1977.EXPERIENCE: Schmitt was a teaching fellow at Harvard in 1961 where he assisted in teaching a course in ore deposits. Prior to his teaching assignment, he did geological work for the Norwegian Geological Survey on the west coast of Norway, and for the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico and Montana. He also worked for two summers as a geologist in southeastern Alaska.Before joining NASA, he was with the U.S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Center at Flagstaff, Arizona. He was project chief for lunar field geological methods and participated in photo and telescopic mapping of the moon, and was among USGS astrogeologists instructing NASA astronauts during their geological field trips.He has logged more than 2,100 hours flying time, including 1,600 hours in jet aircraft.Dr. Schmitt was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in June 1965. He later completed a 53-week course in flight training at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona. In addition to training for future manned space flights, he was instrumental in providing Apollo flight crews with detailed instruction in lunar navigation, geology, and feature recognition. Schmitt also assisted in the integration of scientific activities into the Apollo lunar missions and participated in research activities requiring geologic, petrographic, and stratigraphic analyses of samples returned from the moon by Apollo missions.He was backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 15.On his first journey into space, Dr. Schmitt occupied the lunar module pilot seat for Apollo 17, the last scheduled manned Apollo mission to the moon for the United States, which commenced at 11:33 p.m. (CST), December 6, 1972, and concluded on December 19, 1972. He was accompanied on the voyage of the command module America and the lunar module Challenger by Eugene Cernan (spacecraft commander) and Ronald Evans (command module pilot). In maneuvering Challenger to a landing at Taurus-Littrow, which is located on the southeast edge of Mare Serenitatis, Schmitt and Cernan activated a base of operations facilitating their completion of three Mountains. This last Apollo mission to the moon for the United States broke several records set by previous flights and include: longest manned lunar landing flight (301 hours, 51 minutes); longest lunar surface extravehicular activities (22 hours, 4 minutes); largest lunar sample return (an estimated 115 Kg (249 lbs); and longest time in lunar orbit (147 hours, 48 minutes). Apollo 17 ended with a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean approximately 0.4 mile from the target point and 4.3 miles from the prime recovery ship, USS TIOONDEROGA.Dr. Schmitt logged 301 hours and 51 minutes in space, of which 22 hours and 4 minutes were spent in extravehicular activity on the lunar surface.In July of 1973, Dr. Schmitt was appointed as one of the first Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholars at the California Institute of Technology. His appointment was extended to run through July 1975. This appointment ran concurrently with his other activities in NASA.In February 1974, Schmitt assumed additional duties as Chief of Scientist-Astronauts.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Schmitt was appointed NASA Assistant Administrator for Energy Programs in May 1974. This office has the responsibility for coordinating NASA support to other Federal Agencies conducting energy research and development and for managing NASA programs applying aeronautics and space technology to the generation, transmission, storage, conservation, utilization and management of energy for terrestrial applications.In August of 1975, Dr. Schmitt resigned his post with NASA to run for the United States Senate in his home state of New Mexico. He was elected on November 2, 1976, with 57% of the votes cast.In January 1977, Schmitt began a six-year term as one of New Mexico's Senators in Washington, D.C. His major committee assignments are on the Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee; the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee and the Select Committee on Ethics. He is the ranking Republican member of the Ethics Committee; of the Science, Technology and Space Subcommittee of Commerce; and the Consumer Subcommittee of Banking.MAY 1978</text>
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<text>NAME: Kathryn C. Thornton (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 17, 1952, in Montgomery, Alabama. Her parents, Mr. William C. Cordell and Mrs. Elsie Cordell, are deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 4 inches; weight: 115 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Sidney Lanier High School, Montgomery, Alabama, in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from Auburn University in 1974, a master of science degree in Physics from the University of Virginia in 1977, and a doctorate of philosophy in Physics from the University of Virginia in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Stephen T. Thornton, Ph.D., of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. CHILDREN: Stepsons: Kenneth,September 26, 1963; Michael,September 10, 1965; Daughters: Carol Elizabeth, March 16, 1982; Laura Lee, December 2, 1985; Susan Annette, November 20, 1990.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys scuba diving and skiing.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the American Physical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Sigma Xi, Phi Kappa Phi, and Sigma Pi Sigma.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thornton graduated from Auburn University with a B.S. in physics in 1974. While in graduate school at the University of Virginia, she participated in nuclear physics research programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Space Radiation Effects Laboratory. She earned her Ph.D. at the University of Virginia in 1979. She was awarded a NATO Postdoctoral Fellowship to continue her research at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, West Germany. In 1980, she returned to Charlottesville, Virginia, where she was employed as a physicist at the U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Dr. Thornton became an astronaut in July 1985. Her technical assignments have included support of future payloads in the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch, and flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). She also served as a team member of the Vehicle Integration Test Team (VITT) at KSC. Dr. Thornton has supported numerous Space Shuttle flights as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) at JSC.Dr. Thornton was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-33, which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989, aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79 orbits of the earth, this five day mission concluded on November 27, 1989, with a hard surface landing on Runway 4 at Edwards Air Force Base, California.With the completion of her first mission, Dr. Thornton has logged 120 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Thornton is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-49. During this eight day mission, crew members will attach a new booster and redeploy the Intelsat satellite, and will also perform three EVAs (spacewalks) as part of an extensive test of EVA techniques to be employed during Space Station assembly. STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992 aboard the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.JUNE 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Mae C. Jemison (M.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 17, 1956, in Decatur, Alabama, but considers Chicago, Illinois, to be her hometown. Her parents, Charlie and Dorothy Jemison, reside in Chicago.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 140 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Morgan Park High School, Chicago, Illinois, in 1973; received a bachelor of science degree in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University in 1977 (also fulfilled the requirements for a B.A. in African and Afro-American Studies), and a doctorate in Medicine degree from Cornell University in 1981.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys traveling, graphic arts, photography, sewing, skiing, collecting African Art, languages (Russian, Swahili, Japanese), weight training, has an extensive dance and exercise background and is an avid reader.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, American Medical Association and American Chemical Society; Honorary Member,Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority; Member, Association for the Advancement of Science; Board Member, World Sickle Cell Foundation; Honorary Board Member, Center for the Prevention of Childhood Malnutrition.SPECIAL HONORS: National Achievement Scholarship (1973-1977); Stanford representative to Carifesta '76 in Jamaica; 1979 CIBA Award for Student Involvement; American Medical Student Association (AMSA) study group to Cuba; grant from International Travelers Institute for health studies in rural Kenya (1979); organized New York city-wide health and law fair for National Student Medical Association (1979); worked in refugee camp in Thailand (1980). Recipient of Essence Award (1988),and Gamma Sigma Gamma Woman of the Year (1989).EXPERIENCE: Dr. Jemison has a background in both engineering and medical research. She has worked in the areas of computer programming, printed wiring board materials, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, computer magnetic disc production, and evaluation of trophic factors for rat epididymides.Dr. Jemison completed her internship at Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center in July 1982 and worked as a General Practitioner with INA/Ross Loos Medical Group in Los Angeles until December 1982.From January 1983 thru June 1985, Dr. Jemison was the Area Peace Corps Medical Officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa. Her task of managing the health care delivery system for U.S. Peace Corps and U.S. Embassy personnel included provision of medical care, supervision of the pharmacy and laboratory, medical administrative issues, and supervision of medical staff. She developed curriculum for and taught volunteer personal health training, wrote manuals for self care, developed and implemented guidelines for public health/safety issues for volunteer job placement and training sites. Dr. Jemison developed and participated in research projects on Hepatitis B vaccine, schistosomaisis and rabies in conjunction with the National Institute of Health and the Center for Disease Control.On return to the United States, Dr. Jemison joined CIGNA Health Plans of California in October 1985 and was working as a General Practitioner and attending graduate engineering classes in Los Angeles when selected to the astronaut program.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Dr. Jemison completed a one year training and evaluation program in August 1988 which qualified her for assignment as a mission specialist on Space Shuttle flight crews. Her technical assignments have included astronaut office representative to theKennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, which involved participation in the processing of the Space Shuttle for launch, especially its payloads and thermal protection system (tiles), and launch countdown; and work in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) performing verification of Shuttle computer software.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Jemison is assigned as a mission specialist on STS-47, Spacelab-J. This cooperative mission between the United States and Japan, to conduct experiments in life sciences and materials processing, is scheduled for launch in August 1992.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Clifton C. Williams, Jr. (Major, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 26, 1932, in Mobile, Alabama. His parents Mr. and Mrs. Clifton C. Williams, reside in Mobile.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 178 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated form Murphy High School, Mobile, Alabama; received a bachlor degree in mechanical engineering from Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jane E. Lansche of New Bern North Carolina. Her mother, Mrs. Jane Lansche, resides in New Bern.CHILDREN: Two children.OTHER ACTIVITIES: Hobbies include hunting, golf, and water sports.ORGANIZATION: An associate member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and member of Pi Tau Sigma (national mechanical honorary) and Tau Beta Pi (national engineering society).EXPERIENCE: Williams, a Marine Corps Major, is a graduate of the Navy Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland.He was a test pilot for 3 years in the Carriers Suitability Branch of the Flight Test Division at Patuxent River. His work there included land based and shipboard tests of the F8E, TF8A, F8E (attack), and A4E and automatic carrier landing system.Of the 2,600 hours flying time accumulated, he has more than 2,200 hours in jet aircraft.Major Williams was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963. He served as backup pilot for the Gemini 10 Mission.Major Williams died in a plane crash, on October 5, 1967.OCTOBER 1967</text>
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<text>NAME: Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr. NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Birmingham, Alabama, on November 2 1, 1933. His mother, Mrs. Norma Hartsfield, resides in Birmingham, Alabama.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Silver hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from West End High School, Birmingham, Alabama; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics at Auburn University in 1954; performed graduate work in Physics at Duke University and in Astronautics at the Air Force Institute of Technology; and was awarded a master of science degree in Engineering Science from the University of Tennessee in 1971.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Judy Frances Massey of Princeton, North Carolina. Her mother, Mrs. Marguerite Hales, resides in Goldsboro, North Carolina.CHILDREN: Judy Lynn, May 29, 1958; Keely Warren, May 14, 1959.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal; the General Thomas D. White Space Trophy for 1973 (1974). Inducted into Alabama Aviation Hall of Fame (1983). Distinguished Civilian Service Award (DOD) (1982). NASA Distinguished Service Medals (1982,1988). NASA Space Flight Medals (1982,1984,1985). NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1988). Honorary Doctor of Science degree from Auburn University (1986).EXPERIENCE: Hartsfield received his commission through the Reserve Officer Training Program (ROTC) at Auburn University. He entered the Air Force in 1955, and his assignments have included a tour with the 53rd Tactical Fighter Squadron in Bitburg, Germany. He is also a graduate of the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and was an instructor there prior to his assignment in 1966 to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) Program as an astronaut. After cancellation of the MOL Program in June 1969, he was reassigned to NASA.He has logged over 7,300 hours flying time, of which over 6,150 hours are in the following jet aircraft: F-86, F-100, F-104, F-105, F-106, T-33, and T-38.NASA EXPERIENCE: Hartsfield became a NASA astronaut in September 1969. He was a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 16 and served as a member of the astronaut support crew for the Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions.Hartsfield retired in August 1977 from the United States Air Force with more than 22 years of active service but continues his assignment as a NASA astronaut in a civilian capacity. He was a member of the orbital flight test missions group of the astronaut office and was responsible for supporting the development of the Space Shuttle entry flight control system and its associated interfaces.Hartsfield served as backup pilot for STS-2 and STS-3, Columbia's second and third orbital flight tests. A three flight veteran, Hartsfield served as pilot on STS-4 in 1982, and was spacecraft commander on STS-41D in 1984, and STS-61A in 1985.Hartsfield was pilot for STS-4, the fourth and final orbital test flight of the Shuttle Columbia, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 27 June 1982. He accompanied Thomas K. Mattingly (spacecraft commander) on this seven day mission designed to further verify ascent and entry phases of shuttle missions; perform continued studies of the effects of long-term thermal extremes on the Orbiter subsystems; and conduct a survey of Orbiter-induced contamination on the orbiter payload bay. Additionally, the crew operated several scientific experiments located in the Orbiter's cabin as well as in the payload bay. These experiments included the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES), designed to investigate the separation of biological materials in a fluid according to their surface electrical charge. The crew is also credited with effecting an in-flight repair which enabled them to activate the first operational "Getaway Special," comprised of nine experiments that ranged from algae and duckweed growth in space to fruit fly and brine shrimp genetic studies. STS-4 completed 112 orbits of the earth before landing on a concrete runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on July 4th.Hartsfield was next spacecraft commander of STS-41D, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1984. The crew included Mike Coats (pilot), three mission specialists, Judy Resnik, Steve Hawley, and Mike Mullane (mission specialists), and Charlie Walker (payload specialist). This was the maiden flight of the orbiter Discovery. During this six day mission, the crew successfully activated the OAST1 solar cell wing experiment; deployed three satellites, SBS-D, SYNCOM IV-2, and TELSTAR 3-C; and operated the CFES-III experiment, the student crystal growth experiment, and photography experiments using the IMAX motion picture camera. The crew earned the name "Icebusters" when Hartsfield successfully removed a hazardous ice buildup from the Orbiter using the Remote Manipulator System. STS-41D completed 96 orbits of the earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1984.On his third flight, Hartsfield was spacecraft commander of STS-61A, the West German D-1 Spacelab mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 30, 1985. His crew included Steve Nagel (pilot), Jim Buchli, Guy Bluford, and Bonnie Dunbar (mission specialists), and Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid, and Wubbo Ockels (payload specialists). This seven day mission was the first with eight crewmembers, and the first Spacelab science mission planned and controlled by a foreign customer. More than 75 scientific experiments were completed in the areas of physiological sciences, materials processing, biology, and navigation. After completing 111 orbits of the earth, STS-61A landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 6, 1985.With the completion of this flight, Hartsfield has logged 483 hours in space.More recently, Hartsfield served as Deputy Director for Flight Crew Operations, supervising the activities of the Astronaut Office and the Aircraft Operations Division at the Johnson Space Center.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Hartsfield is currently on temporary duty in the Office of Space Flight, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. He serves as Director of the Technical Integration and Analysis Division, and reports directly to the Associate Administrator for Space Flight. 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<text>NAME: James S. Voss (Lieutenant Colonel, USA) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 3, 1949, in Cordova, Alabama, but considers Opelika, Alabama, to be his hometown.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Opelika High School, Opelika, Alabama; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from Auburn University in 1972, and a master of science degree in Aerospace Engineering Sciences from the University of Colorado in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Suzan Curry of Birmingham, Alabama. Her mother, Elizabeth Jacks, resides in Birmingham.CHILDREN: Daughter, Kristie, November 12, 1979.RECREATIONALINTERESTS: Enjoys flying, woodworking, skiing, softball, racquetball, scubadiving, and homebuilding airplanes. As an undergraduate, he participated on the Auburn University Wrestling Team.SPECIAL HONORS: Received the Outstanding Student Award, USN Test Pilot School (1983); the William P.Clements, Jr. Award for Excellence in Education as the outstanding Professor at the U.S. Military Academy (1982); Meritorious Service Medal (1982); awarded a NASA Summer Faculty Research Fellowship (1980); Commandant's List - Infantry Officer Advanced Course (1979); Army Commendation Medal (1978); Honor Graduate and Leadership Award - Ranger School (1975); Distinguished Graduate - Infantry Officer Basic Course (1974).EXPERIENCE: Upon graduation from Auburn and commissioning as a 2nd Lieutenant, Voss went directly to theUniversity of Colorado to obtain his masters degree under the Army Graduate Fellowship Program. After attending the Infantry Basic Course, Airborne and Ranger schools, he served with the 2nd Battalion 48th Infantry in Germany as a platoon leader, intelligence staff officer, and company commander. On returning to the United States, he attended the Infantry Officer Advanced Course, then taught for three years in the Department of Mechanics at the U.S. MiIitary Academy. After attending the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and the Armed Forces Staff College, Voss was assigned to the U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity as a Flight Test Engineer/Research and Development Coordinator. He was involved in four major flight test projects before being detailed to NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.NASA EXPERIENCE: Voss has been working at the Johnson Space Center since November1984. In his capacity as a Vehicle Integration Test Engineer, he supported Shuttle and payload testing at the Kennedy Space Center for STS 51-D, 51-F, 61-C and 51-L. He participated in the STS 51-L accident investigation, and supported the resulting reviews dedicated to returning the Space Shuttle safely to flight. Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Voss completed a one year training and evaluation program in August 1988, which qualified him for assignment as a mission specialist on Space Shuttle flights. From May 1988 until July 1989 he worked as a flight crew representative in the area of Shuttle safety, and, more recently, as a CAPCOM, providing a communications interface between ground controllers and flight crews during simulations and Shuttle flights.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: LTC Voss will serve as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-44. This dedicated Department of Defense flight is scheduled to launch late in1991 aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. He is also assigned to the crew of STS-53 scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: John Sumter Bull (Lieutenant Commander, USN, Retired)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: September 25, 1934, in Memphis, Tennessee, where his mother, Mrs. Charles M. Bull, resides.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Memphis, Tennessee, and graduated in 1952 from Central High School; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Rice University in 1957; Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Stanford, 1971; and a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from Stanford University, 1973.MARITAL STATUS: Married June 2, l964, to the former Nancy Laraine Gustafson of Seattle, Washington, whose parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence C. Gustafson, reside in Seattle.CHILDREN: Scott A., December 30, 1968; Whitney A., August 1, 1971.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys swimming and golf.ORGANIZATIONS:Member Society Experimental Test PilotsMember, Sigma Tau Engineering FraternityMember, Tau Beta Pi Engineering FraternityMember, Sigma XiAmerican Helicopter SocietyAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsEXPERIENCE: Bull was assigned as a project test pilot in the Carrier Suitability Branch at the Naval Air Test Center at Patuxent River, Maryland, March 1964 to April 1966.He entered on active duty with the Navy in June 1957, and received his flight training at Kingsville, Texas.From March 1959 to November l96O, he flew F-3 Demons while assigned to VF-121 and VF-92. He was subsequently assigned to VF-114 at the Naval Air Station in Mirimar, California, flying the F-3 Demon and F-4 Phantom II. He also served three tours on WESTPAC cruises aboard the carriers VSS RANGER, USS HANCOCK, and USS KITTYHAWK.He graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in February 1964, and was named "outstanding student" of his class.He has logged more than 2,100 hours flying time, including 1,800 hours in jet aircraft.Resigned from astronaut duty in 1968 due to pulmonary disease.Bull is currently a member of the Guidance and Navigation Branch at the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.</text>
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<text>NAME: Tamara E Jernigan (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 7,1959, in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Her father, Mr. Terry L. Jernigan, resides in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Her mother, Mrs. Mary P. Jernigan, resides in Santa Fe Springs, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 6 inches; weight: 125 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Santa Fe High School, Santa Fe Springs, California, in 1977; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics (with honors), and a master of science degree in Engineering Science, from Stanford University in 1981 and 1983, a master of science degree in Astronomy from the University of California-Berkeley in 1985, and a doctorate in Space Physics and Astronomy from Rice University in 1988.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys volleyball, racquetball, tennis, softball, and flying. As an undergraduate, she competed in intercollegiate athletics on Stanford's varsity volleyball team.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Astronomical Association, the American Physical Society, and the United States Volleyball Association.EXPERIENCE: After graduating from Stanford University, Jernigan worked in the Theoretical Studies Branch at NASA Ames Research Center from June 1981 until July 1985. Her research interests have included the study of bipolar outflows in regions of star formation, gamma ray bursters, and shock wave phenomena in the interstellar medium.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1985, Dr. Jernigan became an astronaut in July 1986. Her technical assignments have included software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), and operations coordination on secondary payloads. In addition, she worked in Mission Control as a CAPCOM for STS-30, STS-28, STS-34, STS-33, and STS-32.More recently, Dr. Jernigan was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-l), a dedicated space and life sciences mission, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 5, 1991. SLS-1 was a nine day mission during which crew members performed experiments which explored how humans, animals and cells respond to microgravity and readapt to earth's gravity on return. Other payloads included experiments designed to investigate materials science, plant biology and cosmic radiation. Following 146 orbits of the earth, Columbia and her crew landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 14, 1991. Completion of this flight logged her an additional 218 hours in space.CURRENTASSIGNMENT: Dr. Jernigan is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-52. This nine day mission is scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992 aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. The mission will deploy the Laser Geodynamic Satellite (LAGEOS) which will be used to measure movements of the earth's crust.AUGUST 1991 </text>
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<text>NAME: Michael A. Baker (Commander, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 27, 1953, in Memphis, Tennessee, but considers Lemoore, California, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Clyde E. Baker, reside in Lemoore, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Lemoore Union High School, Lemoore, California, in 1971; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1975.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Deidra A. Mudurian of San Francisco, California. Her mother, Mrs. Patricia TeStruth, resides in San Jose, California. Her father, Mr. Myron Mudurian, resides in Akron, Ohio.CHILDREN: Lesley Anne, November 5, 1979; Jane Ashley, June 5, 1982.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys tennis, swimming, hiking, and sailing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Association of Naval Aviation, the Tailhook Association, Association of Space Explorers, Sierra Club, and Veterans of Foreign Wars.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Unit Commendation, three Meritorious Unit Commendations, Battle "E" Award, three Navy Expeditionary Medals, National Defense Medal, two Sea Service Awards, and the Overseas Service Award.EXPERIENCE: After graduation from the University of Texas, Baker completed flight training and earned his Wings of Gold at NAS Chase Field, Beeville, Texas, in 1977. In 1978 he was assigned to Attack Squadron 56, embarked in the USS MIDWAY, homeported in Yokosuka, Japan, where he flew the A-7E Corsair 11. In late 1980 he was assigned to Carrier Air Wing 30 as the air wing landing signal officer. He attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1981 and, after graduation, was assigned to the Carrier Suitability Branch of the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate. While there, Baker conducted carrier suitability structural tests, aircraft carrier catapult and arresting gear certification tests, and automatic carrier landing system certification and verification tests on the various aircraft carriers of the Navy's Fleet in the A-7 aircraft. In 1983 he returned to the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School as an instructor. He was then assigned as the U.S. Navy Exchange Instructor at the Empire Test Pilots School in Boscombe Down, England, teaching performance, flying qualities, and systems flight test techniques.He has logged over 3,600 hours flying time in approximately 50 different types of airplanes, including tactical jets, VSTOL, multi-engine transport and rotary wing aircraft, and has over 300 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Baker was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June1985. In July 1986 he completed a one year training and evaluation program, and is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews.Following the Challenger accident, from January 1986 to December 1987, Baker was assigned as a member of the team that was pursuing redesign, modification, and improvements to the Shuttle Landing and Deceleration Systems, including nosewheel steering, brakes, tires, and drag chute, in an effort to provide greater safety margins during landing and rollout. He was then assigned to the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), where he was involved in the checkout and verification of the computer software and hardware interfaces for STS-26 (the "return to flight" mission) and subsequent flights. Baker served as an Ascent, Entry and Orbit Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-27, STS-29, STS-30, STS-28, STS-34, STS-33, STS-32, STS-36, STS-31, STS-38, and ST5-35. In this capacity, his duties included communication with the Shuttle crew during simulations and actual missions, as well as working procedural problems and modifications between missions.Recently, Baker was the pilot on the crew of STS-43 on board the Orbiter Atlantis. The nine day mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 2, 1991. During the flight crew members deployed the fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-E), in addition to conducting 32 physical, material, and life science experiments, mostly relating to the Extended Duration Orbiter and Space Station Freedom. After 142 orbits of the earth, the mission concluded with a landing on Runway 15 at the Kennedy Space Center on August 11, 1991.With the completion of his first space mission, Baker has logged over 213 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Baker is assigned as the pilot on the crew of STS-52. This nine day mission is scheduled for launch in the Fall of 1992 aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. The mission will deploy the Laser Geodynamic Satellite (LAGEOS) which will be used to measure movements of the earth's crust.SEPTEMBER 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Margaret Rhea Seddon (M.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 8, 1947, in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Her father, Mr. Edward C. Seddon, resides in Murfreesboro; her mother, Mrs. Clayton Dann Seddon, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 3 inches; weight: 120 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Central High School in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in 1965; received a bachelor of arts degree in Physiology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1970, and a doctorate of Medicine from the University of Tennessee College of Medicine in 1973. MARITAL STATUS: Married to Astronaut Robert L. Gibson of Cooperstown, New York. CHILDREN: Paul Seddon Gibson, July 26, 1982; Edward Dann Gibson, March 27, 1989.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the 99's (International Women Pilots Association), the American College of Emergency Physicians, the American Medical Women's Association, and the Association of Space Explorers.EXPERIENCE: After medical school, Dr. Seddon completed a surgical internship and three years of a general surgery residency in Memphis with a particular interest in surgical nutrition. Between the period of her internship and residency, she served as an emergency room physician at a number of emergency rooms in Mississippi and Tennessee hospitals and now serves in this capacity in the Houston area in her spare time. Dr. Seddon has also performed clinical research into the effects of radiation therapy on nutrition in cancer patients.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, Dr. Seddon became an astronaut in August 1979. Her work at NASA has been in a variety of areas, including Orbiter and payload software, Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory, Flight Data File, Shuttle medical kit and checklist, launch and landing rescue helicopter physician, support crew member for STS-6, crew equipment, membership on NASA's Aerospace Medical Advisory Committee, and Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations. A two flight veteran with over 386 hours in space, Dr. Seddon served as a mission specialist on STS 51-D in 1985 and on STS-40 in 1991.Dr. Seddon made her first space flight aboard STS 51-D, the fourth flight of Discovery and the sixteenth Shuttle mission. Launch was from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 12, 1985. The crew deployed ANIK-C for Telesat of Canada, and Syncom IV-3 for the U.S. Navy. A malfunction in the Syncom spacecraft resulted in the first unscheduled EVA, rendezvous and proximity operations for the Space Shuttle in an attempt to activate the satellite using the Remote Manipulator System. Additionally, the STS-51D crew conducted several medical experiments, activated two Getaway Specials, and filmed experiments with toys in space. After 168 hours of orbital operations, and 109 orbits of the earth, Discovery landed on Runway 33 at the Kennedy Space Center on April 19, 1985.More recently, Dr. Seddon served on the crew of STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1), a dedicated space and life sciences mission, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 5, 1991. SLS-1 was a nine day mission during which crew members performed experiments which explored how humans, animals and cells respond to microgravity and readapt to earth's gravity on return. Other payloads included experiments designed to investigate materials science, plant biology and cosmic radiation, and tests of hardware proposed for the Space Station Freedom Health Maintenance Facility. Following 146 orbits of the earth, Columbia and her crew landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 14, 1991. Completion of this flight logged her an additional 218 hours in space.June 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: William Reid Pogue (Colonel, USAF, Retired)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 23, 1930, in Okemah, Oklahoma, and is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Alex W. Pogue who live in Sand Springs, Oklahoma.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Oklahoma; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Education from Oklahoma Baptist University in 1951 and a Master of Science degree in Mathematics from Oklahoma State University in 1960; awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science degree from Oklahoma Baptist University in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jean A. Baird of Fayetteville, Arkansas.CHILDREN: William R., September 5, 1953; Layna S., June 9, 1955; Thomas R., September l2, 1957.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys running, playing paddle ball and handball, and his hobbies are gardening and the study of Biblical history.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Air Force Association, Explorers Club, and American Astronautical Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1974) and JSC Superior Achievement Award (1970); winner of the Air Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, and an Outstanding Unit Citation (while a member of the USAF Thunderbirds); the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal and Command Pilot Astronaut Wings (1974); presented the City of Chicago Gold Medal (1974); the Robert J. Collier Trophy for 1973 (1974); the City of New York Gold Medal (1974); the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy for 1975 (1975); the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's De La Vaulx Medal and V.M. Komarov Diploma for 1974 (1975); the General Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy for 1974 (1975); Fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences of Oklahoma State University (1975); AIAA Haley Astronautics Award for 1974 (1975); and the American Astronautical Society's 1975 Flight Achievement Award (1976). Inductee 5 Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame (1975).EXPERIENCE: Pogue, a retired Air Force Colonel, came to the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center from an assignment at Edwards Air Force Base, California, where he had been an instructor at the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School since October 1965.He enlisted in the Air Force in 1951 and received his commission in 1952. While serving with the Fifth Air Force during the Korean conflict, from 1953 to 1954, he completed a combat tour in fighter bombers. From 1955 to 1957, he was a member of the USAF Thunderbirds.He has gained proficiency in more than 50 types and models of American and British aircraft and is qualified as a civilian flight instructor. Pogue served in the mathematics department as an assistant professor at the USAF Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado, from 1960 to 1963. In September 1965, he completed a two-year tour as test pilot with the British Ministry of Aviation under the USAF/RAF Exchange Program, after graduating from the Empire Test Pilots' School in Farnborough, England.He has logged 7,200 hours flight time, including 4,200 hours in jet aircraft and 2,017 hours in space flight.NASA EXPERIENCE: Colonel Pogue is one of the 19 Astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 7, 11, and 14 missions.Pogue was pilot of Skylab 4 (third and final manned visit to the Skylab orbital workshop), launched November 16, 1973, and concluded February 8, 1974. This was the longest manned flight (84 days, 1 hour and 15 minutes) in the history of manned space exploration to date. Pogue was accompanied on the record setting 34.5 million mile flight by Gerald P. Carr (commander) and Dr. Edward G. Gibson (science-pilot). They success-fully completed 56 experiments, 26 science demonstrations, 15 subsystemdetailed objectives, and 13 student investigations during their 1,214 revolutions of the earth. They also acquired extensive earth resources observations data using Skylab's earth resources experiment package camera and sensor array, and logged 338 hours of operations of the Apollo Telescope Mount which made extensive observations of the sun's solar processes. He also logged 13 hours and 31 minutes in two EVA's outside the orbital workshop.Pogue retired from the United States Air Force on September 1, 1975, and he is now retired from NASA.CURRENT EMPLOYMENT: Self-employed as a consultant to aerospace and energy firms.</text>
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<text>NAME: Thomas P. Stafford (Lieutenant General, USAF, Retired)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 17, 1930, in Weatherford, Oklahoma. His mother, Mrs. Mary Ellen Stafford, is a resident of Weatherford.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair, blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Weatherford High School, Weatherford, Oklahoma; received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1952. In addition, General Stafford is the recipient of several honorary degrees. These include a doctorate of science from Oklahoma City University; a doctorate of laws, Western State University, Los Angeles, California; doctorate of communications, Emerson College, Boston, Massachuaetts; a doctorate of aeronautical engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida; and a doctorate of humanities, Oklahoma Christian College, Edmond, Oklahoma.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Faye L. Shoemaker of Weatherford, Oklahoma. They have two daughters, Dionne Kay and Garin Elaine.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies include hunting, soaring, weight lifting, and swimming.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and a member of the Explorers Club.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, two NASA Exceptional Service Medals, the JSC Certificate of Commendation (1970), the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with 3 Oak Leaf Clusters, the Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings, and the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross. Other awards presented to General Stafford include the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Chanute Flight Award, the Veterans of Foreign Wars National Space Award, National Geographic Society's General Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy, and the Federation Aeronautique Internationale Gold Space Medal. In 1966, he was corecipient of the AIAA Award. He was honored with the Harmon International Aviation Trophy in 1966 and again in 1976. In 1969 he received the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Special Trustees Award and in 1978 the Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce Kitty Hawk Sands of Time Award; received the Society of Experimental Test Pilots James H. Doolittle Award for Management, September 1979; October 1979, received the NASA Medal for outstanding leadership, one of the Agency's highest awards.EXPERIENCE: Stafford graduated with honors in 1952 from the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Air Force. General Stafford received his pilot wings at Connally AFB, Waco, Texas, in September 1953. He completed advanced interceptor training and was assigned to the 54th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Ellsworth AFB, Rapid City, South Dakota. In December 1955 he was assigned to the 496th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Hahn Air Base, Germany, where he performed the duties of pilot, flight leader, and flight test maintenance officer, flying F-86Ds.Upon returning to the United States in August 1958 he attended the Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, graduated in April 1959, and received the A. B. Honts award as the outstanding graduate. He remained with the school as an instructor and later was chief of the Performance Branch.In this capacity, he was instructor in flight test training and specialized academic subjects, establishing basic textbooks and directing the writing of flight test manuals for use by the staff and students. He is coauthor of the Pilot's Handbook for Performance Flight Testing and the Aerodynamics Handbook for Performance Flight Testing.NASA EXPERIENCE: General Stafford was selected among the second group of astronauts in September 1962 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to participate in Projects Gemini and Apollo.In December 1965, he was the pilot of Gemini VI, which was the first rendezvous in space, and helped in the development of techniques to prove the basic theory and practicality of space rendezvous.In June 1966, he was commander of Gemini IX and performed three different types of rendezvous, including a demonstration of an early rendezvous that would be used in Apollo; the first optical rendezvous; and a lunar or abort rendezvous.From August 1966 to October 1968, he headed the mission planning analysis and software development responsibilities for the astronaut group for Project Apollo.General Stafford was the lead member of the group which helped formulate the sequence of missions leading to the first lunar landing mission.He demonstrated and implemented the theory of a pilot manually flying the Saturn booster into orbit and the translunar injection maneuver.In May 1969, General Stafford was commander of Apollo 10, the first flight of the lunar module to the moon, He performed the first rendezvous around the Moon and the entire lunar landing mission except the actual landing.He also made reconnaissance and tracking on future Apollo landing sites. Stafford was cited in the Guiness Book of World Records for highest speed ever attained by man; these occurred during Apollo 10 reentry when the spacecraft attained 28,547 statute miles per hour. This set the world's all-time speed record.He was assigned as head of the astronaut group in June 1969 and, as such, was responsible for the selection of flight crews for Projects Apollo and Skylab.He reviewed and monitored flight crew training status reports, and was responsible for coordination, scheduling, and control of all activities involving NASA astronauts.In June 1971, General Stafford was assigned as Deputy Director of Flight Crew Operations at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. In this role he was responsible for assisting the director in planning and implementation of programs for the astronaut group, the Aircraft Operations, Flight Crew Integration, Flight Crew Procedures, and Crew Simulation and Training Divisions.He logged his fourth space flight as Apollo commander of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission, July 15-24, 1975, a joint space flight culminating in the historic first meeting in space between American Astronauts and Soviet Cosmonauts.The event signaled a major advance in efforts for the conduct of joint experiments and the exchange of mutual assistance in future international space explorations.SPECIAL HONORS: His military decorations and awards include the Distinguished Service Medal (Air Force design), Distinguished Flying Cross with one Oak Leaf Cluster, Air Force Commendation Medal, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with one Oak Leaf Cluster, the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (twice).He has logged 507 hours and 43 minutes in space flight and wears the Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings. He has flown over 110 different types of aircraft and has over 7,100 flying hours.General Stafford assumed command of the Air Force Flight Test Center November 4, 1975. He was promoted to the grade of Major General August 9, 1975, with date of rank of June 1, 1973.Promoted to grade of Lieutenant General on March 15, 1978 and on May 1, 1978, assumed duties as Deputy Chief of Staff, Research Development and Acquisition, Headquarters USAF, Washington, D.C.; retired from the Air Force November 1, 1979.JULY 1982General Stafford is currently Vice-President of Gibraltar Exploration, Ltd., Oklahoma City, OK; Chairman of The Board of Omega Watch Company of America, New York City, NY; and a member of the board of Bendix Corporation, Southfield, MI; and Gulfstream American, Savannah, GA. He is also a member of the board of several financial institutions.</text>
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<text>NAME: Leroy Gordon Cooper, Jr., Colonel USAF (Ret.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE: Shawnee, Oklahoma, March 6, 1927.PARENTS: His father, Leroy Gordon Cooper, Sr., is deceased and his mother, Hattie Cooper, resides in Carbondale, Colorado.PHYSICAL DATA: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 ft. 8 in.; weight: 155 lbs. EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary school in Shawnee, Oklahoma and Murray, Kentucky, respectively. Colleges: University of HawaiiUniversity of Maryland - European ExtensionU.S. Air Force Institute of TechnologyAdvanced Level:Eleven years graduate level training in Space Technology, Space Mechanics, Lunar Geology, Spacecraft Design, Spacecraft Check Out and Flight Testing with NASADegrees: B.S.A.E. - Air Force Institute of TechnologyDr. of Science - Oklahoma City UniversityOther Schools: Graduate of U.S.A.F. Jet Pilot SchoolGraduate of U.S. Navy Underwater Demolition Team SchoolGraduate of U.S.N. Helicopter SchoolHOBBIES: Enjoys treasure hunting, archeology, racing, flying, skiing, boating, hunting, and fishing.ORGANIZATIONS: The Society of Experimental Test PilotsThe American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsThe American Astronautical SocietyThe Blue Lodge MasonsThe York Rite MasonsScottish Rite MasonsRoyal OrderSojournersRotary ClubDaedaliansConfederate Air ForceBoy Scouts of AmericaGirl Scouts of AmericaAWARDS AND TROPHIES:Air Force Legion of MeritAir Force Distinguished Flying CrossAir Force Distinguished Flying Cross ClusterNASA Exceptional Service MedalNASA Distinguished Service MedalUSAF Command Astronaut WingsThe Collier TrophyThe Harmon TrophyThe Scottish Rite 33┬░The York Rite Knight of the Purple CrossThe DeMolay Legion of HonorThe John F. Kennedy TrophyThe Ivan E. Kincheloe TrophyThe Air Force Association TrophyThe Primus TrophyThe John Montgomery TrophyThe General Thomas E. White TrophyThe Association of Aviation Writers AwardThe University of Hawaii Regents MedalThe Columbus MedalThe Silver AntelopeThe Sport Fishing Society of Spain AwardRECORDS AND FIRSTS:1963 - Flew 22 orbits (solo) in Mercury 9 (Faith 7) 1963 - Gave one of the opening addresses to the first meeting of the League of African Nations (from Space)1963 - Used the first television camera in Space1963 - First pilot-controlled reentry from Space1963-1965 - First Military man to address the Joint Sessions of Congress twice1965 - Flew l22 orbits as command pilot of Gemini 51965 - First man to fly two orbital flights1965 - First man to fly a fuel cell in space 1965 - First man to fly a radar set in space1965 - First man to track a typhoon from Space 1965 - Established the World Record of most hours in Space for the United States National Aeronautic Association Record Distance in Earth orbit 1965 - National Aeronautic Association Record Duration in Earth orbitFLYING EXPERIENCE:7000 hours total time 4000 hours jet time; flies all types of commercial and general aviation airplane and helicoptersMILITARY EXPERIENCE:1945-1946 - United States Marine Corps.1946-1949 - Attended the University of Hawaii - obtained commission1949 - Called to active duty USAF (for pilot training)1950 - 1954 - Fighter pilot with 86th Fighter-Bomber group in Germany1954 - 1956 - Attended the Air Force Institute of Technology Attended the USAF Experimental Flight Test School 1956 - 1957 - Served as Experimental Flight Test Engineer and Flight Test Pilot at the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB, California 1957 - 1959 - Selected in First Group of Seven Astronauts for the NASA Mercury ProgramMay 15-16, l963 - Command Pilot on MA9 - "Faith 7"August 21-28, 1965 - Command Pilot on Gemini 5October 1965 - October 1966 - Served as Back-up Command Pilot on Gemini 12April 1968 - April 1969 - Served as Back-up Command Pilot on Apollo 10July 31, 1970 - Retired from the Air Force and the Space ProgramMILITARY TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE:1956-1959 - Experimental Flight Engineer and Test Pilot at the Air Force Flight Test Center. Served as Project Manager on several flight development projects. Helped to develop new new techniques of flight testing and new aircraft stability parameters.1950-1970 - In addition to training for Space Flight, has had extensive experience in test project management from the drawing board to the flight test phase of check out and qualification for various major systems of the Space Program.BUSINESS TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE:1962-1967 - Performance Unlimited, Inc., President - Manufactured race engines, fiberglass boats, distributed marine engines and products, raced high performance boats.1963-1967 - GCR, Inc., President - Designed, tested and raced championship cars at Indianapolis and other USAC tracks, conducted tire tests for Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, pioneered turbine engine installation.1965-1970 - Teletest, Inc., President - Designed, installed and tested various systems using advanced Telemetry.1966-1969 - Doubloon, Inc. - Participated with Doubloon Inc. on design, construction, and utilization of new types of Treasure Hunting equipment.1968-1969 - Cosmos, Inc. - Participated with Cosmos, Inc. on Archeology exploration projects.1968-1970 - Profile Race Team - Part owner and race project manager, designed constructed and raced high performance boats.1968-1970 - Republic Corp. Technical Consultant - Technical consultant for corporate acquisitions and public relations.1967-1969 - Thompson Industries Technical Consultant - Technical Consultant for design and construction of various automotive production items for General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler Motor Companies.1970-1972 - Canaveral International, Inc. - Member of Board of Directors and Technical Consultant for developing technical products, public relations in land development projects.1970 - Present - Gordon Cooper and Associates, Inc. - President for consultant firm specializing in technical projects from airline and aerospace fields to land and hotel development projects.1970-1974 - APECO - Board of Director for corporation which produces and markets modular homes, computer systems, office systems, copy machines and boats and marine equipment.July 1972-June 1973 - Campco - Member of Board of Directors and Technical consultant for corporation which builds campers and mobile homes.August 1972-December 1973 - LowCom Systems, Inc. - Board of Directors and Technical Consultant for design and production of various advanced electronic systems.1972-1973 - Aerofoil Systems, Inc. - Board of Directors and Technical Consultant for design and construction of lifting, inflatable, steerable foils which could land cargo and/or personnel at a precise spot.July 1973-January 1974 - Craftech Construction, Inc., Vice President and member of the Board of Directors - Design and construction of economical homes, garages, storage buildings, and hangars of Craftboard and fiberglass.January 1973-Present - Constant Energy Systems, Inc. - Development of a large energy system to use for metropolitan power and ship engines without use of petrochemicals. Development and sales of improvements to automotive engines to increase their efficiency.1975 - Vice President for Research and Development for Walter E. Disney Enterprises, Inc., the research and development subsidiary of Walt Disney Productions located in Glendale, California.</text>
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<text>NAME: Owen K. Garriott (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 22, 1930, in Enid, Oklahoma. His mother, Mrs. Owen Garriott, resides in Enid.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 140 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Enid High School; received a bachelor of science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953, a master of science degree and a doctorate in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1957 and 1960, respectively; and was presented an honorary Doctorate of Science degree from Phillips University (Enid, Oklahoma) in 1973.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Helen Mary Walker of Enid, Oklahoma.CHILDREN: Randall O., March 29, 1955; Robert K., December 7, 1956; Richard A., July 4, 1961; Linda S., September 7, 1966.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies include skiing, sailing, scuba diving, and amateur radio.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society; member of the American Geophysical Union, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, the International Scientific Radio Union (URSI), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.SPECIAL HONORS: National Science Foundation Fellowship at Cambridge University and at the Radio Research Station at Slough, England, 1960-1961; the NASA Distinguished Service Medal in 1973; the City of Chicago Gold Medal in 1974; the Robert J. Collier Trophy for 1973 in 1974; the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1973 in 1974; the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy for 1975; Education for Public Management Fellowship at Stanford University, 1975-1976; and elected to the International Academy of Astronautics in 1975. Recipient of NASA Space Flight Medal (1983).EXPERIENCE: Garriott served as an electronics officer while on active duty with the United States Navy from 1953 to 1956 and was stationed aboard several U.S. destroyers at sea.From 1961 until 1965, he taught electronics, electromagnetic theory, and ionospheric physics as an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. He has performed research in ionospheric physics since obtaining his doctorate and has authored or coauthored more than 40 scientific papers and one book on this subject. Garriott remains a consulting professor at Stanford University.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Garriott was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in June 1965. He then completed a 53-week course in flight training at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona.He has since logged over 5,000 hours flying time, including over 2,900 hours in jet aircraft and the remainder in spacecraft, light aircraft, and helicopters. In addition to NASA ratings, he holds FAA commercial pilot and flight instructor certification for instrument and multi-engine aircraft.Dr. Garriott was science-pilot for Skylab-3 (SL-3), the second manned Skylab mission, and was in orbit first from July 28 to September 25, l973. With him on this 59-1/2-day flight were Alan L. Bean (spacecraft commander) and Jack R. Lousma (pilot). SL-3 accomplished 150% of many mission goals while completing,858 revolutions of the Earth and traveling some 24,400,000 miles. The crew installed six replacement rate gyros used for attitude control of the spacecraft and a twin pole sunshade used for thermal control, and repaired nine major experiment or operational equipment items. They devoted 305 manhours to extensive solar observations and completed 333 medical experiment performances to obtain valuable data on the effects of extended weightlessness on man. Skylab-3 ended with a Pacific splashdown and recovery by the USS NEW ORLEANS.The crew of Skylab-3 logged 1,427 hours and 9 minutes each in space, setting a new world record for a single mission, and Garriott also spent 13 hours and 43 minutes in three separate extravehicular activities outside the orbital workshop.Dr. Garriott then served first as Deputy Director and then as Director of Science and Applications at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He also served as the Assistant Director for Space Science at JSC.Dr. Garriott was a mission specialist on STS-9/Spacelab-l, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 28, 1983. He was accompanied by spacecraft commander, John W. Young; pilot, Lt. Col. Brewster H. Shaw, Jr.; fellow mission specialist, Dr. Robert A. Parker; and payload specialists, Dr. Byron Lichtenberg and Dr. Ulf Merbold. This six man crew was the largest yet to fly aboard a single spacecraft, the first international Shuttle crew, and the first to carry payload specialists.During this maiden flight of the European Space Agency (ESA)-developed laboratory, the crew conducted more than 70 multidisciplinary scientific and technical investigations in the fields of life sciences, atmospheric physics and earth observations, astronomy and solar physics, space plasma physics, and materials processing. In off duty hours, the first manned amateur radio operations in space were conducted, using his station call, W5LFL.After 10 days of Spacelab hardware verification and around-the-clock scientific operations, Columbia and its laboratory cargo landed on the dry lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 8, 1983.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Currently, he is preparing for another space flight in 1986 on the first Environmental Observation Mission (EOM-l), and also serves as Program Scientist for the Space Station Program Office at the Johnson Space Center.OCTOBER 1984</text>
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<text>NAME: Richard O. Covey (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 1, 1946, in Fayetteville, Arkansas, but considers Fort Walton Beach, Florida, to be his hometown. His parents, Lt. Col. and Mrs. Charles D. Covey, USAF (Ret.), are deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; gray eyes; height: 5 feet 11-1/2 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Choctawhatchee High School, Shalimar, Florida, in 1964; received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering Sciences with a major in Astronautical Engineering from the United States Air Force Academy in 1968, and a Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Purdue University in 1969.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Kathleen Allbaugh of Emmettsburg, lowa. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Eugene B. Allbaugh, are residents of San Jose, California.CHILDREN: Sarah Suzanne, February 5, 1974; Amy Kathleen, May 18, 1976.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys golf, water sports, photography, skiing, and volleyball.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Air Force Association, the Order of Daedalians, the USAF Academy Association of Graduates, the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and the Association of Space Explorers.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Department of Defense Superior Service Medal, 4 Air Force Distinguished Flying Crosses, 16 Air Medals, the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, the Air Force Commendation Medal, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, 3 NASA Space Flight Medals, the Johnson Space Center Certificate of Commendation, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Haley Space Flight Award for 1988, and the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award for 1988. He is a Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy, received the Liethen-Tittle Award as the Outstanding Graduate of USAF Test Pilot School Class 74B, and is a Distinguished Astronaut Engineering Alumnus of Purdue University.EXPERIENCE: Between 1970 and 1974,Covey was an operational fighter pilot,flying the F-100, A-37, and A-7D. He flew 339 combat missions during two tours in Southeast Asia. At Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, between 1975 and 1978, he was an F-4 and A-7D weapons system test pilot and Joint Test Force Director for electronic warfare testing of the F-15 "Eagle." He has flown over 5,000 hours in more than 30 different types of aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, Covey became an Astronaut in August 1979. He has flown three space flights - STS 51-I in 1985, STS-26 in 1988, and STS-38 in 1990.Prior to the first flight of the Space Shuttle, he provided astronaut support in Orbiter engineering development and testing. He was a T-38 chase pilot for the second and third Shuttle flights and support crewman for the first operational Shuttle flight, STS-5. Covey also served as Mission Control spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM) for Shuttle missions STS-5, 6, 61-B, 61-C, and 51-L. During 1989, he was Chairman of NASA's Space Flight Safety Panel .On his first mission, Covey was the pilot on the five man crew of STS 51-1, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 27, 1985. During this seven day mission, crewmembers deployed three communications satellites, the Navy SYNCOM IV-4, the Australian AUSSAT, and American Satellite Company'sASC-1. The crew also performed the successful on-orbit rendezvous and repair of the ailing 15,000 pound SYNCOM IV-3 satellite. This repair activity involved the first manual grapple and manual deployment of a satellite by a crew member. The Mission duration was 170 hours. Space Shuttle Discovery completed 112 orbits of the Earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 3,1985.He then served as pilot on ST5-26, the first flight to be flown after the Challenger accident. The five man crew launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 29, 1988, aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. Mission duration was 97 hours, during which crewmembers successfully deployed the TDRS-C satellite and operated eleven secondary payloads which included two student experiments. Discovery completed 64 orbits of the earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 3, 1988.More recently, Covey was the spacecraft commander on STS-38. The five man crew launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 15, 1990. During the five day mission crewmembers conducted Department of Defense operations. After 80 orbits of the earth, Covey piloted the Space Shuttle Atlantis to a landing on the runway at the Kennedy Space Center on November 20, 1990. This was the first Shuttle recovery in Florida since 1985. With the completion of his third space flight, Colonel Covey has logged over 385 hours in space.NOVEMBER 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: James H. Newman (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 16, 1956, in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but considersSan Diego, California, to be his hometown. His mother, Ms. Ruth Hansen, and his father, Dr. William Newman, are both residents of San Diego.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from La Jolla High School, San Diego, California in 1974; received a bachelor of arts degree in Physics (graduated Cum Laude) from Dartmouth College in 1978; received a master of arts degree and a doctorate in Physics from Rice University in 1982 and 1984, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Single.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys hiking, soccer, softball, squash, and soaring.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the American Physical Society and Sigma XI.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded a citation in senior thesis research from Dartmouth College in 1978. Elected toSigma XI in 1980. Recipient of 1982-83 Texaco Fellowship, the Sigma XI Graduate Merit Award in 1985, and 1988 NASA Superior Achievement Award. Selected by NASA JSC to attend the 1989 Summer Session of the International Space University in Strasbourg, France.EXPERIENCE: After graduating from Rice University in 1984, Dr. Newman did an additional year of postdoctoral work at Rice. His research interests are in atomic and molecular physics, specifically medium to low energy collisions of atoms and molecules of aeronomic interest. His doctoral work at Rice University was in the design, construction, testing, and use of a new, position-sensitive detection system for measuring differential cross sections of collisions of atoms and molecules. In 1985, Dr. Newman was appointed an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Space Physics and Astronomy at Rice University. That same year he came to work at the Johnson Space Center, where his duties included responsibility for conducting flight crew and flight control team training for all mission phases in the areas of orbiter propulsion, guidance, and control. He was working as a simulation supervisor when selected for the astronaut program. In that capacity, he was responsible for a team of instructors conducting flight controller training.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Newman became an astronaut in July 1991, and is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Currently assigned technical duties in the Astronaut Office Mission Support Branch, he is part of a team responsible for crew ingress/strap-in prior to launch and crew egress after landing.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Philip Kenyon Chapman (ScD)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 5, 1935, in Melbourne, Australia; his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Colin R. Chapman, reside now in Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Parramatta High School in Parramatta, N.S.W., Australia; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics and Mathematics from Sydney University in 1956; and, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, received a master of science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1964 and a Doctorate of Science in Instrumentation in 1967.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Pamela Gatenby, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Gatenby of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.CHILDREN: Peter Hume, November 20, 1960; Kristen de Querilleau, October 31, 1968.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys oil painting, skiing, swimming, sailing, and playing squash.ORGANIZATIONS: Senior member of the American Astronautical Society; and member of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) Club, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society, and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the British Polar Medal.EXPERIENCE: Chapman served with the Royal Australian Air Force Reserve from 1953 to 1955. From 1956 to 1957, he worked for Philips Electronics Industries Proprietary Limited in Sydney, Australia. He then joned the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (IGY) serving for two years as an auroral/radio physicist.From 1960 to 1961, he was an electro-optics staff engineer in flight simulators for Canadian Aviation Electronics Limited in Dorval, Quebec. His next assignment was as a staff physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he worked in electro-optics, inertial systems, and gravitational theory until the summer of 1967.He has logged 1,000 hours flying time in jet aircraft.Dr. Chapman was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. After initial academic training and a 53-week course in flight training at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, he was involved in preparations for lunar missions, serving in particular as mission scientist for the Apollo 14 mission. Because of the lack of space flight opportunities for scientist-astronauts in the 1967 intake, Dr. Chapman left NASA in July 1972. He is now with Arthur D. Little Company, Inc., Cambridge,Massachusetts.JANUARY 1983</text>
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<text>NAME: Stephen D. Thorne (Lieutenant Commander, USN) Astronaut Candidate(Pilot)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 11, 1953, in Frankfurt-on-Main, West Germany. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. James H. Thorne, reside in Anderson, South Carolina.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 6 feet 2 inches; weight: 185 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from T. L. Hanna High School, Anderson, South Carolina, in 1971; received a bachelor of science degree in Systems Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1975.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Sue Lotz of Staunton, Virginia. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Philip L. Lotz, still reside there.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys baseball, running, reading, and general aviation.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. Life member of the Naval Academy Alumni Association.EXPERIENCE: Upon graduation from the Naval Academy, Thorne entered flight training and received his wings in December 1976. Following training in the F-4 Phantom, he joined Fighter Squadron 21 (VF-21) and was deployed to the Western Pacific aboard the USS RANGER. After training at the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1981, Thorne spent the next two years at Strike Aircraft Test at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland, flying mostly ordnance and weapons systems tests in the F-4 and A-7 Corsair II. He completed F-18 Hornet transition training in October 1984 and joined Strike Fighter Squadron 132 (VFA-132) aboard USS CORAL SEA until departing for NASA.He has accumulated over 2,500 hours and 200 carrier landings in approximately 30 different types of aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Lieutenant Commander Thorne was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1985 and, in August, commenced a one year training and evaluation program to qualify for subsequent assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews.AUGUST 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 5, 1950, in San Jose, Costa Rica, to the late Mr. Ramon A. Chang-Morales and Mrs. Maria Eugenia Diaz De Chang. His mother resides in Costa Rica.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 8-1/2 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Colegio De La Salle in San Jose, Costa Rica, in November 1967, and from Hartford High School in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1969; received a bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Connecticut in 1973 and a doctorate in Applied Plasma Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Peggy Marguerite Doncaster of Alexandria, Louisiana.CHILDREN: Jean E., December 22, 1973; Sonia R., March 31, 1978; Lidia A., March 1, 1988.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys music, glider planes, soccer, scuba-diving, hunting, and hiking.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the University of Connecticut's Outstanding Alumni Award (1980); NASA Space Flight Medal (1986); the Liberty Medal from President Ronald Reagan at the Statue of Liberty Centennial Celebration in New York City (1986); the Medal of Excellence from the Congressional Hispanic Caucus (1987); NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1988); and awarded the Cross of the Venezuelan Air Force by President Jaime Lusinchi during the 68th Anniversary of the Venezuelan Air Force in Caracas, Venezuela (1988).EXPERIENCE: While attending the University of Connecticut, he also worked as a research assistant in the Physics Department and participated in the design and construction of high energy atomic collision experiments. Following graduation in 1973, he entered graduate school at MlT,becoming heavily involved in the United States' controlled fusion program and doing intensive research in the design and operation of fusion reactors. He obtained his doctorate in the field of applied plasma physics and fusion technology and, in that same year, joined the technical staff of the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. His work at Draper was geared strongly toward the design and integration of control systems for fusion reactor concepts and experimental devices, in both inertial and magnetic confinement fusion. In 1979, he developed a novel concept to guide and target fuel pellets in an inertial fusion reactor chamber. More recently, he has been engaged in the design of magnetic divertor systems for energy recovery and impurity control in fusion power plants, as well as new concepts in rocket propulsion based on high temperature plasmas. In October 1983, he was appointed as visiting scientist with the MIT Plasma Fusion Center where he travels periodically to continue his research on advanced plasma rockets. He has presented numerous papers at technical conferences and in scientific journals.In addition to his mainline fields of science and engineering, he worked for 2-1/2 years as a house manager in an experimental community residence for deinstitutionalizing chronic mental patients, and was heavily involved as an instructor/advisor with a rehabilitation program for hispanic drug abusers in Massachusetts.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1980, Dr. Chang-Diaz became an astronaut in August 1981, qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. While undergoing astronaut training he was also involved in flight software checkout at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), and participated in the early Space Station design studies. In late 1982, he was designated as support crew for the first Spacelab mission and, in November 1983, served as on orbit capsule communicator (CAPCOM) during that flight.From October 1984 to August 1985 he was leader of the astronaut support team at the Kennedy Space Center. His duties included astronaut support during the processing of the various vehicles and payloads, as well as flight crew support during the final phases of the launch countdown.He has logged over 1,500 hours of flight time, including 1,300 hours in jet aircraft.Dr. Chang-Diaz flew on Shuttle mission STS 61-C which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 12, 1986. During the 6-day flight of Columbia he participated in the deployment of the SATCOM KU satellite, conducted experiments in astrophysics, and operated the materials processing laboratory MSL-2. STS 61-C made a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 18, 1986. With the completion of this flight he logged 146 hours in space.Dr. Chang-Diaz was instrumental in implementing closer ties between the astronaut corps and the scientific community. In January 1987, he started the Astronaut Science Colloquium Program and later helped form the Astronaut Science Support Group, which he directed until January 1989.On his second flight, Dr. Chang-Diaz was a member of the crew of STS-34, aboard Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis. STS-34 launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 18, 1989, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 23, 1989. During the mission, crew members successfully deployed the Galileo spacecraft on its journey to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone, and performed numerous secondary experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer morphology, lightning research, microgravity effects on plants, and a student experiment on ice crystal growth in space. Mission duration was 79 orbits of the earth, and logged Dr. Chang-Diaz an additional 119 hours and 41 minutes in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Chang-Diaz is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-46. During this seven day mission the crew will deploy the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA), an ESA-sponsored free-flying science platform, and will also demonstrate the Tethered Satellite System (TSS), a joint project between NASA and the Italian Space Agency. STS-46 is scheduled for launch in the summer of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Michael Foale (Ph. D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 6, 1957, in Louth, England, but considers Cambridge, England, to be his hometown. His parents, Colin and Mary Foale, reside in Cambridge.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 11 inches; weight: 152 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Kings School, Canterbury, in 1975. He attended the University of Cambridge, Queens' College, receiving a bachelor of arts degree in Physics, National Sciences Tripos, with 1st class honors, in 1978. While at Queens' College, he completed his doctorate in Laboratory Astrophysics at Cambridge University in 1982.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Rhonda R. Butler of Louisville, Kentucky. Her parents, Reed and Dorothy Butler, reside in Louisville.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys many outdoor activities, particularly windsurfing, and participating as an amateur in many national and international races. Private flying, soaring, and project scuba diving are his other major sporting interests. As a Community Associate at Rice University, he also enjoys tutoring freshman physics.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, the American Institute of Astronautics and Aeronautics (AIAA), and the Cambridge Philosophical Society, England.EXPERIENCE: While a postgraduate at Cambridge University, Foale participated in the organization and execution of scientific scuba diving projects. With the cooperation of the Greek government, he participated as both a member of one expedition and the leader of another, surveying underwater antiquities in Greece. In the fall of 1981, he dove on the 1543 ocean galleon, "The Mary Rose," as a volunteer diver, learning excavation and survey techniques in very low visibility conditions. Pursuing a career in aerospace, Foale moved to Houston, Texas, to work on Space Shuttle navigation problems at McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Corporation. In June 1983, Foale joined NASA Johnson Space Center in the payload operations area of the Mission Operations Directorate. In his capacity as Payload Officer in the Mission Control Center, he was responsible for payload operations on Space Shuttle missions STS-51G, 51-1, 61-B and 61-C.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Foale completed a one year training and evaluation program in August 1988 which qualifies him for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His technical assignments to date include flying the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) simulator to provide verification and testing of the Shuttle flight software and, more recently, developing crew rescue and integrated operations for Space Station Freedom.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Foale is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-45. During this nine- day mission, the crew of Columbia will conduct atmospheric and solar studies in order to better understand the effect of solar activity on the Earth's climate and environment. STS-45 is scheduled for launch in the Spring of 1992.FE8RUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Shannon W. Lucid (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 14, 1943, in Shanghai, China, but considers Bethany, Oklahoma, to be her hometown. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph O. Wells, reside in Bethany.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Bethany High School, Bethany, Oklahoma, in 1960; received a bachelor of science degree in Chemistry from the University of Oklahoma in 1963, and master of science and doctor of philosophy degrees in Biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma in 1970 and 1973, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Michael F. Lucid of Indianapolis, Indiana.CHILDREN: Kawai Dawn, September 19, 1968; Shandara Michelle, January 13, 1970; and Michael Kermit, August 22, 1975.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys flying, camping, hiking, and reading.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Lucid's experience includes a variety of academic assignments, such as teaching assistant at the University of Oklahoma's Department of Chemistry from 1963 to 1964; senior laboratory technician at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation from 1964-1966; chemist at Kerr-McGee, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1966 to 1968; graduate assistant at the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center's Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from 1969 to 1973; and research associate with the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, from 1974 until her selection to the astronaut candidate training program in 1979.Dr. Lucid is a commercial, instrument, and multi-engine rated pilot.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Dr. Lucid became an astronaut in August 1979. She is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Some of her technical assignments have included: the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); the Flight Software Laboratory, in Downey, California, working with the rendezvous and proximity operations group; Astronaut Office interface at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, participating in payload testing, Shuttle testing, and launch countdowns; CAPCOM in the JSC Mission Control Center during numerous Space Shuttle missions. She has also served as Chief of Mission Support, and Chief of Astronaut Appearances. A veteran of three space flights, Dr. Lucid served as a mission specialist on STS 51-G in 1985, on STS-34 in 1989 and, more recently on STS-43 in 1991 .On her first mission Dr. Lucid was a crew member on STS 51-G, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 17, 1985. During the mission the crew deployed communications satellites for Mexico (Morelos), the Arab League (Arabsat), and the United States (AT&T Telstar). They used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to deploy and later retrieve the SPARTAN satellite which performed 17 hours of x-ray astronomy experiments while separated from the Space Shuttle. In addition, the crew activated the Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF), six Getaway Specials, and participated in biomedical experiments. Following 112 orbits of the earth in 169 hours and 39 seconds, STS 51-G Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1985.Dr. Lucid next flew on the crew of STS-34, aboard Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 18, 1989, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 23, 1989.During 79 orbits of the earth, crew members successfully deployed the Galileo spacecraft on its journey toexplore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone, and performed numerous secondary experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer morphology, lightning research, microgravity effects on plants, and a student experiment on ice crystal growth in space. Mission duration was 119 hours and 41 minutes.More recently, Dr. Lucid was a crew member on STS-43 on board the Orbiter Atlantis. The nine-day mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 2, 1991. During the flight, crew members deployed the fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-E), in addition to conducting 32 physical, material, and life science experiments, mostly relating to the Extended Duration Orbiter and Space Station Freedom. After 142 orbits of the earth in 213 hours, the mission concluded with a landing on Runway 15 at the Kennedy Space Center on August 11, 1991.With the completion of her third space mission, Dr. Lucid has logged over 502 hours in space.SEPTEMBER 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: John Anthony Llewellyn (Ph.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 22, 1933 in Cardiff, Wales; became U.S. citizen February 17, 1966; married, three children.EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science from University College, Cardiff, Wales (1955), and a doctorate in chemistry from University College (1958).MARITAL STATUS: Married.CHILDREN: Three.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Llewellyn was chosen with the sixth group of astronauts in 1967. He withdrew from the program on September 6, 1968, for personal reasons.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Llewellyn is presently a professor in the Department of Energy Conversion and Mechanical Design, College of Engineering, University of South Florida.1985</text>
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<text>NAME: William A. Anders (Major General, USAF Reserve)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 17, 1933, in Hong Kong; his parents, Commander (USN Retired) and Mrs. Arthur F. Anders, now reside in La Mesa, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1955 and a Master of Science degree in Nuclear Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, in 1962. Completed the Harvard Business School Advanced Management Program in 1979.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Valerie E. Hoard of Lemon Grove, California, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry G. Hoard, of Oceanside, California.CHILDREN: Alan, February 1957; Glen, July 1958; Gayle, December 1960; Gregory, December 1962; Eric, July 1964; Diana, August 1972.OTHER ACTIVITIES: Hobbies are fishing, flying, camping, water and cross-country skiing, and he also enjoys soccer.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Tau Beta Pi National Engineering Honor Society, American Nuclear Society, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and other professional organizations.SPECIAL HONORS: Distinguished Service Medals from the Air Force, NASA and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Air Force Commendation Medal; National Geographic Society's Hubbard Medal for Exploration; Collier, Harmon, Goddard and White Trophies; and the American Astronautical Society's Flight Achievement Award. He has been awarded several honorary doctoral degrees.EXPERIENCE: Anders was commissioned in the Air Force after graduation from the Naval Academy and served as a fighter pilot in all-weather interception squadrons of the Air Defense Command and later was responsible for technical management of nuclear power reactor shielding and radiation effects programs while at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory in New Mexico.In 1964, Anders was selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as an astronaut with responsibilities for dosimetry, radiation effects and environmental controls. He was backup pilot for the Gemini XI and Apollo 11 flights, and was "lunar module" pilot for Apollo 8, the first lunar orbit mission in December 1968. He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying time.From June 1969 to 1973 he served as Executive Secretary for the National Aeronautics and Space Council, which was responsible to the President, Vice President and Cabinet-level members of the Council for developing policy options concerning research, development, operations and planning of aeronautical and space systems.On August 6, 1973, Anders was appointed to the five-member Atomic Energy Commission where he was lead commissioner for all nuclear and nonnuclear power Research and Development. He was also named as US Chairman of the joint US/USSR technology exchange program for nuclear fision and fusion power.Following the reorganization of national nuclear regulatory and developmental activities on January19, 1975, Anders was named by President Ford to become the first Chairman of the newly established Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)responsible for nuclear safety and environmental compatibility. At the completion of his term as NRC Chairman, Anders was appointed US Ambassador to Norway and held that position until 1977.Anders left the federal government after 26 years of service and after briefly serving as a Fellow of the American Enterprise Institute he joined the General Electric Company in September 1977 as Vice President and General Manager of the Nuclear Products Division in San Jose, CA. In this position he was responsible for the manufacture of nuclear fuel, reactor internal equipment, and control and instrumentation for GE boiling water reactors at facilities in San Jose and Wilmington, NC. In addition, he had responsibility for the GE partnership arrangement with Chicago Bridge and Iron for the manufacture of large steel pressure vessels in Memphis, TN. In August 1979, Anders was placed on special assignment to attend the Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: On January 1, 1980, Anders was appointed General Manager of the General Electric Aircraft Equipment Division with headquarters in Utica, NY. With more than 8500 employees in five plant locations in the Northeastern US, the Aircraft Equipment Division products include aircraft flight and weapon control systems, cockpit instruments, aircraft electrical generating systems, airborne radars and data processing systems, electronic countermeasures, space command systems, and aircraft/surface multibarrel armament systems. He is also a consultant to the Office of Science and Technology Policy; a member of the Defense Science Board and the NASA Advisory Council; a Major General in the USAF Reserve assigned to the office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research and Development in the Pentagon; and a Director of the Congressional Awards Program.</text>
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<text>NAME: Michael Collins (Major General, USAF, Retired) Aerospace Consultant and Author, Washington D.C.BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 31, 1930, in Rome, Italy.EDUCATION: Graduated from Saint Albans School in Washington, D.C.; received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point, N.Y., in 1952. He also attended the Harvard Business School in the advanced management program. He has honorary degrees from six colleges and universities.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Patricia Finnegan of Boston.CHILDREN: Kathleen, May 6, 1959; Ann S., October 31, 1961; Michael L., February 23, 1963.NASA EXPERIENCE: Collins was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963. He served as pilot on the 3-day Gemini 10 mission, launched July 18, 1966, during which he set a world altitude record and became the nation's third spacewalker, completing two extravehicular activities (EVAs).His second flight was as command module pilot of the historic Apollo 11 mission in July 1969. He remained in lunar orbit while Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the Moon.Collins has completed two space flights, logging 266 hours in space, of which 1 hour and 27 minutes were spent in EVA.EXPERIENCE: Prior to joining NASA, Collins served as a fighter pilot and an experimental test pilot at the Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base, California, from 1959 to 1963. He logged more than 4,200 hours flying time.Upon leaving NASA in January 1970, Collins became Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs.In April 1971, Collins joined the Smithsonian Institution as Director of the National Air and Space Museum, where he remained for 7 years. He was responsible for planning and construction of the new museum building, which opened to the public in July 1976, a few days ahead of schedule and below its budgeted cost. In April 1978, Collins became Undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution.In 1980, Collins became Vice President of the LTV Aerospace and Defense Company, resigning in 1985 to start his own firm. He is author of CARRYING THE FIRE (1974), which describes his experience in the space program. He followed it with FLYING TO THE MOON AND OTHER STRANGE PLACES (1976), a book about space for younger readers. In 1988 he wrote LIFTOFF: THE STORY OF AMERICA'S ADVENTURE IN SPACE.SPECIAL HONORS: Collins has received numerous decorations and awards, including the Presidential Medal for Freedom in 1969, the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, and the Harmon International Trophy.MAY 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: S. David Griggs NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 7,1939, in Portland, Oregon. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jack L. Griggs, Sr., reside in Lawrence, Michigan.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Lincoln High School, Portland, Oregon, in 1957; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1962, and a master of science in Administration from George Washington University in 1970.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Karen Frances Kreeb of Lake Ronkonkoma, Long Island, New York. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kreeb, reside in Lake Ronkonkoma, New York.CHILDREN: Alison Marie, August 21, 1971; Carre Anne, May 14, 1974.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Flying, auto restoration, running, and skiing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, National Air Racing Group, Naval Reserve Association, Naval Academy Alumni Association, Association of Naval Aviators, Naval Institute, Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, Naval Order of the United States, Tailhook Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Distinguished Flying Cross, Meritorious Service Medal, 15 Air Medals, 3 Navy Commendation Medals, Navy Unit Commendation, Meritorious Unit Citation, Defense Distinguished Service Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA Achievement Award, and NASA Sustained Superior Performance Award.EXPERIENCE: Mr. Griggs graduated from Annapolis in 1962 and entered pilot training shortly thereafter. In 1964, he received his Navy wings and was attached to Attack Squadron-72 flying A-4 aircraft. He completed one Mediterranean cruise and two Southeast Asia combat cruises aboard the aircraft carriers USS INDEPENDENCE and USS ROOSEVELT. Mr. Griggs entered the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, in 1967, and upon completion of test pilot training, was assigned to the Flying Qualities and Performance Branch, Flight Test Division, where he flew various test projects on fighter and attack-type aircraft. In 1970, he resigned his regular United States Navy commission and affiliated with the Naval Air Reserve in which he currently holds the rank of Rear Admiral.As a Naval Reservist, Rear Admiral Griggs has been assigned to several fighter and attack squadrons fiying A-4, A-7, and F-8 aircraft based at Naval Air Station New Orleans, LA, and Miramar, CA. His most recent assignments have been as Commanding Officer, Attack Squadron 2082, Executive Officer, Carrier Group 0282, mobilizing to Battle Force Sixth Fleet, Commanding Officer, Naval Reserve Naval Space Command 0166 stationed at the Naval Space Command Headquarters, Dahlgren, Virginia, and Commanding Officer, Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory 410, Houston, Texas. Rear Admiral Grigg's current mobilization assignment is as Chief of Staff Commander Naval Air Force, United States Pacific Fleet, San Diego, California.He has logged 9,500 hours fiying time, of which 7,800 hours are in jet aircraft, and has flown over 45 different types of aircraft, including single and multi-engine prop, turbo prop and jet aircraft, helicopters, gliders, hot air balloons and the Space Shuttle. He has made over 300 carrier landings, and holds an airline transport pilot license and is a certified flight instructor.NASA EXPERIENCE: Mr. Griggs has been employed at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center as a research pilot since July 1970, and during this time, he has worked on various flight test and research projects in support of NASA programs. In 1974, he was assigned duties as the project pilot for the shuttle trainer aircraft and participated in the design, development, and testing of those aircraft pending their operational deployment in 1976. He was appointed Chief of the Shuttle Training Aircraft Operations Office in January 1976 with responsibility for the operational use of the shuttle trainer, and held that position until being selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979, he completed a one year training and evaluation period and became eligible for Space Shuttle flight crew assignment.From 1979 to 1983, Mr. Griggs was involved in several Space Shuttle engineering capacities including the development and testing of the Head-Up Display (HUD) approach and landing avionics system, development of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and the requirements definition and verification of on-orbit rendezvous and entry flight phase software and procedures. In September 1983, he began crew training as a mission specialist for flight STS 51-D, which flew April 12-19,1985. During the flight, Mr. Griggs conducted the first unscheduled extravehicular activity (space walk) of the space program. The space walk lasted for over three hours during which preparations for a satellite rescue attempt were completed.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Mr. Griggs is in flight crew training as pilot for STS-33, a dedicated Department of Defense mission, scheduled for launch in August 1989.FEBRUARY 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: Bonnie J. Dunbar (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 3, 1949, in Sunnyside, Washington. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Dunbar, reside in Outlook, Washington.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 5-1/2 inches; weight: 117 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Sunnyside High School, Sunnyside, Washington, in 1967; received bachelor of science and master of science degrees in Ceramic Engineering from the University of Washington in 1971 and 1975, respectively; and a doctorate in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Houston, 1983.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Dr. Ronald M. Sega of Monument, Colorado. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Sega, reside in Arvada, Colorado.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: She enjoys flying, running, softball, squash, and sailing.ORGANlZATlONS: Member of the American Ceramic Society (ACS), the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers (NICE), Keramos Honorary, the Society of Biomedical Engineering, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Tau Beta Pi, Materials Research Society (MRS); Board of Directors, Arnold Air Society and Angel Flight.SPECIAL HONORS: Graduated Cum Laude from the University of Washington in 1975; awarded a NASA graduate research grant in 1973 and 1974; Rockwell International Engineer of the Year in 1978, Group Achievement Award, Skylab Reentry; 1979. Recipient of NASA Space Flight Medal, 1985; American Ceramic Society (ACS) Greaves-Walker Award, 1985; Evergreen Safety Council Public Service in Space Award, 1986; General Jimmy Doolittle Fellow of the Aerospace Education Foundation, 1986; ACS Life Membership, 1986; NASA Exceptional Service Medal, 1988; Georgia Tech Peter B. Sherry Memorial Lecture in Chemistry, 1988; and ACS Schwalt Zwalder P.A.C.E. Award, 1990.EXPERIENCE: Following graduation in 1971, Dr. Dunbar worked for Boeing Computer Services for 2 years as a systems analyst. In 1973, she started research for her master's thesis in the field of mechanisms and kinetics of ionic diffusion in sodium beta-alumina. In 1975, Dunbar was invited to participate in research at Harwell Laboratories in Oxford, England, as a visiting scientist. Her work there involved the wetting behavior of liquids on solid substrates. Following her work in England, she accepted a senior research engineer position with Rockwell International Space Division in Downey, California. Her responsibilities there included developing equipment and processes for the manufacture of the Space Shuttle thermal protection system in Palmdale, California. She also represented Rockwell International as a member of the Dr. Kraft Ehricke evaluation committee on prospective space industrialization concepts. Dr. Dunbar completed her doctorate at the University of Houston in Houston, Texas. Her multidisciplinary dissertation (materials science and physiology) involved evaluating the effects of simulated space flight (antiorthostatic hypokinesia) on bone strength and fracture toughness using an animal model. These results were correlated to alterations in hormonal and metabolic activity. She is currently an adjunct assistant professor in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Houston and serves on the Bioengineering Advisory Group.She is a private pilot with over 200 hours in single engine land aircraft, and has logged more than 500 hours flying time in T-38 jets as copilot.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Dunbar accepted a position as a payload officer/flight controller at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in 1978. She served as a guidance and navigation officer/flight controller for the Skylab reentrymission in 1979 and was subsequently designated project officer/payload officer for the integration of several Space Shuttle payloads.Dr. Dunbar became a NASA astronaut in August1981. Her technical assignments have included assisting in the verification of Shuttle flight software at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), serving as a member of the Flight Crew Equipment Control Board, participation as a member of the Astronaut Office Science Support Group, supporting operational development of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), and chief of the Mission Development Branch. Her current technical assignments include Astronaut Office interface for "secondary" payloads and lead for the Science Support Group.Dr. Dunbar was a mission specialist on the crew of STS 61-A, the West German D-1 Spacelab mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 30, 1985. This mission was the first to carry eight crewmembers, the largest to fly in space, and was also the first in which payload activities were controlled from outside the United States. More than 75 scientific experiments were completed in the areas of physiological sciences, materials science, biology, and navigation. During the seven day mission, Dr. Dunbar was responsible for operating Spacelab and its subsystems and performing a variety of experiments. Her mission training included 6 months of experiment training in Germany, France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. After completing 111 orbits of the earth in 169 hours, Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 6, 1985.Dr. Dunbar next served as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-32 which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 9, 1990. In the longest Shuttle mission to date, crewmembers on board the Orbiter Columbia successfully deployed the Syncom IV-F5 satellite, and retrieved the 21,400 pound Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) using the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). They also operated a variety of middeck experiments including the Microgravity Disturbance Experiment (MDE) using the Fluids Experiment Apparatus (FEA), Protein Crystal Growth (PCG), American Flight Echocardiograph (AFE), Latitude/Longitude Locator (L3), Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE), Characterization of Neurospora Circadian Rhythms (CNCR),and the IMAX Camera. Dr. Dunbar was Principal Investigator for the MDE/FEA Experiment. Additionally, numerous medical test objectives, including in-flight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP), in-flight aerobic exercise and muscle performance were conducted to evaluate human adaptation to extended duration missions. Following 173 orbits of the earth in 261 hours, Columbia returned with a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 20, 1990.With the completion of her second flight, Dr. Dunbar has logged a total of 430 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Dunbar is assigned as Payload Commander on the crew of STS-50, scheduled for launch aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in June 1992. STS-50 will be the first flight of the United States Microgravity Laboratory. Over a two week period, the STS-50 crew members will conduct a wide variety of experiments relating to materials processing in a microgravity environment.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Richard F. Gordon, Jr., (Captain, USN, Ret.)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born October 5, 1929, in Seattle, Washington.EDUCATION: Graduated from North Kitsap High School, Poulsbo, Washington; received a bachelor of science degree in Chemistry, University of Washington, 1951; a SCD (honorary), Niagara University, 1972; Operations Analysis, USN Post Graduate School, Monterey, California, 1963; and graduated USN Test Pilots School, 1957.RESIDENCE: Manhattan Beach, California.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Linda A. Saundera of Miami, Florida.CHILDREN: Carleen, July 8, 1954; Richard, October 6, 1955; Lawrence, December 18, 1957; Thomas, March 25, 1959; James, April 26, 1960 (deceased); and Diane, April 23, 1961.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow, American Astronautical Society; Associate Fellow, Society of Experimental Test Pilots; and Navy League.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal; NASA Exceptional Service Medal; two Navy Distinguished Flying Crosses; Navy Astronaut Wings; Navy Distinguished Service Medal; Institute of Navigation Award for 1969; Godfrey L. Cabot Award, 1970; the Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress,1970; Phi Sigma Kappa Merit Award,1966; NASA MSC Superior Achievement Award; NASA Group Achievment Award; FAI Record, 1961 (Transcontinental Speed Record); and FAI World Record (Altitutde Record, Gemini XI).COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES: Gordon has served as chairman and cochairman of the Louisiana Heart Fund, chairman of the March of Dimes (Mother's March), honorary chairman for Muscular Dystrophy, and board of directors for the Boy Scouts of America and Boys' Club of Greater New Orleans.EXPERIENCE: Gordon, a retired Navy Captain, received his wings as a naval aviator in 1953. He then attended All-Weather Flight School and jet transitional training and was subsequently assigned to an all-weather fighter squadron at the Naval Air Station at Jacksonville, Florida.In 1957, he attended the Navy's Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, and served as a flight test pilot until 1960. During this tour of duty, he did flight test work on the F8U Crusader, F11F Tigercat, FJ Fury, and A4D Skyhawk, and was the first project test pilot for the F4H Phantom II.He served with Fighter Squadron 121 at the Miramar, California, Naval Air Station as a flight instructor in the F4H and participated in the introduction of that aircraft to the Atlantic and Pacific fleets. He was also flight safety officer, assistant operations officer, and ground training officer for Fighter Squadron 96 at Miramar.Winner of the Bendix Trophy Race from Los Angeles to New York in May 1961, he established a new speed record of 869.74 miles per hour and a transcontinental speed record of 2 hours and 47 minutes.He was also a student at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School at Monterey, California.He has logged more than 4,500 hours flying time, including 3,500 hours in set aircraft.Gordon was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963. He served as backup pilot for the Gemini VIII flight.On September 12, 1966, he served as pilot for the 3-day Gemini XI mission, which acheived rendezvous with an Agena in less than one orbit. He executed docking maneuvers with the previously launched Agena and performed two periods of extravehicular activity, which included attaching a tether to the Agena and retrieving a nuclear emulsion experiment package. Other highlights accomplished by Gordon and command pilot Charles Conrad on this flight included the successful completion of the first tethered station-keeping exercise, establishment of a new altitude record of 850 miles, and completion of the first fully automatic controlled reentry. The flight was concluded on September 15, 1966, with the spacecraft landing in the Atlantic, 2 and 1/2 miles from the prime recovery ship USS GUAM.Gordon was subsequently assigned as backup command module pilot for Apollo 9.He occupied the command module pilot seat on Apollo 12, November 14-24, 1969. Other crewmen on man's second lunar landing mission were Charles Conrad, spacecraft commander, and Alan L. Bean, lunar module pilot. Throughout the 31 hour lunar surface stay by Conrad and Bean, Gordon remained in lunar orbit aboard the command module, "Yankee Clipper," obtaining desired mapping photographs of tentative landing sites for future missions. He also performed the final redocking maneuvers following the successful lunar orbit rendezvous which was initiated by Conrad and Bean from within "Intrepid" after their ascent from the Moon's surface.All of the mission's objectives were accomplished, and Apollo 12 achievements include: the precision lunar landing with "Intrepid's" touchdown in the Moon's Ocean of Storms; and the first lunar traverse by Conrad and Bean as they deployed the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package (ALSEP), installed a nuclear power generator station to provide the power source for these long-term scientific experiments, gathered samples of the lunar surface for return to Earth, and completed a close- up inspection of the Surveyor III spacecraft.The Apollo 12 mission lasted 244 hours and 36 minutes and was concluded with a Pacific splashdown and subsequent recovery operations by the USS HORNET.Gordon completed two space flights, logging a total of 315 hours and 53 minutes in space, of which 2 hours and 44 minutes were spent in EVA.He served as backup spacecraft commander for Apollo 15. At the completion of the Apollo 15 flight in 1971, Gordon was given new responsibilities as Chief, Advanced Programs of the Astronaut Office, and worked on the design and testing of the Shuttle and Development Equipment.In January, 1972, Gordon retired from NASA and the U.S. Navy after 22 years of military service and accepted a position with John W. Mecom, Jr., as Executive Vice President of the New Orleans Saints Professional Football Club in the National Football League. As the Executive Vice President, he was responsible to the President of the New Orleans Saints for the administrative, contractual, and other fiscal operations of the entire Saints' organization.In April 1977, Gordon returned to Houston at the request of Mecom to act as the General Manager of Energy Developers, Limited (EDL), a Texas Partnership involved in a joint venture with Rocket Research Corporation for the development of a liquid chemical explosive for use in the oil and gas industry. In addition, Gordon was engaged in the utilization of space technology for application to our Earth resources as it applied to the discovery and development of oil and gas resources.In May 1978, Gordon became President of Resolution Engineering and Development Company (REDCO). REDCO provides design and operational requirements for wild oil well control and fire fighting equipment on board a large semisubmersible utility vessel designed by REDCO and the Southeast Drilling Co. (SEDCO) for operation in the North Sea. Two vessels are presently operating in the North Sea for Phillips Petroleum and Occidental of Britain. Gordon also participated in North Sea production platform safety inspections under the auspices of Red Adair Company for Shell/Esso in the Brent and Cormorant field and for Mobil in the Statford Fields. He was also responsible for the preparation and presentation of the technical report submitted to the respective management personnel for the above companies in London, England; Aberdeen, Scotland; and Stavanger, Norway.In January 1980, after the merger of REDCO with Amarco Resources, Gordon assumed the additional duties of Vice President for Marketing, Westdale, an oil well servicing subsidiary of AMARCO operating in North Central Texas and Oklahoma. Responsibilities included eatablishment andmaintenance of customer files, direct contact with the customer at the management level, analysis of new areas of operation and acquisition possibilities for expansion purposes, and the introduction of allied equipment for the well servicing business of the company.In August 1980, additional responsibilities of Vice President for Operations, Texas Division were assumed. This included the operation of 17 well servicing rigs and 8 pump/transport trucks in Jacksboro and Rule, Texas, as well as the supervision of 92 operational personnel and support staff.From September 1981 to February 1983, Gordon accepted the position of Director: Scott Science and Technology, Inc., Los Angeles Division. He was responsible for all systems management activities of the company in the Los Angeles area. Scott Science and Technology, Inc., is an international corporation dedicated to the commercial application of advanced technology. Based on the expertise residing within the firms, as well as the accessibility of advanced technology in the aerospace community, the company conducts research and development, project management, and product improvement activities to enhance the products, processes, and services of business and industry.In March 1982, Mr. Gordon became President of Astro Sciences Corporation, which was incorporated as Astro Systems and Engineering, Inc., Los Angeles, California. He is responsible as the CEO of Astro Sciences Corporation (a subsidary of Transworld Services, Inc., of which he is a Corporate Vice President) for all activities of the company. The company provides a versatile range of services including engineering, project management, project field support teams, and product support activities. Software and hardware system design for control room applications has also become a recent product. In the Summer of 1984, Gordon was a Technical Advisor for and played the part of "Capcom" in the CBS miniseries SPACE, by James A. Michener.AUGUST 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: Francis R. "Dick" ScobeeNASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 19, 1939, in Cle Elum, Washington. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Francis W. Scobee, reside in Yakima, Washington.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 1 inch; weight: 175 poundsEDUCATION: Graduated from Auburn Senior High School, Auburn, Washington, in 1957; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Arizona in 1965.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former June Kent of San Antonio, Texas, where her mother, Mrs. Virginia M. Kent, still resides.CHILDREN: Kathie R., January 30, 1961; and Richard W., April 13, 1964.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Flying, oil painting, woodworking, motorcycling, racquetball, jogging, and most outdoor sports.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Tau Beta Pi, the Experimental Aircraft Association, and the Air Force Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, and two NASA Exceptional ServiceEXPERIENCE: Scobee enlisted in the United States Air Force in 1957, trained as a reciprocating engine mechanic, and was subsequently stationed at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas. While there, he attended night school and acquired 2 years of college credit which led to his selection for the Airman's Education and Commissioning Program. He graduated from the University of Arizona with a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering. He received his commission in 1965 and, after receiving his wings in 1966, completed a number of assignments including a combat tour in Vietnam. He returned to the United States and attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Since graduating in 1972, he has participated in test programs for which he has flown such varied aircraft as the Boeing 747, the X-24B, the transonic aircraft technology (TACT) F-lll, and the C-5.He has logged more than 6,500 hours flying time in 45 types of aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Scobee was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979, he completed a one year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flightcrews. In addition to astronaut duties, Mr. Scobee is an Instructor Pilot on the NASA Boeing 747 Shuttle carrier airplane.He flew as pilot of STS-41C which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 6, 1984. Crewmembers included spacecraft commander, Captain Robert L. Crippen, and three mission specialists, Mr. Terry J. Hart, Dr. G. D. "Pinky" Nelson, and Dr. J. D. A. "Ox" van Hoften. During this mission the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired the orbiting Challenger on board, and replaced it in orbit using the robot arm called the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The mission also included flight testing of Manned Maneuvering Units (MMUs) in two extravehicular activities (EVAs); operation of the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems, and a Bee Hive Honeycomb Structures student experiment. Mission duration was 7 days before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 13, 1984.With the completion of this flight, he logged a total of 168 hours in space.Mr. Scobee was spacecraft commander on STS 51-L which was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 11:38:00 EST on January 28, 1986. The crew on board the Orbiter Challenger included the pilot, Commander M. J. Smith (USN) (pilot), three mission specialists, Dr. R. E. McNair, Lieutenant Colonel E. S. Onizuka (USAF),and Dr. J. A. Resnik, as well as two civilian payload specialists, Mr. G. B. Jarvis and Mrs. S. C. McAuliffe. The STS-51L crew died on January 28, 1986 after Challenger exploded 1 minute13 seconds after launch. JANUARY 1986</text>
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<text>NAME: Don (not "Donald") Leslie Lind (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Midvale, Utah, on May 18, 1930. His mother, Mrs. Leslie A. Lind, resides in Midvale, Utah.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 11-3/4 inches; weight: 190 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Midvale Elementary School and is a graduate of Jordan High School, Sandy, Utah; received a bachelor of science degree with high honors in Physics from the University of Utah in 1953 and a doctorate of Philosophy degree in High Energy Nuclear Physics in 1964 from the University of California, Berkeley; performed postdoctoral study at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, in 1975-1976.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Kathleen Maughan of Logan, Utah; her mother, Mrs. J. Howard Maughan, resides in Logan.CHILDREN: Carol Ann, January 24, 1956; David M., November 29, 1956; Dawna, September 1, 1958; Douglas M., October 26, 1960; Kimberly, April 30, 1963; Lisa Christine, March 26, 1970; Daniel Leslie, May 23, 1976.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies are amateur theatricals, play writing, and painting; and he is a swimmer and skier.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Geophysical Union, American Association for Advancement of Science, and Phi Kappa Phi.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1974).EXPERIENCE: Before his selection as an astronaut, he worked at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center as a space physicist. He had been with Goddard since 1964 and was involved in experiments to determine the nature and properties of low-energy particles within the Earth's magnetosphere and interplanetary space. Previous to this, he worked at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California, doing research in pion-nucleon scattering, a type of basic high energy particle interaction.Lind holds the rank of Commander in the U.S. Naval Reserve. He served four years on active duty with the Navy at San Diego and later aboard the carrier USS HANCOCK. He received his wings in 1957.He has logged more than 4,500 hours flying time, including 4,000 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Lind was selected as an astronaut in April 1966.He served as backup science-pilot for Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 (the second and third manned Skylab missions) and as a member of the rescue crew for the Skylab missions.Dr. Lind was a member of the astronaut office's operations missions development group, responsible for developing payloads for the early Space Shuttle orbital flight test (OFT) missions.Dr. Lind was a mission specialist on STS 51-B, the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985. This was the first operational mission of Spacelab. Dr. Lind and the rest of the seven man crew conducted investigations in crystal growth, drop dynamics leading to containerless material processing, atmospheric trace gas spectroscopy, solar and planetary atmospheric simulation, cosmic rays, laboratory animals and human medical monitoring. Dr. Lind developed and conducted an experiment to make unique 3-dimensional video recordings of the earth's aurora. After completing 110 orbits of the earth, the Orbiter Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on May 6, 1985.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Lind is presently assigned technical duties within the Astronaut Office while awaiting another flight assignment.AUGUST 1985</text>
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<text>NAME: George D. "Pinky" Nelson (Ph.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 13, 1950, in Charles City, Iowa; considers Willmar, Minnesota, to be his hometown. His father, Mr. George V. Nelson, lives in Clinton, Iowa.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Willmar Senior High School, Willmar, Minnesota, in 1968; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from Harvey Mudd College in 1972 and a master of science and a doctorate in Astronomy from the University of Washington in 1974 and 1978, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: His wife Susie is from Alhambra, California.CHILDREN: Aimee Tess, April 25, 1972; Marti Ann, February 27, 1975.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys playing golf, reading, swimming, running, and music.SPECIAL HONORS: NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal, NASA Exceptional Service Medal, 3 NASA Space Flight Medals, AIAA Haley Space Flight Award, Federation Aeronautique Internationale's V.M. Komarov Diploma.EXPERIENCE: Dr. Nelson performed astronomical research at the Sacramento Peak Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico; the Astronomical Institute at Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the University of Gottingen Observatory, Gottingen, West Germany, and at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics in Boulder, Colorado.NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Nelson was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. He flew as a scientific equipment operator in the WB 57-F earth resources aircraft; served as the Astronaut Office representative in the Space Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit (space suit) development effort. During STS-l he was the photographer in the prime chase plane. He also served as support crewman and CAPCOM for the last two OFT flights, STS-3 and STS-4, and as head of the Astronaut Office Mission Development Group.Dr. Nelson first flew on STS-41C (April 6-13, 1984). During the seven day flight of Challenger, the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired it on board the Orbiter, and replaced it in orbit. The mission also included flight testing of Manned Maneuvering Units (MMUs) in two extravehicular activities (EVAs), and operation of the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems.He then flew on STS 61-C, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 12, and made a night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on January 18, 1986. During the six day flight of Columbia, the crew deployed the SATCOM KU satellite, and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing.Dr. Nelson then flew on STS-26, the first flight to be flown after the Challenger accident. The Orbiter Discovery was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 29, 1988. During the four day mission, the crew successfully deployed the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C), and operated eleven middeck science experiments.With the completion of his third space flight he has logged a total of 411 hours in space, including 10 hours of EVA flight time.APRIL 1989</text>
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<text> David C. Hilmers, Lt. Col., USMC Clinton, IA ( 1-28-50) BS (Cornell); BSEE (Naval Post. Grad.) STS 51-J,STS-26, STS-36, STS 42</text>
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<text>NAME: David C. Hilmers (Lieutenant Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 28, 1950, in Clinton, Iowa, but considers DeWitt, lowa, to be his hometown. His father, Paul C. Hilmers, lives in Clinton, Iowa, and his mother, Matilda Hilmers, lives in DeWitt, Iowa.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11-1/2 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Central Community High School in DeWitt, Iowa, in 1968; received a bachelor of arts degree in Mathematics (Summa Cum Laude) from Cornell College in 1972, a master of science degree in Electrical Engineering (with distinction) in 1977, and the degree of Electrical Engineer from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Lynn Beneke of Vinton, Iowa. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Leland Beneke, reside in Vinton, Iowa.CHILDREN: Matthew D., September 28, 1976; and Daniel J., August 10, 1979.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys playing the piano, gardening, electronics, spending time with his family, and all types of sports.ORGANIZATIONS: Phi Beta Kappa and Eta Kappa Nu.SPECIAL HONORS: Named Outstanding Scholar-Athlete, Midwest Conference (1971 ); graduated Summa Cum Laude from Cornell College (1972); awarded an NCAA Post-Graduate Fellowship (1972); named to Phi Beta Kappa and named Outstanding Athlete, Cornell College (l972). Recipient of three NASA Exceptional Service Medals, and three NASA Space Flight Medals. Awarded the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal and the Defense Superior Service Medal.EXPERIENCE: Hilmers entered on active duty with the United States Marine Corps in July 1972. On completing Marine Corps Basic School and Naval Flight Officer School, he was assigned to VMA(AW)-121 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina, flying the A-6 Intruder as a bombardier-navigator. In 1975, he became an air liaison officer with the 1st Battalion, 2nd Marines, stationed with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1978 and was later assigned to the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing in Iwakuni, Japan. He was stationed with the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing in El Toro, California, at the time of his selection by NASA.NASA EXPERIENCE: Hilmers was selected a NASA astronaut in July 1980 and completed the initial training period in August 1981. In 1983 he was selected as a member of the "launch ready standby crew." His early NASA assignments have included work on upper stages such as PAM, IUS, and Centaur, as well as Shuttle software verification at the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). In addition, he was the astronaut office training coordinator; worked on various Department of Defense payloads; served as a capsule communicator (CAPCOM) at Mission Control for STS-41D, 41G, 51A, 51C, and 51D; worked Space Station issues for the Astronaut Office; and served as Head of the Mission Development Branch within the Astronaut Office. He has flown three times, on STS-51J, STS-26, and STS-36.In February 1985 he was named to STS-51J, a classified Department of Defense mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 3, 1985. This was the maiden voyage of the Atlantis, the final Orbiter in the Shuttle fleet. As a mission specialist on this flight, he had prime responsibility for a number of on-orbit activities during the mission. After 98 hours of orbital operations, Atlantis landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 7, 1985.In May 1985 he was named to the crew of STS-61F which was to deploy the Ulysses spacecraft on an interplanetary trajectory using a Centaur upper stage. This mission was to have flown in May 1986, but the Shuttle Centaur project was terminated in July 1986. Hilmers then worked in the areas of ascent abort development, payload safety, and shuttle on-board software. During 1987 he was involved in training for STS-26 and in flight software development.Hilmers next flew as a mission specialist on STS-26, the first flight to be flown after the Challenger accident. The Orbiter Discovery was launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 29, 1988. During the four day mission, the crew successfully deployed the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C), which was subsequently carried to orbit by the inertial Upper Stage (IUS) rocket. They also operated eleven middeck experiments. Discovery completed 64 orbits of the earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 3, 1988. Mission duration was 97 hours.More recently, Hilmers was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-36 which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990, aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. This mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 72 orbits of the earth, the STS-36 mission concluded with a lakebed landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 4, 1990, after traveling 1.87 million miles. Mission duration was 106 hours.With the completion of his third space flight, Hilmers has logged a total of 301 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Hilmers is currently in training as a mission specialist for the International Microgravity Laboratory Mission (IML-1). STS-42 is a Spacelab Module flight and is currently scheduled for launch in early 1992. On this mission, he will be participating in a wide variety of scientific experiments as a part of the Spacelab payload crew.JUNE 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Walter CunninghamBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 16, 1932, in Creston, Iowa. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Walter W. Cunningham, reside in Venice, California.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 165 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Venice High School, Venice, California; received a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors in Physics in 1960 and a Master of Arts degree in Physics in 1961 from the University of California at Los Angeles; has completed work at UCLA on doctorate in Physics with exception of thesis. Advanced Management Program, Harvard Graduate School of Business, 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Lo Ella Irby of Norwalk, California.CHILDREN: Brian, September 12, 1960; Kimberly, February 12, 1963.OTHER ACTIVITIES: He is an avid sports enthusiast and is particularly interested in hunting, tennis, and sports.ORGANIZATIONS: Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Fellow of the American Astronautical Society; member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots; the American Geophysical Union; Explorers Club; Sigma Pi Sigma, and Sigma Xi. Chairman of UCLA Alumni Fund Drive, 1969 and 1970; member of Steering Committee of the Aviation Subcommittee of the Houston Chamber of Commerce, and a Member of Houston American Revolution Bicentennial Commission. Director of University Savings Association, Houston, Texas. Director of Nitron Inc., Cupertino, California.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Exceptional Service Medal and Navy Astronaut Wings; corecipient of the AIAA 1969 Haley Astronautics Award; and presented the UCLA Alumni Professional Achievement Award for 1969 and the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Special Trustee Award (1969); the American Legion Medal of Valor, and Outstanding American Award of the American Conservative Union, 1975.EXPERIENCE: Cunningham joined the Navy in 1951 and began his flight training in 1952. In 1953 he joined a Marine squadron and served on active duty with the United States Marine Corps until August 1956 and in the Marine Corps Reserve program until 1975. His present rank is Colonel USMCR (Retired).He worked as a scientist for the RAND Corporation prior to joining NASA. While with RAND, he worked on classified defense studies and problems of the earth's magnetosphere.He has accumulated more than 4,500 hours of flying time, including more than 3,400 in jet aircraft and 260 hours in space.Mr. Cunningham was one of the third group of astronauts selected by NASA in October 1963.On October 11, 1968, he occupied the lunar module pilot seat for the eleven-day flight of Apollo 7, the first manned flight test of the third generation United States spacecraft. With Walter M. Schirra, Jr., and Donn F. Eisele, Cunningham participated in and executed maneuvers enabling the crew to perform exercises in transposition and docking, and lunar orbit rendezvous with the S-IVB stage of their Saturn IB launch vehicle; completed eight successful test and maneuvering ignitions of the service module propulsion engine; measured the accuracy of performance of all spacecraft systems; and provided the first effective television transmissions of on-board crew activities.The 260-hour, 4 1/2 million mile shakedown flight was successfully concluded on October 22, 1968, with splashdown occurring in the Atlantic,some eight miles from the carrier ESSEX (only 3/10 of a mile from the originally predicted aiming point).Mr. Cunningham's last assignment at the Johnson Space Center was Chief of the Skylab Branch of the Flight Crew Directorate. In this capacity he was responsible for the operational inputs for five separate major pieces of manned space hardware and two different boosters that comprised the Skylab program. The Skylab program utilized the first manned systems employing arrays for electrical power, molecular sieves for environmental control systems, and inertia storage devices for attitude control systems.Mr. Cunningham is presently the sole principal in the Capital Group, a private investment banking firm headquartered in Houston, Texas.</text>
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<text>NAME: Loren J. Shriver (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 23, 1944, in Jefferson, Iowa, but considers Paton, Iowa to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Darrell R. Shriver, still reside in Paton, Iowa.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Paton Consolidated High School, Paton, Iowa, in 1962; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the United States Air Force Academy in 1967 and a master of science degree in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University in 1968.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Susan Diane Hane of Paton, Iowa. Her father is deceased; her mother resides near Jefferson, Iowa.CHILDREN: Camilla Marie, July15, 1969; Melinda Sue, September 27, 1970; Jered Loren, December 19, 1973; Rebecca Hane, January 24, 1977.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies are softball, running and exercising, camping, backpacking, and sailboarding.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the Air Force Association; life member of the Air Force Academy Association of Graduates and the Air Force Academy Athletic Association; and member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.SPECIAL HONORS: Received the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, the Air Force Commendation Medal, 2 Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards, and the National Defense Service Medal; named High School Class Valedictorian, a USAF Academy Distinguished Graduate, a USAF Pilot Training Distinguished Graduate, a Squadron Officer's School Distinguished Graduate, and the USAF Test Pilot School Distinguished Graduate; recipient of the F-4 Combat Crew Training Academic Award.EXPERIENCE: Shriver was commissioned in 1967 upon graduation from the USAF Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and subsequently attended graduate school for one year at Purdue University. From 1969 to 1973, he served as a T-38 academic instructor pilot at Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma. He completed F-4 combat crew training at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida, in 1973, and was then assigned to an overseas tour in Thailand until October 1974. In 1975, he attended the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and upon completion of this training was assigned to the 6512th Test Squadron at Edwards. He has completed Air Force Squadron Officer's School and the Air Command and Staff College correspondence course of study.In 1976, Shriver began serving as a test pilot for the F-15 Joint Test Force at Edwards Air Force Base. He has participated in the Air Force development test and evaluation of the F-15 fighter aircraft and has participated in or conducted several follow-on systems tests on the same aircraft. He also took part in the Air Force development test and evaluation of the T-38 lead-in fighter. Shriver has been contributing author on six technical reports for these various programs.He has flown in 30 different types of single- and multi-engine civilian and military fixed-wing and helicopter aircraft, has logged over 5,000 hours in jet aircraft, and holds commercial pilot and private glider ratings.NASA EXPERIENCE: Shriver was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. In August 1979, he completed a one year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. In September of 1982, he was selected as pilot for the first Department of Defense mission, ST5-10. That mission was later canceled.Shriver was pilot of STS-51C which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on January 24, 1985. He was accompanied by Captain Thomas K. Mattingly (spacecraft commander), Colonel James F. Buchli and Lieutenant Colonel Ellison S. Onizuka (mission specialists), and Lieutenant Colonel Gary E. Payton (DOD payload specialist). STS- 51C performed its DOD mission which included deployment of a modified Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) vehicle from the Space Shuttle Discovery. Landing occurred on January 27, 1985, after slightly more than 3 days in orbit.More recently, Shriver was spacecraft commander of the STS-31 crew, which launched on April 24, 1990, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Crewmembers aboard Space Shuttle Discovery included Col. Charles F. Bolden (pilot), and Capt. Bruce McCandless, Dr. Steven A Hawley, and Dr. Kathryn D. Sullivan (mission specialists). During this 5-day mission, crewmembers deployed the Hubble Space Telescope, and conducted a variety of middeck experiments involving the study of protein crystal growth, polymer membrane processing, and the effects of weightlessness and magnetic fields on an ion arc. They also operated a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for earth observations from their record setting altitude of 380 miles. Following 76 orbits of the earth in 121 hours, STS-31 Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 29, 1990.With the completion of his second mission, Shriver has logged over 194 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Colonel Shriver is assigned to command the crew of STS-46. This seven day mission will feature the deployment of the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA), an ESA-sponsored free-flying science platform, and will also demonstrate the Tethered Satellite System (TSS), a joint project between NASA and the Italian Space Agency. STS-46 is scheduled for launch in the Summer of 1992.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Thomas D. (Tom) Akers (Major, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 20, 1951, in St. Louis, Missouri, but raised and educated in his hometown of Eminence, Missouri. His mother, Mrs. Arlie Akers Randolph, resides in Eminence. His father, Mr. Walter Akers, is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Eminence High School, Eminence, Missouri, in1969; received bachelor and master of science degrees in Applied Mathematics from the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1973 and 1975, respectively.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Kaye Lynn Parker of Eminence, Missouri. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Don Parker, reside in Eminence.CHILDREN: David Allen, December 29, 1976; Jessica Marie, June 10, 1980.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys hunting, fishing, softball, basketball, and spending time with his family.SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, Commendation Medal, and AchievementMedal. Named a distinguished graduate from the Air Force Officer Training School, Squadron Officer School, and Test Pilot School.EXPERIENCE: Akers was a National Park Ranger at Alley Springs, Missouri, during the summer seasons from 1972 through 1975. After graduating from the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1975, he spent four years as the High School Principal in his hometown of Eminence. Joining the Air Force in 1979, his first assignment after Officer Training School, was to Eglin AFB, Florida, as an air-to-air missile data analyst with the 4484th Fighter Weapons Squadron. In 1982 he was selected to attend the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards AFB, California. On completing one year of training as a flight test engineer, he was assigned to the Armament Division at Eglin AFB, Florida, in 1983, where he worked on a variety of weapons development programs, flying F-4 and T-38 aircraft with the 3247th Test Squadron. He was serving as the Executive Officer to the Armament Division's Deputy Commander for Research, Development and Acquisition when selected for the astronaut program.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1987, Akers became an astronaut in August 1988, qualifying for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. He has served as the astronaut office focal point for Space Shuttle software development and as an astronaut representative during Shuttle software testing in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). He presently supports launch activities at the Kennedy Space Center.Akers flew as a mission specialist on STS-41 from 6-10 October, 1990. Responsible for this mission's primary payload, the Ulysses spacecraft, he and the STS-41 crew successfully deployed this interplanetary probe and started it on its four year journey via Jupiter to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. During 66 orbits of the earth the crew also operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone levels, activated a controlled "fire in space" experiment (the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE)), and conducted numerous other middeck experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer membrane production and microgravity effects on plants. Mission duration was 98 hours 10 minutes.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Major Akers is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-49, scheduled for launch in May 1992. During this mission, crew members will attach a new booster and redeploy the Intelsat satellite, and Akers will perform one of three EVAs (spacewalks) as part of an extensive test of EVA techniques to be employed during Space Station assembly.JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Robert C. Springer (Colonel, USMC) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 21,1942, in St Louis, Missouri, but considers Ashland, Ohio, to be his hometown. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Walter Springer, reside in Ashland.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet 1/2 inch; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Ashland High School, Ashland, Ohio, in 1960; received a bachelor of science degree in Naval Science from the United States Naval Academy in 1964 and a master of science in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1971.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former "Molly" (Mary) M. McCoy of Parma, Ohio. Her father, Mr. James McCoy, resides in Seabrook, Texas; her mother is deceased.CHILDREN: Chad, August 12, 1970; Kira, February 12, 1972; and Derek, December 1, 1976.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys long-distance running, tennis, golf, and windsurfing.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Marine Corps Aviation Association, and the United States Naval Academy Alumni Association; past member of the Operations Research Society and the Military Operations Research Society; named one of the Jaycee's Outstanding Young Men in America in 1977.SPECIAL HONORS: Navy Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star, Air Medal (21st award), Navy Commendation Medal (2nd award), Navy Achievement Medal, NASA Space Flight Medal, Combat Action Ribbon, Presidential Unit Citation, Navy Unit Citation, and various Vietnam Campaign ribbons and service awards.EXPERIENCE: Springer received a commission in the United States Marine Corps following graduation from Annapolis in 1964. He attended the Marine Corps Basic School at Quantico, Virginia, before reporting to the Navy Air Training Command for flight training at Pensacola, Florida, and Beeville, Texas. Upon receiving his aviator wings in August 1966, he was assigned to VMFA-513 at the Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, where he flew F-4 aircraft. He was subsequently assigned to VMFA-115 at Chu Lai in the Republic of Vietnam, where he flew F-4s and completed 300 combat missions. In June 1968, he served as an advisor to the Republic of Korea Marine Corps in Vietnam and flew 250 combat missions in O1 "Bird Dogs" and UH1 "Huey" helicopters. Springer returned to the United States later that year to attend the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and in March 1971, he reported to the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing at El Toro, California, for an assignment as wing operations analysis officer. He flew UH1 E "Huey's" in 1972 while with HML-267 at Camp Pendleton, California, and then went to Okinawa to fly " Huey's" with HML-367, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing. Springer flew F-4 "Phantoms" as an aircraft maintenance officer with VMFA-451 in Beaufort, South Carolina, and also attended Navy Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun). A 1975 graduate of the U. S. Navy Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, he served as Head of the Ordnance Systems Branch and as a test pilot for more than 20 different types of fixed- and rotary-winged aircraft. In this capacity he performed the first flights in the AHIT helicopter. He graduated from the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1978, and, assigned to Headquarters Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, assumed responsibility for joint operational planning for Marine Forces in NATO and the Mid-East. He was serving as aide-de-camp for the Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, when advised of his selection by NASA.He has logged more than 4,500 hours flying time, including 3,500 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1980, Springer became an astronaut in August 1981. His technical assignments have included support crew for STS-3, concept development studies for the Space Operations Center, and the coordination of various aspects of the final development of the Remote Manipulator System for operational use. He worked in the Mission Control Center as Orbit CAPCOM for 7 flights in 1984 and 1985.Springer was responsible for astronaut office coordination of Design Requirements Reviews (DRR) and Design Certification Reviews (DCR). These review efforts encompassed the total recertification and reverification of the NSTS prior to STS-26 return to flight status.Springer was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-29, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, aboard the Orbiter Discovery, on March 13, 1989. During 80 orbits of the earth on this highly successful five- day mission, the crew deployed a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite and performed numerous secondary experiments, including a Space Station "heat pipe" radiator experiment, two student experiments, a protein crystal growth experiment, and a chromosome and plant cell division experiment. In addition, the crew took over 4,000 photographs of the earth using several types of cameras, including the IMAX 70 mm movie camera. Mission duration was 119 hours and concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 18, 1989.More recently Springer served as a mission specialist on STS-38. The five-man crew launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 15, 1990. During the five day mission crewmembers conducted Department of Defense operations. After 80 orbits of the earth, in the first Shuttle recovery in Florida since 1985, Space Shuttle Atlantis and her crew landed back at the Kennedy Space Center on November 20, 1990. With the completion of his second mission, Springer has logged over 237 hours in space.NOVEMBER 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: John M. Fabian (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 28, 1939, in Goosecreek, Texas, but considers Pullman, Washington, to be his hometown. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Felix M. Fabian, Sr., reside in Longview, Texas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 6 feet 1 inch; weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Pullman High School, Pullman, Washington, in 1957; received a bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Washington State University in 1962; a master of science in Aerospace Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Techno!ogy in 1964; and a doctorate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the University of Washington in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Donna Kay Buboltz of Spokane, Washington; her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ted Buboltz, are residents of Seattle, Washington.CHILDREN: Michael K., August 6, 1962; Amy L., November 15, 1965.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys skiing, stamp collecting, and jogging.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Tau, Phi Sigma Kappa, the Order of Daedalians, and the Boy Scouts of America.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded Air Force Astronaut Wings; NASA Space Flight Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster; Federation Aeronautique Internationale - Komarov Diploma; an Air Force Meritorious Service Medal; an Air Medal with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters; an Air Force Commendation Medal; the Washington State University Sloan Engineering Award (1961); the Air Training Command Academic Training Award (1966); the Squadron Officer School Commandant's Trophy (1968); the Squadron Officer School Chief of Staff Award (1968); the Washington State University Distinguished Alumnus Award (1983); and the Washington State Service to Humanity Award (1983).EXPERIENCE: Fabian, an Air Force ROTC student at Washington State University, was commissioned upon graduation in 1962. After an assignment at the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, he was assigned as an aeronautics engineer in the service engineering division, San Antonio Air Materiel Area, Kelly Air Force Base, Texas. He then attended flight training at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, and subsequently spent 5 years as a KC-135 pilot at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan. He saw action in Southeast Asia, flying 90 combat missions. Following additional graduate work at the University of Washington, he served four years on the faculty of the Aeronautics Department at the USAF Academy in Colorado.He has logged 4,000 hours flying time, including 3,400 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, Fabian became an astronaut in August 1979. During the following years, he worked extensively on satellite deployment and retrieval activities, including the development of the Canadian Remote Manipulator System.Fabian first flew as a mission specialist on STS-7, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, onJune 18, 1983. He was accompanied by Capt. Robert Crippen (mission commander), Capt. Rick Hauck(pilot), and fellow mission specialists Dr. Sally Ride and Dr. Norm Thagard. This was the second flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a 5-person crew. 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Daniel Brandenstein (mission commander), Cdr. John Creighton (pilot), fellow mission specialists Lt. Col. Steve Nagel and Dr. Shannon Lucid, and payload specialists Lt. Col. Patrick Baudry (France) and Prince Sultan Salman Al-Saud (Saudi Arabia). This international crew deployed communications satellites for Mexico (Morelos), the Arab League (Arabsat), and the United States (AT&T Telstar). They used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to deploy and later retrieve the SPARTAN satellite which performed 17 hours of x-ray astronomy experiments while separated from the Space Shuttle. 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<text>NAME: Kenneth D. Cockrell NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 9, 1950, in Austin, Texas. His parents, Dale and Jewell Cockrell, reside in Westminster, South Carolina.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 8 inches; weight: 140 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Rockdale High School, Rockdale, Texas, in 1968; received a bachelor of science degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Texas in 1972, and a master of science degree in Aeronautical Systems from the University of West Florida in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Joan Denice Raines of Houston, Texas. Her parents, Leon and Rosemary Raines, reside in Houston.CHILDREN: Madeline Rebecca,January 1, 1990.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys sport flying, snow skiing, water skiing, tennis, and is building an aerobatic biplane.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP).SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Navy Commendation Medal, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, and theHumanitarian Service Medal. Received the Alcoa Foundation Scholarship upon graduating from High School .EXPERIENCE: Cockrell received his commission through the Naval Aviation Reserve Officer Candidate program at NAS Pensacola, Florida, in December 1972. He was designated a Naval Aviator in August 1974 at NAS Pensacola. Following type training in the A-7 aircraft, he flew the Corsair 11 from 1975 to 1978 aboard the USS Midway in the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans. In 1978 he reported to the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland. After graduation in 1979, he remained at the Naval Air Test Center conducting a variety of flight tests on the A-4, A-7, F-4, and F/A-18 aircraft through mid-1982. He then reported to Naval Station, San Diego, for duty as a staff officer for the Commander of the USS Ranger and subsequently the USS Kitty Hawk Battle Groups. Cockrell was then assigned as a pilot in an operational F/A-18 squadron and made two cruises on the USS Constellation in 1985 and 1987. He resigned his commission in 1987 and accepted a position at the Aircraft Operations Division of the Johnson Space Center. Cockrell is a Commander in the U.S. Naval Reserve.He has logged over 4,900 flying hours and 650 carrier landings.NASA EXPERIENCE: From November l987 to July 1990, Cockrell worked as an Aerospace Engineer & ResearchPilot at Ellington Field, Houston. He was an instructor pilot and functional check pilot in NASA T-38 aircraft. He conducted air sampling and other high altitude research while piloting the WB-57, and was an aircraft commander in the Gulfstream I administrative transport aircraft.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Cockrell became an Astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and is currently assigned technical duties in the Astronaut Office Operations Development Branch, working on landing, rollout, tires and brakes issues.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Bernard A. Harris, Jr., (M.D.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 26, 1956, in Temple, Texas. His mother, Mrs. Gussie H. Burgess, and his stepfather, Mr. Joe Roye Burgess, reside in San Antonio, Texas. His father, Mr. Bernard A. Harris, Sr., resides in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; brown eyes; height: 6 feet 3 inches; weight: 205 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Sam Houston High School, San Antonio, Texas, in 1974; received a bachelor of science degree in Biology from University of Houston in 1978, a doctorate of Medicine from Texas Tech University School of Medicine in 1982. Dr. Harris completed a residency in internal medicine at the Mayo Clinic in 1985. In addition, he completed a National Research Council Fellowship at NASA Ames Research Center in 1987, and training as a flight surgeon at the Aerospace School of Medicine, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, Texas, in 1988.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Sandra Fay Lewis of Sunnyvale, California. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joe Reed, reside in Sunnyvale.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys flying, sailing, skiing, running, scuba diving, art, and music.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Aerospace Medicine Association, National Medical Association, American Medical Association, Texas Medical Association, Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society, Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Texas Tech University Alumni Association, and Mayo Clinic Alumni Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Who's Who Among Rising Young Americans Citation, Certificate of Merit, Governor ofTexas 1990. City of San Antonio Citation for Achievement 1990. NASA Sustained Superior Performance Award 1989. NASA Outstanding Performance Rating 1988. NASA Sustained Superior Performance Award 1988. National Research Council Fellowship 1986, 1987. Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society 1985. Outstanding Young Men of America 1984. Achievement Award 1974.EXPERIENCE: After completing his residency training in 1985 at the Mayo Clinic, Dr. Harris then completed aNational Research Council Fellowship at the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California. While at Ames he conducted research in the field of musculoskeletal physiology, and disuse osteoporosis, completing his fellowship in 1987. He then joined NASA Johnson Space Center as a Clinical Scientist and Flight Surgeon. His duties included clinical investigations of space adaptation and the development of countermeasures for extended duration space flight. Assigned to the Medical Science Division, he held the title of Project Manager, Exercise Countermeasure Project. Dr. Harris holds several faculty appointments. He is an Assistant Professor at the Baylor College of Medicine; a Clinical Professor at the University of Texas School of Medicine; and is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Texas School of Public Health. He is the author and coauthor of numerous scientific publications. In addition, Dr. Harris has been in group medical practice in Internal Medicine with both the South Texas Primary Care in San Antonio, Texas, and with the San Jose Medical Group in San Jose, California. Dr. Harris is also a licensed private pilot.Selected by NASA in January 1990, Dr. Harris became an astronaut in July 1991. He is qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews, and presently is the crew representative for Shuttle Software in the Astronaut Office Operations Development Branch.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Harris is assigned as a mission specialist on STS-55, Spacelab D-2, currently scheduled for launch in early 1993.AUGUST 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: John O. Creighton (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April 28, 1943, in Orange, Texas, but considers Seattle, Washington, to be his hometown. His mother, Mrs. C. Alberta Creighton, resides in Seattle, Washington.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 160 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Ballard High School, Seattle, Washington, in 1961; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1966 and a master of science in Administration of Science and Technology from George Washington University in 1978.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Terry Stanford of Little Rock, Arkansas. Her parents, Helen and Jim Stanford, reside in Stone Mountain, Arkansas.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys skiing and tennis.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded 10 Air Medals, the Navy Commendation Medal, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry, and the U.S. Space Flight Medal.EXPERIENCE: Creighton started flight training following graduation from Annapolis and received his wings inOctober 1967. He was with VF-154 from July 1968 to May 1970, flying F-4J's, and made two combat deployments to Vietnam aboard the USS RANGER (CVA-61). From June 1970 to February 1971, he attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Patuxent River, Maryland, and upon graduation was assigned as a project test pilot with the Service Test Division at the Naval Air Station Patuxent River. During this two year tour of duty, he served as the F-14 engine development project officer. In July 1973, Creighton began a four year assignment with VF-2 and became a member of the first F-14 operational squadron, completing two deployments aboard the USS ENTERPRISE (CVN-65) to the Western Pacific. He returned to the United States in July 1977 and was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Strike Directorate as operations officer and F-14 program manager. He has logged over 5,000 hours flying time, the majority of it in jet fighters, and has completed 500 carrier landings and 175 combat missions.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, Creighton became an astronaut in August 1979. During the following four years he held a variety of technical assignments in support of the Space Shuttle Program.Creighton was pilot on the crew of STS-51G, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 17, 1985. During the mission the crew deployed communications satellites for Mexico (Morelos), the Arab League (Arabsat), and the United States (AT&T Telstar). They used the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to deploy and later retrieve the SPARTAN satellite which performed 17 hours of x-ray astronomy experiments while separated from the Space Shuttle. In addition, the crew activated the Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF), six Getaway Specials, participated in biomedical experiments, and conducted a laser tracking experiment as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative. After completing 112 earth orbits, STS-51G Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1985. With the completion of this flight Creighton logged 170 hours in space.Following his flight, Creighton became the astronaut representative to the Shuttle Program Manager. During the ensuing two years, Creighton participated in all the key decisions following the Challenger disaster helping to shape the plan for resuming safe manned space flight. Starting with STS-26, Creighton served as Lead "CAPCOM" for the first four Space Shuttle flights. In March 1989 he was assigned to command STS-36, but continued to serve as Head of the Mission Support Branch in the Astronaut Office until commencing full-time training for his upcoming flight.Captain Creighton and his crew launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990, aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The STS-36 mission carried DOD payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 72 orbits of the earth and traveling 1.87 million miles, the STS-36 mission concluded with a lakebed landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 4, 1990.Mission duration was 106 hours.With the completion of his second space flight, he has logged a total of 276 hours in space.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Creighton is assigned to command the crew of STS-48. This mission is scheduled for launch in November 1991 and will feature the deployment of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).JANUARY 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: Elliot M. See, Jr. NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Dallas, Texas, July 23, 1927.EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science degree, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy; Master of Science degree in engineering, University of California at Los Angeles.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Marilyn J. Denahy of Georgetown, Ohio.CHILDREN: Sally, February 22, 1956; Carolyn, November 16, 1957; David, August 12, 1962.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Society of Experimental Test Pilots; Associate Fellow of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.EXPERIENCE: Naval aviator from 1953 to 1956.General Electric Company from 1949 to 1953, and 1956 to 1962 as a flight test engineer, group leader, and experimental test pilot. Served as project pilot of J79-8 engine development program in connection with F4H aircraft. Conducted powerplant flight tests on the J-47, J-73, J-79, CJ805 and CJ805 aft-fan engines. This work involved flying in F-86, XF4D, F-104, FllF-lF, RB-66, F4H, and T-38 aircraft.He has logged more than 3,900 hours flying time, including more than 3,300 hours in jet aircraft.See was selected as an astronaut in the group named in September 1962. He participated in all phases of the astronaut training program and was selected as the pilot of the backup crew for the Gemini 5 flight, and the command pilot for the Gemini 9 flight. He and Major Charles A. Bassett, the pilot for the Gemini 9 flight, were killed on February 28, 1966, during an instrument landing approach at McDonnell Aircraft Corporation's St. Louis plant.MARCH 1966</text>
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<text>NAME: Edward Galen Givens, Jr. (Major, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born January 5, 1930, in Quanah, Texas; his parents, Mr. and Mrs. E. G. Givens, are residents of Quanah.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 11 1/2 inches; weight: 170 pounds.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Ada Eva Muuss of Bedford, Massachusetts.CHILDREN: Catherine H., April 11, 1963; Edward G., June l2, 1964.EDUCATION: Graduated from Quanah High School, Quanah, Texas; received a bachelor of science degree in naval sciences from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1952.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the "Outstanding Graduate Certificate" from the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School in 1958.EXPERIENCE: Givens, an Air Force Major, was commissioned in the Air Force upon graduating from Annapolis in 1952 and received his flight training as a student pilot at the USAF Air Training Command. In 1954 he was a flight commander and fighter pilot with the 35th Fighter Interceptor Group on duty in Japan. He served as an instructor at the Air Force Interceptor Weapons School from January 1956 to March 1958 and subsequently attended the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, where upon graduation, he became an instructor in the Stability and Control Section.His next assignment took him to the Naval Air Station, Point Mugu, California, where he was a project pilot with Air Development Squadron 4. While there, he not only conducted operational evaluations, but was responsible for compiling and developing the operational procedures and tactics for fleet operation of the F8U-ZN.He served as Assistant to the Commandant at the USAFExperimental Flight Test Pilot School from November 1961 to September 1962 and then attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School, where he graduated in 1963. When informed of his selection for astronaut training, he was assigned as Project Officer with USAF SSD Detachment 2 at the Manned Spacecraft Center.He has logged more than 3,500 hours flight time; 2,800 hours in jet aircraft.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Major Givens is one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He is currently involved in training for future manned space flights.July 1966 Died June 1967 (car accident).</text>
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<text>NAME: Donald Lee Holmquest (MD, PhD)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Dallas, Texas, on April 7, 1939; his mother, Mrs. Sidney B. Holmquest, resides in Dallas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 135 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended Roger Q. Mills Elementary School and is a 1957 graduate of W. H. Anderson High School in Dallas, Texas; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University in 1962 and Doctorates in Medicine and Physiology from Baylor University in 1967 and 1968, respectively. Has completed specialty training in Nuclear Medicine and is a Diplomate of the American Board of Nuclear Science.MARITAL STATUS: Married to Dr. Ann Nixon James, formerly from Floyd, Virginia.CHILDREN: Hilary Catherine, August 24, 1970.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys skiing and handball.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, American College of Nuclear Physicians, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentatlon. Dr. Holmquest holds a faculty appointment as Visiting Professor of Physiology at Baylor College of Medicine, and works in the private practice of Nuclear Medicine.EXPERIENCE: When selected for the astronaut program, Dr. Holmquest was serving an internship at Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas. For four years he was a Research Associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He logged 750 hours flying time in jet aircraft prior to resigning from NASA.Dr. Holmquest was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. After completing initial academic training and a 53-week course in flight training at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, he worked on Skylab habitability systems and medical experiments for a period of 1 1/2 years. After an academic leave of absence for the purpose of pursuing medical research and further training in nuclear medicine and after a year at the Eisenhower Medical Center, he assumed the position as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in the new College of Medicine at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. He now practices medicine on a full-time basis.</text>
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<text>NAME: William F. Fisher (M.D.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born April1,1946, in Dallas, Texas. His parents, retired Air Force Colonel and Mrs. Russell F. Fisher, reside in Winter Park, Florida.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight: 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from North Syracuse Central High School, North Syracuse, New York, in 1964; received a bachelor of arts from Stanford University in 1968, and a doctorate of Medicine from the University of Florida in 1975. He did graduate work in biology at the University of Florida from 1969 to 1971; and did graduate work in Engineering at the University of Houston from 1978 to 1980.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Anna L. Tingle of St. Albans, New York. Her mother, Mrs. Elfreide Tingle, resides in San Pedro, California. Her father, Mr. Riley F. Tingle, is deceased.CHILDREN: Kristin Anne, July 29,1983; Kara Lynne, January 10,1989.ORGANIZATIONS: Diplomate of the American Board of Emergency Medicine and a member of the American College of Emergency Physicians.SPECIAL HONORS: American Astronautical Society Victor A. Prather Award for Outstanding Achievement in the field of Extravehicular Activity (1985), the FAI Komarov Diploma (1985), the NASA Space Flight Medal (1985), and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1988). Dr. Fisher has also received Group Achievement Awards for EMU and MMU Development (1983), and for Payload Assist Module (PAM) Software Development and Vehicle Integration (1983). In 1986 he was named an ad hoc member of the U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, and was appointed a member of the NASA Medicine Policy Board in 1987.EXPERIENCE: After medical school, Dr. Fisher completed a surgical residency from 1975 to 1977 at UCLA's Harbor General Hospital in Torrance, California. He entered private practice in emergency medicine from 1977 to 1980, while serving as an instructor in medicine at the University of South Florida. Dr. Fisher is currently practicing emergency medicine at a hospital in the greater Houston area in conjunction with his astronaut duties.He has logged over 2,000 hours in prop, rotary-wing, jet aircraft and spacecraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1980, Dr. Fisher became an astronaut in August 1981. His technical assignments to date include: scientific equipment operator for high altitude research on the WB57-F aircraft (1980-1981); astronaut medical support for the first four Shuttle missions (1980-1982); astronaut office representative for Extravehicular Mobility Unit (spacesuit) and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) procedures and development, including thermal vacuum testing of the suit (1981-1984); astronaut office representative for the Payload Assist Module (PAM-D) procedures and development (1982-1983); astronaut office representative for Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) development (1983); support crewman for STS-8; CAPCOM for STS-8 and STS-9; Remote Manipulator System (RMS) hardware and software development team (1983); Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) development team (1983); Deputy Director of NASA Government-furnished and Contractor-furnished Equipment (1982-1983); Chief of Astronaut Public Appearances (1985-1987); and Head, Astronaut Office Space Station Manned Systems Division, and Health Maintenance Facility (1987 - present).Dr. Fisher was a mission specialist on the crew of STS 51-I, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 27, 1985. The mission was acknowledged as the most successful Space Shuttle mission yet flown. The crew on board the Orbiter Discovery deployed three communications satellites, the Navy SYNCOM IV-4, the Australian AUSSAT, and American Satellite Company's ASC-l. They also performed a successful on-orbit rendezvous with the ailing 15,400 lb SYNCOM IV-3 satellite, and two EVAs (space walks) by Dr. Fisher and Dr. van Hoften to repair it, including the longest spacewalk in history. Discovery completed 112 orbits of the Earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 3, 1985.With the completion of this flight Dr. Fisher has logged over 170 hours in space, including 11 hours and 52 minutes of Extravehicular Activity.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: In addition to training for future space flight, Dr. Fisher currently serves as the Astronaut Office representative on space crew selection and retention standards for Space Station.FEBRUARY 1989</text>
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<text>NAME: Richard M. Mullane (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 10,1945, in Wichita Falls,Texas, but considers Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be his hometown. His mother, Mrs. Hugh J. Mullane, resides in Albuquerque; his father is deceased.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Gray hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet10 inches;weight: 150 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from St. Pius X Catholic High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1963; received a bachelor of science degree in Military Engineering from the United States Military Academy in 1967; and awarded a master of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1975.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Donna Marie Sei of Albuquerque, New Mexico, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Sei.CHILDREN: Patrick Joseph and Amy Michele, March 5, 1968; Laura Ann, February 19, 1971.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys backpacking, skiing, and running.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Air Force Association.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded 6 Air Medals, the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross, Meritorious Service Medal, Vietnam Campaign Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal, and Air Force Commendation Medal, and NASA Space Flight Medal; named a Distinguished Graduate of the USAF Navigator Training School (and recipient of its Commander's Trophy), the USAF Institute of Technology, and the USAF Test Pilot School.EXPERIENCE: Mullane, an Air Force Colonel, graduated from West Point in 1967. He completed 150 combat missions as an RF-4C weapon system operator while stationed at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Vietnam, from January to November 1969. He subsequently served a 4-year tour of duty in England. In July 1976, upon completing the USAF Flight Test Engineer Course at Edwards Air Force Base, California, he was assigned as a flight test weapon system operator to the 3246th Test Wing at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida.NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in January 1978, Mullane became an astronaut in August 1979. He has flown on three Space Shuttle missions, serving as a mission specialist on the crew of STS-41 D in August 1984, on STS-27 in December 1988, and on STS-36 in March 1990.On his first mission, Mullane served on the crew of STS-41D which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1984. This was the maiden flight of the Orbiter Discovery. During this 7-day mission the crew successfully activated the OAST-1 solar cell wing experiment, deployed three satellites, operated the CFES-III experiment, the student crystal growth experiment, and photography experiments using the IMAX motion picture camera. STS-41D completed 96 orbits of the earth in 145 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1984.Mullane then flew aboard the Orbiter Atlantis on STS-27, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on December 2, 1988. The mission carried a DOD payload, as well as a number of secondary payloads. After 68 orbits of the earth, the mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 6, 1988. Mission duration was 105 hours.On his third flight, Mullane served on the crew of STS-36 which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990, aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. This mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 72 orbits of the earth, the STS-36 mission concluded with a lakebed landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 4,1990.With the completion of his third space flight, Mullane has logged a total of 356 hours in space.Colonel Mullane has announced his intention to retire from NASA and the Air Force, effective August 1, 1990, and plans to return to his hometown of Albuquerque, New Mexico.MARCH 1990</text>
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<text>NAME: John E. Blaha (Colonel, USAF) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 26, 1942 in San Antonio, Texas. His mother, Mrs. Frances E. Blaha, resides in San Antonio. His father was the late Colonel Elmer C. Blaha, USAF.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches;weight: 175 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Granby High School in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1960; received a bachelor of science in Engineering Science from the United States Air Force Academy in 1965; and received a master of science in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University in 1966.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Brenda I. Walters of St Louis, Missouri. Her mother, Mrs. Del la Walters, resides in Phoenix, Arizona. Her father, Mr. Henderson Walters, is deceased.CHILDREN: James H., February 11, 1966; Steven A., December 6, 1969; and Carolyn A., July 26, 1973.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys golf and tennis.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the Air Force Academy Association of Graduates, the Purdue Alumni Association, and the Association of Space Explorers.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Defense Superior Service medal, the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross,the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, 3 Meritorious Service Medals, 18 Air Medals, an Air Force Commendation Medal, the British Air Force Cross, the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry, the Purdue Engineering Astronaut Alumnus Award, the NASA Exceptional Service Award, and 2 NASA Space Flight Medals. Outstanding Pilot, F-4 Combat Crew Training. Outstanding Junior Officer of the Year, 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing. Distinguished Graduate Air Force Test Pilot School. Distinguished Graduate Air Command and Staff College.EXPERIENCE: Blaha received his pilot wings at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, in 1967. He was subsequently assigned as an operational pilot flying F-4, F-102, F-106, and A-37 aircraft (completing 361 combat missions in Vietnam).He attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, in 1971, and piloted the NF-104 research aircraft to 104,400 feet. Following graduation, he served as an F-104 instructor pilot at the test pilot school, teaching low lift-to-drag approach, zoom, performance, stability/control, and spin flight test techniques.In 1973 he was assigned as a test pilot working with the Royal Air Force at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, Boscombe Down, United Kingdom. During his 3-year tour, he flew stability/control, performance, spin, and weapons delivery flight tests in the Jaguar, Buccaneer, Hawk, and Jet Provost aircraft.He returned to the United States in 1976 to attend the USAF Air Command and Staff College. After graduation, he was assigned to work for the Assistant Chief of Staff, Studies and Analyses, at Headquarters USAF in the Pentagon. During this tour, he presented F-15 and F-16 study results to Department of Defense, State Department, and congressional staffs.He has logged 5,500 hours of flying time in 34 different aircraft.He has written numerous technical articles on spacecraft performance and control.NASA EXPERIENCE: Col. Blaha was selected as an astronaut in May 1980. He was assigned to the Space Shuttle ascent/entry development team, and led the design, development, and integration of the Orbiter Head Up Display System.In 1983 and 1984, Col. Blaha worked as an ascent, orbit, planning, and entry Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in the Mission Control Center for seven Shuttle flights. He was lead CAPCOM for the STS-41D and STS-41G missions.In January 1985 he was assigned as the pilot of the STS-61H mission scheduled to launch in June 1986. Following the Challenger tragedy, he was assigned to the Orbiter Project Office, and made significant contributions to many Space Shuttle hardware modifications. During this period he also led the development of contingency abort procedures which significantly improved crew survivability in the event of multiple main engine failures during ascent.In February 1988 Col. Blaha was assigned as the pilot of STS-29. The 5-man crew launched on the Space Shuttle Discovery on March 13, 1989 and landed at Edwards Air Force Base on March 18, 1989. During this very successful mission, the crew deployed a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite and performed eight scientific/medical experiments.Col. Blaha also was the pilot on the crew of STS-33, which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989 aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The five day mission carried Department of Defense payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79 orbits of the earth, this highly successful mission concluded on November 27,1989 with a hard surface landing on Runway 04 at Edwards Air Force Base, California.More recently, Col. Blaha commanded the crew of STS-43 aboard the Orbiter Atlantis. The nine-day mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 2, 1991. During the flight crew members deployed the fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-E), in addition to conducting 32 physical, material, and life science experiments, mostly relating to the Extended Duration Orbiter and Space Station Freedom. After 142 orbits of the earth, this very significant mission concluded with a landing on Runway l5 at the Kennedy Space Center on August 11, 1991.With the completion of his third space mission, Col. Blaha has logged over 453 hours in spaceSEPTEMBER 1991</text>
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<text>NAME: David R. Scott (Col., USAF, Ret.)NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born June 6, 1932, San Antonio, Texas. His father, Brigadier General (USAF, Ret.), and his mother, Mrs. Tom W. Scott reside in La Jolla, California.EDUCATION: Received a BS from the US Military Academy in 1954, standing fifth in a class of 633; received a MS and an Engineering degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT in 1962; was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Astronautical Science from the University of Michigan in 1971; and has graduated from the Air Force Experimental Test Pilot School and Aerospace Research Pilot School.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Ann Lurton Ott of San Antonio, Texas and the couple and their two children reside in Lancaster, California.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, a Fellow of the American Astronautical society, an Associate Fellow in the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and a member of the Royal Aeronautical society, the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, and Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi and Sigma Gamma Tau. He is also a member of the Board of Governors of the Flight Safety Foundation, Inc.SPECIAL HONORS: Three NASA Distinguished Service Medals, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, two Air Force Distinguished Service Medals, the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross, and the Air Force Association's David C. Schilling Trophy(1971), the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale Gold Medal (1971), and the United Nations Peace Medal (1971).EXPERIENCE: Scott is President of Scott Science and Technology, Inc., an advanced technology company specializing in research and development and project management. These activities include the application of concepts, technology and scientific and engineering expertise to products, operations and management in business and industry. Dr. Scott was formally the director of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards, California. In this capacity, he was responsible for all operational and institutional activities at NASA's premiere aeronautical flight research facility.NASA EXPERIENCE: As a NASA astronaut, Scott flew on Gemini 8, Apollo 9 and was Spacecraft Commander on Apollo 15. He has logged 546 hours and 54 minutes in space, of which 20 hours and 46 minutes were in extravehicular activity.In 1972 Scott was named as Technical Assistant to the Apollo Program Manager at Johnson Space Center. Prior to coming to the Dryden Flight Research Center, he was Special Assistant for Mission Operations for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. He retired from the U.S. Air Force in March 1975 with the rank of Colonel and over 5600 hours of flying time.On the Gemini VIII mission in 1966, Scott and Command Pilot Neil Armstrong performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space. As Command Module Pilot for Apollo 9 in 1969, Scott was instrumental in completing the first comprehensive Earth orbital qualification and verification test of a fully configured Apollo spacecraft. In 1971 Scott commanded Apollo 15 which was the first extended scientific exploration of the Moon, doubling the lunar stay time of previous flights and utilizing the first Lunar Roving Vehicle to explore the Hadley Rille and the Apennine Mountains.</text>
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<text>NAME: Alan L. Bean (Captain, USN, Ret.) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Wheeler, Texas, on March 15, 1932. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Arnold H. Bean, reside in his hometown, Fort Worth, Texas.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair, hazel eyes; height: 5 feet 9-1/2 inches; weight: 155 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from Paschal High School in Fort Worth, Texas; received a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Texas in 1955; awarded an honorary doctorate of science from Texas Wesleyan College in 1972; presented an honorary doctorate of Engineering Science degree from the University of Akron (Ohio) in 1974.MARITAL STATUS: Unmarried.CHILDREN: Clay A., December 18, 1955; Amy Sue, January 21, 1963.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Reading.ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Society; member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.SPECIAL HONORS: Holder of 11 world records in space and astronautics; awarded two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, the Navy Astronaut Wings and two Navy Distinguished Service Medals; recipient of the Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress, the University of Texas Distinguished Alumnus Award and Distinguished Engineering Graduate Award, the Godfrey L. Cabot Award, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Trustees Award, the Texas Press Association's Man of the Year Award for 1969, the City of Chicago Gold Medal, the Robert J. Collier Trophy for 1973, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale's Yuri Gagarin Gold Medal for 1973, the V. M. Komarov Diploma for 1973 (1974), the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy for 1975, the AIAA Octave Chanute Award for 1975, and the AAS Flight Achievement Award for 1974 (1975).EXPERIENCE: Alan Bean, a Navy ROTC Student at Texas, was commis-sioned upon graduation in 1955. After completing flight training, he was assigned to a jet attack squadron in Jacksonville, Florida. After a four-year tour of duty, he attended the Navy Test Pilot School, then as a test pilot flew several types of naval aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Alan Bean was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October1963. He served as backup astronaut for the Gemini 10 and Apollo 9 missions.Captain Bean was lunar module pilot on Apollo 12, man's second lunar landing. In November 1969, Captain Bean and Captain Pete Conrad landed in the moon's Ocean of Storms--after a flight of some 250,000 miles. They explored the lunar surface, deployed several lunar surface experiments, and installed the first nuclear power generator station on the moon to provide the power source. Captain Richard Gordon remained in lunar orbit photographing landing sites for future missions.Captain Bean was spacecraft commander of Skylab Mission II (SL-3), July 28 - September 25, 1973. With him on the 59-day, 24,400,000-mile, world record setting flight were scientist-astronaut Dr. Owen K. Garriott and Marine Corps Lt. Colonel Jack R. Lousma. Mission II accomplished 150% of its premission forecast goals.On his next assignment, Captain Bean was backup spacecraft commander of the United States flight crew for the joint American-Russian Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.Captain Bean has logged 1,671 hours and 45 minutes in space, of which 10 hours and 26 minutes were spent in EVAs on the moon and in earth orbit. Captain Bean has flown 27 types of military aircraft as well as many civilian airplanes. He has logged more than 7,145 hours flying time, including 4,890 hours in jet aircraft. Captain Bean retired from the Navy in October 1975, but continued as head of the Astronaut Candidate Operations and Training Group within the astronaut office in a civilian capacity.Bean resigned from NASA in June 1981 to devote his full time to painting. He said his decision was based on the fact that, in his 18 years as an astronaut, he has been fortunate enough to visit worlds and see sights no artist's eye, past or present, has ever viewed firsthand and he hopes to express these experiences through the medium of art. He is pursuing this dream at his home and studio in Houston.</text>
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<text>NAME: Robert L. Crippen (Captain, USN) NASA AstronautBIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Beaumont, Texas, on September 11, 1937.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair, brown eyes; height: 5 feet 10 inches; weight 170 pounds.EDUCATION: Graduated from New Caney High School in Caney, Texas; received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1960.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Pandora Lee Puckett of Miami, Florida.CHILDREN: Ellen Marie, June 14, 1962; Susan Lynn, December 24, 1964; Linda Ruth, May 10, 1967.ORGANIZATIONS: Member, Society of Experimental Test Pilots; fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and fellow, American Astronautical Society.SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1972), the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1981), the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Award (1981). Also received the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award (1981), the National Geographic Society's Gardiner Greene Hubbard Medal (1981), the Aviation Hall of Fame 1981 Al J. Engel Award, the American Legion's Distinguished Service Medal (1981), the SETP Ivan C. Kincheloe Award (1981), the Federal Aviation Administration's Award for Distinguished Service (1982), the Goddard Memorial Trophy (1982), the Harmon Trophy (1982), and four NASA Space Flight Medals.EXPERIENCE: Crippen received his commission through the Navy's Aviation Officer Program at Pensacola, Florida, which he entered after graduation from the University of Texas. He continued his flight training at Whiting Field, Florida, and went from there to Chase Field in Beeville, Texas, where he received his wings.From June 1962 to November 1964, he was assigned to Fleet Squadron VA-72, completing 2 1/2 years of duty as an attack pilot aboard the aircraft carrier USS INDEPENDENCE. He later attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, and upon graduation, remained there as an instructor until his selection in October 1966 to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program. Crippen was among the second group of aerospace research pilots to be assigned to the MOL program.He has logged more than 6,500 hours flying time, which include more than 5,500 hours in jet aircraft.NASA EXPERIENCE: Crippen became a NASA astronaut in September 1969. He was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions, and he served in this same capacity for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission, which was completed successfully in July 1975.Crippen completed his first space flight as pilot of STS-I, the first orbital test flight of the Shuttle Columbia, April 12-14, 1981. Columbia was the first true manned spaceship. It was also the first manned vehicle to be flown into orbit without benefit of previous unmanned "orbital" testing, and the first to launch with wings using solid rocket boosters. It was also the first winged reentry vehicle to return to a conventional runway landing; weighing more than 99-tons, it was braked to a stop on the dry lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California.Crippen was next the spacecraft commander of STS-7, the second flight for the Orbiter Challenger, June 18-24, 1983. This was the first mission with a 5-person crew. During the mission, the crew deployed satellites for Canada (ANIK C-2) and Indonesia (PALAPA B-l); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to perform the first deployment and retrieval exercise with the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-01); conducted the first formation flying of the orbiter with a free-flying satellite (SPAS-01); carried and operated the first U.S./German cooperative materials science payload (OSTA-2); and operated the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) and the Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) experiments, in addition to activating seven Getaway Specials. Mission duration was 147 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.On his third flight, Crippen was spacecraft commander of STS 41-C, April 6-13, 1984. During this 7-day mission the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired it on board the orbiting Challenger, and replaced it in orbit using the robot arm called the Remote Manipulator System (RMS); flight tested the Manned Maneuvering Units (MMUs) in two extravehicular activities (EVAs); as well as operating the Cinema 360 and IMAX Camera Systems, and a Bee Hive Honeycomb Structures student experiment. Mission duration was 168 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.Crippen served as the commander of STS 41-G, October 5-13, 1984, the first mission with a 7-person crew. Their 8-day mission deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite; conducted scientific observations of the earth with the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera; and demonstrated potential satellite refueling with an EVA and associated hydrazine transfer. Mission duration was 197 hours and concluded with a landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida.CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Crippen is currently serving as Deputy Director, NSTS Operations, NASA Headquarters, stationed at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, where he is responsible for final Shuttle launch preparation, mission execution, and return of the Orbiter to KSC.FEBRUARY 1988</text>
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<text> Texas Astronauts</text>
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<text>Edward H. White, II, Lt. Col., USAF San Antonio, TX (11-14-30) BS (West Point); MS (Univ. of Mich.) Gemini 4; Died 1-27-67 Apollo 1 Fire</text>
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<text> Edgar D. Mitchell, Capt., USN (Ret.) Hereford, TX ( 9-17-30) BS (Carnegie-Mellon); PhD (MIT) Apollo 14 - 6th man on Moon </text>
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<text>NAME: Edgar Dean Mitchell (Captain, USN, Ret.)BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Hereford, Texas, on September 17,1930, but considers Artesia, New Mexico, his hometown.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet, 11 inches; weight: 180 pounds.EDUCATION: Attended primary schools in Roswell, New Mexico, and is a graduate of Artesia High School in Artesia, New Mexico; received a bachelor of science degree in Industrial Management from the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1952, a bachelor of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1961, and a doctorate of science degree in Aeronautics/Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964; presented an honorary doctorate of science from New Mexico State University in 1971, and an honorary doctorate of engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1971.MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Anita Orr Rettig of Medina, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. William Orr now reside in Winterpark, Florida.CHILDREN: Karlyn L., August l2, 1953; Elizabeth R., March 24, 1959; Kimberley, October 7, 1961; Paul, March 21, 1963; and Mary Beth, March 19, 1964.RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys handball, tennis, and swimming, and his hobbies are scuba diving and soaring.ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; the Society of Experimental Test Pilots; Sigma Xi; and Sigma Gamma Tau, New York Academy of Sciences.SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1970), the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, the MSC Superior Achievement Award (1970), the Navy Astronaut Wings, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the City of New York Gold Medal (1971), and the Arnold Air Society's John F. Kennedy Award (1971) .EXPERIENCE: Captain Mitchell's experience includes Navy operational flight, test flight, engineering, engineering management, and experience as a college instructor. Mitchell came to the Manned Spacecraft Center after graduating first in his class from the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School where he was both student and instructor.He entered the Navy in 1952 and completed his basic training at the San Diego Recruit Depot. In May 1953, after completing instruction at the Officers' Candidate School at Newport, Rhode Island, he was commissioned as an Ensign. He completed flight training in July 1954 at Hutchinson, Kansas, and subsequently was assigned to Patrol Squadron 29 deployed to Okinawa.From 1957 to 1958, he flew A3 aircraft while assigned to Heavy Attack Squadron Two deployed aboard the USS BON HOMME RICHARD and USS TICONDEROGA; and he was a research project pilot with Air Development Squadron Five until 1959. His assignment from 1964 to 1965 was as Chief, Project Management Division of the Navy Field Office for Manned Orbiting Laboratory.He has accumulated 5,000 hours flight time--2,000 hours in jets.Captain Mitchell was in the group selected for astronaut training in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 9 and as backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 10.He completed his first space flight as lunar module Pilot on Apollo 14, January 31 - February 9, 1971. With him on man's third lunar landing mission were Alan B. Shepard, spacecraft commander, and Stuart A. Roosa, command module pilot.Maneuvering their lunar module, "Antares," to a landing in the hilly upland Fra Mauro region of the moon, Shepard and Mitchell subsequently deployed and activated various scientific equipment and experiments and collected almost 100 pounds of lunar samples for return to Earth. Other Apollo 14 achievements include: first use of Mobile Equipment Transporter (MET); largest payload placed in lunar orbit; longest distance traversed on the lunar surface; largest payload returned from the lunar surface; longest lunar surface stay time (33 hours); longest lunar surface EVA (9 hours and 17 minutes); first use of shortened lunar orbit rendezvous techniques; first use of color TV with new vidicon tube on lunar surface; and first extensive orbital science period conducted during CSM solo operations.In completing his first space flight, Mitchell logged a total of 216 hours and 42 minutes.He was subsequently designated to serve as backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 16.He is currently Chairman of the Board, Forecast Systems Inc., Provo, Utah, and West Palm Beach, Florida.</text>
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<text>NAME: Edward Higgins White II, (Lt. Colonel, USAF) BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: November 14, 1930, San Antonio, Texas; died January 27, 1967, in the Apollo 204 fire at Cape Kennedy, Florida.MARITAL STATUS: Married with two children.EDUCATION: Received bachelor of science degree from the U.S. Military Academy (1952); and master of science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Michigan(1959).EXPERIENCE: Chosen with the second group of astronauts in 1962, he was pilot of Gemini 4 (first American to perform extravehicular activity), backup command pilot for Gemini 7, and had been selected to be command module pilot for the first manned Apollo flight.</text>
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<text>Clicking on each mission beneath an astronaut name will open the mission stacks to the indicated mission. Clicking on the astronaut name in the mission stacks will open the Astronaut Stack to the desired astronaut.Each astronaut's picture has a letter and star symbol (*)beside it for use with the find button. Click on "Find" and enter one of the following in the message box: "C*" for current astronauts, "F*" for former astronauts, and "D*" for deceased astronauts. Search through the stack by pressing the "return" key for this information about current astronaut status.A very large portion of the Astronaut Stack is devoted to the biographical sketches of every astronaut. Detailed information about each man and woman is accessed by clicking on the "Bio" button aside the astronaut's photo. Clicking on this button brings up a hidden biographical scroll field of information. Unfortunately, incorporation of the hidden biographical fields makes use of the "Find" button less direct. When a name to be found is entered into the Find Message Box and the Return Key is struck, the Find Routine will stop on names found in the hidden fields without opening the fields. Simply open the field via the "Bio" button, click on the "Find" button once more, and the found word will appear in the previously hidden field. Continue this process for the search of the Astronaut Stack.</text>
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